Regional odontodysplasia: Case report

Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is a rare developmental anomaly involving both mesodermal and ectodermal dental components in a group of contiguous teeth. It affects the primary and permanent dentitions in the maxilla and mandible or both jaws. Generally it is localized in only one arch. The etiology of this dental anomaly is uncertain. Clinically, affected teeth have an abnormal morphology, are soft on probing and typically discolored, yellow or yellowish-brown. Radiographically, the affected teeth show a ghostlike appearance. This paper reports the case of a 5-year-old girl presenting this rare anomaly on the left side of the maxillary arch, which crossed the midline. The primary maxillary left teeth (except for the canine) and the primary maxillary right central incisor were missing due to previous extractions. The permanent teeth had a ghostlike appearance radiographically. The treatment performed was rehabilitation with temporary partial acrylic denture and periodic controls. In the future, the extraction of affected permanent teeth and rehabilitation with dental implants will be evaluated. The presentation of this case adds valuable information to pediatric dentists to review special clinical and radiographic features of RO, which will facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this condition.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: A report of three cases

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a non-neoplastic condition of the jaws that Is not associated with inflammation of the pulp or periodontal tissue. This article reports on three cases that were diagnosed as FCOD, demonstrating the importance of both clinical and radiographic diagnosis and the clinical management of these lesions.

Transformação cística como consequência de terceiro molar inferior incluso

The permanence of impacted third molar in the jaws can cause many pathological alterations, amongst them the appearance of odontogenic cysts. The paradental cyst appearance and evolution next to a mandibular included third molar was diagnosised in radiograph routine follow-up, and its evolution and treatment are described. Are discussed the aspects related with the preventive removal to the impacted third molars and the necessity to institution a plan of treatment based in clinical history and radiograph in order to establish a preventive protocol the alterations caused by these impactions. The indication of extraction of impacted third enclosed can be a way to preventing the appearance of these and otherspathologies associates to these lesions.

Estudio digital radiográfico y densitométrico en mandíbulas de cerdos sometidos a osteotomía con alta y baja velocidad, con refrigeración líquida

The influence of the type of rotary cutting instrument on bone repair after osteotomy in swine jaw, was evaluated using digital and densitometric radiographic examinations, at controlled times. Two cross-sectional dissections were made through the base of the right jaw, one using a high speed rotary instrument and the other using low speed, both with liquid cooling. After established periods the animals were sacrificed and their jaws removed for direct and indirect digital radiographic and densitometric studies using the CROMOX, DIGORA and ODR systems. In the initial periods (7 and 28 days) the bone density was higher in osteotomy areas performed with high rotation speeds, and in the final periods (60 and 90 days) the bone density was higher in the osteotomies performed with low rotation, indicating a better final bone repair with the use of low rotation. The qualitative analysis of the repair process was made by the ODR system which obtained three-dimensional and coloured digital images, which enable the bone thickness to be measured using an aluminium wedge. This showed that by twenty-eight days the bone repair was already apparently complete. © 2010 SECOM.

Cherubism: Clinical case and genetic standpoints

Cherubism is a rare non-neoplastic hereditary disease, characterized by bilateral bone enlargement of the jaws and is accompanied by inflammation and fibrosis in childhood. An increase in jaw size is noted, with maximum enlargement occurring within 2 years of onset in most cases. By age 7, the lesions become static or progress relatively slowly until puberty. During the late teens, the disease may undergo spontaneous involution. The present case show a patient with history of bilateral enlargement of the jaw with the triad of clinical, histological and radiological findings that helps in the final diagnosis of cherubism.

A human retrieval study of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite-coated plateau root form implants after 2 months to 13 years in function

Calcium phosphate-based bioactive ceramics in various physical and chemical formulations have been extensively utilized as biomaterials for bone regeneration/conduction. However, the determination of their in vivo temporal behavior from the short to long term in humans has been a challenge due to the lack of physical reference for morphologic and morphometric evaluation. The present study evaluated bone morphology and morphometry (bone-to-implant contact [BIC]) around plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (PSHA)-coated endosseous implants that were retrieved due to prosthetic reasons while successfully in function at the posterior region of the jaws from as early as 2 months to ~13 years after a 6-month healing period after placement. Bone morphology was evaluated by light microscopy, and BIC was determined using computer software. Irrespective of the time in vivo, lamellar bone was observed in close contact with the implant PSHA-coated surface and between plateaus. BIC ranged from ~35-95%, was highly directional, and Haversian-like osteonic morphology between plateaus was observed for most implants. The PSHA coating was present with little variation in thickness between the samples retrieved regardless of time in vivo. © 2010 by Begell House, Inc.

