Linear Approach to the Orbiting Spacecraft Thermal Problem

A linear method is developed for solving the nonlinear differential equations of a lumped-parameter thermal model of a spacecraft moving in a closed orbit. This method, based on perturbation theory, is compared with heuristic linearizations of the same equations. The essential feature of the linear approach is that it provides a decomposition in thermal modes, like the decomposition of mechanical vibrations in normal modes. The stationary periodic solution of the linear equations can be alternately expressed as an explicit integral or as a Fourier series. This method is applied to a minimal thermal model of a satellite with ten isothermal parts (nodes), and the method is compared with direct numerical integration of the nonlinear equations. The computational complexity of this method is briefly studied for general thermal models of orbiting spacecraft, and it is concluded that it is certainly useful for reduced models and conceptual design but it can also be more efficient than the direct integration of the equations for large models. The results of the Fourier series computations for the ten-node satellite model show that the periodic solution at the second perturbative order is sufficiently accurate.

Imposed Deformations Measured on a Real Integral Structure: New Airport Terminal Barajas, Madrid, Spain

Experimental research on imposed deformation is generally conducted on small scale laboratory experiments. The attractiveness of field research lies in the possibility to compare results obtained from full scale structures to theoretical prediction. Unfortunately, measurements obtained from real structures are rarely described in literature. The structural response of integral edifices depends significantly on stiffness changes and constraints. The New Airport Terminal Barajas in Madrid, Spain provides with large integral modules, partially post?tensioned concrete frames, cast monolithically over three floor levels and an overall length of approx. 80 m. The field campaign described in this article explains the instrumentation of one of these frames focusing on the influence of imposed deformations such as creep, shrinkage and temperature. The applied monitoring equipment included embedded strain gages, thermocouples, DEMEC measurements and simple displacement measurements. Data was collected throughout construction and during two years of service. A complete data range of five years is presented and analysed. The results are compared with a simple approach to predict the long?term shortening of this concrete structure. Both analytical and experimental results are discussed.

Optimización de la composición del hueco de fachada en materia de eficiencia energética. Propuesta de indicador como herramienta para el análisis integral del elemento acristalado = Energy performance optimization of window systems. Proposal of an indicator as a tool for an integrated analysis of glazing