Unusually rapid growth of brown tumour in the mandible after parathyroidectomy associated with the presence of a supernumerary parathyroid gland

The aim of this study is to report the case of a quick growing brown tumour in the jaw after a parathyroidectomy due to the presence of a rare fifth parathyroid gland. The patient had chronic renal disease and the diagnosis was tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Thirty days after the parathyroidectomy, the patient returned with a significant increase in the tumour size. The suspicion of a supernumerary gland was confirmed by parathyroid scintigraphy. The treatment of brown tumour is dependent on the treatment of the hyperparathyroidism. However, curettage should be considered if a large lesion is disturbing mastication. In conclusion, this case should attract the attention of general practitioner dentists, since they may be the first professionals who have contact with the patient with a brown tumour in the jaws. Likewise, this case emphasises the importance of knowing the type of hyperparathyroidism involved to allow for effective treatment planning. © 2011 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.

Cephalometric evaluation of hyoid bone position in a patient with Down syndrome: Case report

The hyoid bone contributes to the maintenance of the airway, chewing and swallowing, given to its anatomical and functional relations to the craniocervical complex. Cephalometric analysis has great importance for orthopedics, orthodontics and oral maxillary surgery. For the treatment of patients with special care needs, the cephalometric evaluation of the position of the hyoid bone should also contribute as a complementary element for dental diagnosis and the selection of the adequate treatment. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the alteration of the hyoid position after carrying out the functional orthopedic maxillary treatment in a 9 year-old patient with Down Syndrome. Initial cephalometric analysis revealed inadequate position of hyoid bone. The association of speech therapy to dynamic functional rehabilitation of jaws showed a positive effect in occlusal relation and facial expression. After treatment, all dimensions obtained from the hyoid triangle were higher than initial ones, except the anterior-posterior value of C3-H, which suggested function improvement of stomatognathic system. Once considered its anatomical and physiological relationship with the others structures of the stomatognathic system, cephalometric analysis of hyoid bone position was helpful to the comprehension of the craniofacial abnormalities related to chromosomal anomaly, and thus is essential to the interdisciplinary dialogue.

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth: A clinical and histopathological report

Gingival overgrowth is a significant problem faced by periodontists and is particularly associated with the use of certain drugs such as nifedipine, a high-specificity calcium channel blocker used for the treatment and prophylaxis of certain cardiovascular diseases. Development of gingival overgrowth is characterized by increased collagen in gingival tissue. In general is asymptomatic, at times associated with spontaneous bleeding and ulceration and can promote aesthetic changes and compromise hygiene habits and mastication of the patient. The severity of the symptoms is associated with the presence of risk factors such association with other drugs. This paper aims to present a case report of a patient with generalized gingival overgrowth, with more severe characteristics in the anterior mandible induced by chronic use of nifedipine who underwent basic non-surgical periodontal treatment including supra and subgingival scaling and root planning in both jaws associated with rigorous oral hygiene instructions and surgical therapy in the anterior mandible, the most affected area, to remove the excess of gingival tissue. Nifedipine was replaced by the patient cardiologist to propanolol hydrochloride (40 mg/kg) in an attempt to minimize unwanted side effects. After 6 month follow-up, no recurrence was observed, oral hygiene had improved and the patient had clinical periodontal health and esthetic satisfaction.

A New Miniature Characid (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), with Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data

Erythrocharax altipinnis is described from the Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Brazil. The new taxon is distinguished from all of the Characidae genera by having the pelvic bones firmly attached through the isquiatic processes; a nearly triangular hiatus in the musculature covering the anterior chamber of the swim bladder between the first and second pleural ribs (pseudotympanum); the pedunculate, notably expanded and distally compressed teeth in both jaws; circumorbital series represented by antorbital and four infraorbital bones with laterosensory canals not enclosed; a single tooth row in the premaxillary with the teeth perfectly aligned and similar in shape and cusp number; the first three branched dorsal-fin rays distinctly elongate in males; a bright red adipose and caudal fins in life; a conspicuous dark midlateral stripe extending from the opercle to the tip of the median caudal-fin rays; and by the absence of a humeral spot. The phylogenetic position of the new taxon is discussed using morphological and molecular datasets, with conflicting results of both approaches discussed. Additionally, a summarized discussion on the current problems in the Characidae taxonomy is presented and the principal biases in the morphological dataset are also discussed. © 2013 Netto-Ferreira et al.

Arterial hypertension perpetuates alveolar bone loss

Few studies have focused on the impact of hypertension on the progression of periodontitis (PD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether hypertension affects PD by enhancing bone loss even after the stimulus for PD induction is removed. Ligature-induced PD was created on the first mandibular molars of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar Kyoto-WKY). The animals were assigned to non-ligated controls (C) and PD groups: WKY-C, WKY-PD, SHR-C, and SHR-PD. After 10 days, five animals of each group were killed and the ligatures of the other animals were removed. On the 21st day (11 days without PD induced), the remaining animals were killed. The jaws were defleshed and the amount of bone loss was measured. After 10 days, the PD groups showed more bone loss than its controls (P < .05); SHR-PD = 0.72 ± 0.05 mm, SHR-C = 0.39 ± 0.04 mm, WKY-PD = 0.75 ± 0.04 mm, and WKY-C = 0.56 ± 0.04 mm. The cumulative bone loss on day 21 (0.94 ± 0.13 mm) was significantly worse than on day 10 only in SHR-PD group (P < .05). The final bone loss differences between PD and C groups accounted for 102% (SHR) and 26% (WKY) increase in comparison with the initial control levels. Hypertension is associated with progressive alveolar bone loss even when the stimulus for PD induction is removed and it may be speculated that host condition perpetuates alveolar bone loss. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.

Correlation between hand/wrist and panoramic radiographs in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism

Objectives: Hand/wrist and dental radiographs are important for osteoporosis analysis in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This study evaluated whether a correlation exists between the effects of the disease on the hands and jaws, and investigated the association between osteoporosis progression in the hands and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Materials and methods: Four panoramic radiographic parameters (mental index, mandibular cortical index, trabecular bone pattern, and calcification/resorption) and four corresponding hand/wrist radiographic parameters (metacarpal cortical thickness, phalangeal cortical index, trabecular bone pattern, and calcification/resorption) were applied to investigate possible correlation between the effects of SHPT on the jaws and hands/wrists, by Spearman's correlation coefficient. PTH levels and the hand/wrist radiographic parameters were also tested by spearman's correlation coefficient (p < 0.05). The presence of brown tumors, vascular calcifications, and acroosteolysis on the hands was also evaluated. Results: Mandibular cortical index was strongly correlated with the phalangeal cortical index (p = 0.000). Phalangeal cortical index and trabecular bone pattern of hand/wrist correlated with PTH levels (0.002 and 0.000, respectively). Brown tumors occurred in four CKD patients, while both vascular calcifications and acroosteolysis were observed in 19 patients. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the morphological changes caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism in hand and jaw bones. The morphological status can be assessed using the mandibular cortical index, besides the phalangeal cortical index. The latter correlates well with parathyroid hormone levels of advanced chronic kidney disease. Clinical relevance: Panoramic images reveal morphological changes in the jaw bone, indicating likewise changes in the hand/wrist in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. The severity of the bone changes may be a reflection of the parathyroid hormone levels in advanced chronic kidney disease. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

The Number of Bleaching Sessions Influences Pulp Tissue Damage in Rat Teeth

Introduction: Hydrogen peroxide tooth bleaching is claimed to cause alterations in dental tissue structures. This study investigated the influence of the number of bleaching sessions on pulp tissue in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were studied in 5 groups (groups 1S-5S) of 10 each, which differed by the number (1-5) of bleaching sessions. In each session, the animals were anesthetized, and 35% hydrogen peroxide gel was applied to 3 upper right molars. Two days after the experimental period, the animals were killed, and their jaws were processed for light microscope evaluation. Pulp tissue reactions were scored as follows: 1, no or few inflammatory cells and no reaction; 2, <25 cells and a mild reaction; 3, between 25 and 125 cells and a moderate reaction; and 4, 125 or more cells and a severe reaction. Results from each experimental group were compared between groups and within groups to the corresponding unbleached upper left molars and analyzed for significant differences using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .05). Results: All tissue sections showed significant bleaching-induced changes in the dental pulp. After 1 bleaching session, necrotic tissue in the pulp horns and underlying inflammatory changes were observed. The extent and intensity of these changes increased with the number of bleaching sessions. After 5 sessions, the changes included necrotic areas in the pulp tissue involving the second third of the radicular pulp and intense inflammation in the apical third. Conclusions: The number of bleaching sessions directly influenced the extent of pulp damage. © 2013 American Association of Endodontists.

Análise biomecânica do movimento mastigatório antes e após o ajuste da oclusão dentária em equino

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo em suínos sobre osteotomia com brocas de alta e baixa rotação e refrigeração líquida: análise radiográfica digital densitométrica em tecido ósseo alveolar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)