La hipótesis de esta tesis es: "La optimización de la ventana considerando simultáneamente aspectos energéticos y aspectos relativos a la calidad ambiental interior (confort higrotérmico, lumínico y acústico) es compatible, siempre que se conozcan y consideren las sinergias existentes entre ellos desde las primeras fases de diseño". En la actualidad se desconocen las implicaciones de muchas de las decisiones tomadas en torno a la ventana; para que su eficiencia en relación a todos los aspectos mencionados pueda hacerse efectiva es necesaria una herramienta que aporte más información de la actualmente disponible en el proceso de diseño, permitiendo así la optimización integral, en función de las circunstancias específicas de cada proyecto. En la fase inicial de esta investigación se realiza un primer acercamiento al tema, a través del estado del arte de la ventana; analizando la normativa existente, los componentes, las prestaciones, los elementos experimentales y la investigación. Se observa que, en ocasiones, altos requisitos de eficiencia energética pueden suponer una disminución de las prestaciones del sistema en relación con la calidad ambiental interior, por lo que surge el interés por integrar al análisis energético aspectos relativos a la calidad ambiental interior, como son las prestaciones lumínicas y acústicas y la renovación de aire. En este punto se detecta la necesidad de realizar un estudio integral que incorpore los distintos aspectos y evaluar las sinergias que se dan entre las distintas prestaciones que cumple la ventana. Además, del análisis de las soluciones innovadoras y experimentales se observa la dificultad de determinar en qué medida dichas soluciones son eficientes, ya que son soluciones complejas, no caracterizadas y que no están incorporadas en las metodologías de cálculo o en las bases de datos de los programas de simulación. Por lo tanto, se plantea una segunda necesidad, generar una metodología experimental para llevar a cabo la caracterización y el análisis de la eficiencia de sistemas innovadores. Para abordar esta doble necesidad se plantea la optimización mediante una evaluación del elemento acristalado que integre la eficiencia energética y la calidad ambiental interior, combinando la investigación teórica y la investigación experimental. En el ámbito teórico, se realizan simulaciones, cálculos y recopilación de información de distintas tipologías de hueco, en relación con cada prestación de forma independiente (acústica, iluminación, ventilación). A pesar de haber partido con un enfoque integrador, resulta difícil esa integración detectándose una carencia de herramientas disponible. En el ámbito experimental se desarrolla una metodología para la evaluación del rendimiento y de aspectos ambientales de aplicación a elementos innovadores de difícil valoración mediante la metodología teórica. Esta evaluación consiste en el análisis comparativo experimental entre el elemento innovador y un elemento estándar; para llevar a cabo este análisis se han diseñado dos espacios iguales, que denominamos módulos de experimentación, en los que se han incorporado los dos sistemas; estos espacios se han monitorizado, obteniéndose datos de consumo, temperatura, iluminancia y humedad relativa. Se ha realizado una medición durante un periodo de nueve meses y se han analizado y comparado los resultados, obteniendo así el comportamiento real del sistema. Tras el análisis teórico y el experimental, y como consecuencia de esa necesidad de integrar el conocimiento existente se propone una herramienta de evaluación integral del elemento acristalado. El desarrollo de esta herramienta se realiza en base al procedimiento de diagnóstico de calidad ambiental interior (CAI) de acuerdo con la norma UNE 171330 “Calidad ambiental en interiores”, incorporando el factor de eficiencia energética. De la primera parte del proceso, la parte teórica y el estado del arte, se obtendrán los parámetros que son determinantes y los valores de referencia de dichos parámetros. En base a los parámetros relevantes obtenidos se da forma a la herramienta, que consiste en un indicador de producto para ventanas que integra todos los factores analizados y que se desarrolla según la Norma UNE 21929 “Sostenibilidad en construcción de edificios. Indicadores de sostenibilidad”. ABSTRACT The hypothesis of this thesis is: "The optimization of windows considering energy and indoor environmental quality issues simultaneously (hydrothermal comfort, lighting comfort, and acoustic comfort) is compatible, provided that the synergies between these issues are known and considered from the early stages of design ". The implications of many of the decisions made on this item are currently unclear. So that savings can be made, an effective tool is needed to provide more information during the design process than the currently available, thus enabling optimization of the system according to the specific circumstances of each project. The initial phase deals with the study from an energy efficiency point of view, performing a qualitative and quantitative analysis of commercial, innovative and experimental windows. It is observed that sometimes, high-energy efficiency requirements may mean a reduction in the system's performance in relation to user comfort and health, that's why there is an interest in performing an integrated analysis of indoor environment aspects and energy efficiency. At this point a need for a comprehensive study incorporating the different aspects is detected, to evaluate the synergies that exist between the various benefits that meet the window. Moreover, from the analysis of experimental and innovative windows, a difficulty in establishing to what extent these solutions are efficient is observed; therefore, there is a need to generate a methodology for performing the analysis of the efficiency of the systems. Therefore, a second need arises, to generate an experimental methodology to perform characterization and analysis of the efficiency of innovative systems. To address this dual need, the optimization of windows by an integrated evaluation arises, considering energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality, combining theoretical and experimental research. In the theoretical field, simulations and calculations are performed; also information about the different aspects of indoor environment (acoustics, lighting, ventilation) is gathered independently. Despite having started with an integrative approach, this integration is difficult detecting lack available tools. In the experimental field, a methodology for evaluating energy efficiency and indoor environment quality is developed, to be implemented in innovative elements which are difficult to evaluate using a theoretical methodology This evaluation is an experimental comparative analysis between an innovative element and a standard element. To carry out this analysis, two equal spaces, called experimental cells, have been designed. These cells have been monitored, obtaining consumption, temperature, luminance and relative humidity data. Measurement has been performed during nine months and results have been analyzed and compared, obtaining results of actual system behavior. To advance this optimization, windows have been studied from the point of view of energy performance and performance in relation to user comfort and health: thermal comfort, acoustic comfort, lighting comfort and air quality; proposing the development of a methodology for an integrated analysis including energy efficiency and indoor environment quality. After theoretical and experimental analysis and as a result of the need to integrate existing knowledge, a comprehensive evaluation procedure for windows is proposed. This evaluation procedure is developed according to the UNE 171330 "Indoor Environmental Quality", also incorporating energy efficiency and cost as factors to evaluate. From the first part of the research process, outstanding parameters are chosen and reference values of these parameters are set. Finally, based on the parameters obtained, an indicator is proposed as windows product indicator. The indicator integrates all factors analyzed and is developed according to ISO 21929-1:2011"Sustainability in building construction. Sustainability indicators. Part 1: Framework for the development of indicators and a core set of indicators for buildings".

Desarrollo de un modelo integral de evaluación para instituciones de educación superior y análisis de su impacto en la planificación y gestión institucional

El propósito de esta tesis doctoral es el desarrollo de un modelo integral de evaluación de la gestión para instituciones de educación superior (IES), fundamentado en valorar la gestión de diferentes subsistemas que la integran, así como estudiar el impacto en la planificación y gestión institucional. Este Modelo de Evaluación Institucional fue denominado Modelo Integral de Evaluación de Gestión de las IES (MIEGIES), que incorpora la gestión de la complejidad, los aspectos gerenciales, el compromiso o responsabilidad social, los recursos, además de los procesos propios universitarios con una visión integral de la gestión. Las bases conceptuales se establecen por una revisión del contexto mundial de la educación superior, pasando por un análisis sobre evaluación y calidad en entornos universitarios. La siguiente reflexión conceptual versó sobre la gestión de la complejidad, de la gestión gerencial, de la gestión de responsabilidad social universitaria, de la gestión de los recursos y de la gestión de los procesos, seguida por un aporte sobre modelaje y modelos. Para finalizar, se presenta un resumen teórico sobre el alcance de la aplicación de ecuaciones estructurales para la validación de modelos. El desarrollo del modelo conceptual, dimensiones e indicadores, fue efectuado aplicando los principios de la metodología de sistemas suaves –SSM. Para ello, se identifica la definición raíz (DR), la razón sistémica de ser del modelo, para posteriormente desarrollar sus componentes y principios conceptuales. El modelo quedó integrado por cinco subsistemas, denominados: de la Complejidad, de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria, Gerencial, de Procesos y de Recursos. Los subsistemas se consideran como dimensiones e indicadores para el análisis y son los agentes críticos para el funcionamiento de una IES. Los aspectos referidos a lo Epistemetodológico, comenzó por identificar el enfoque epistemológico que sustenta el abordaje metodológico escogido. A continuación se identifican los elementos clásicos que se siguieron para llevar a cabo la investigación: Alcance o profundidad, población y muestra, instrumentos de recolección de información y su validación, para finalizar con la explicación procedimental para validar el modelo MIEGIES. La población considerada para el estudio empírico de validación fueron 585 personas distribuidas entre alumnos, docentes, personal administrativo y directivos de una Universidad Pública Venezolana. La muestra calculada fue de 238 individuos, número considerado representativo de la población. La aplicación de los instrumentos diseñados y validados permitió la obtención de un conjunto de datos, a partir de los cuales se validó el modelo MIEGIES. La validación del Modelo MIGEIES parte de sugerencias conceptuales para el análisis de los datos. Para ello se identificaron las variables relevantes, que pueden ser constructos o conceptos, las variables latentes que no pueden ser medidas directamente, sino que requiere seleccionar los indicadores que mejor las representan. Se aplicó la estrategia de modelación confirmatoria de los Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM). Para ello se parte de un análisis descriptivo de los datos, estimando la fiabilidad. A continuación se aplica un análisis factorial exploratorio y un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Para el análisis de la significancia del modelo global y el impacto en la planificación y gestión, se consideran el análisis de coeficientes de regresión y la tabla de ANOVA asociada, la cual de manera global especifica que el modelo planteado permite explicar la relación entre las variables definidas para la evaluación de la gestión de las IES. Así mismo, se encontró que este resultado de manera global explica que en la evaluación institucional tiene mucha importancia la gestión de la calidad y las finanzas. Es de especial importancia destacar el papel que desarrolla la planificación estratégica como herramienta de gestión que permite apoyar la toma de decisiones de las organizaciones en torno al quehacer actual y al camino que deben recorrer en el futuro para adecuarse a los cambios y a las demandas que les impone el entorno. El contraste estadístico de los dos modelos ajustados, el teórico y el empírico, permitió a través de técnicas estadísticas multivariables, demostrar de manera satisfactoria, la validez y aplicación del modelo propuesto en las IES. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que se pueden estimar de manera significativa los constructos que definen la evaluación de las instituciones de educación superior mediante el modelo elaborado. En el capítulo correspondiente a Conclusiones, se presenta en una de las primeras instancias, la relación conceptual propuesta entre los procesos de evaluación de la gestión institucional y de los cinco subsistemas que la integran. Posteriormente se encuentra que los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales con base en la estrategia de modelación confirmatoria es una herramienta estadística adecuada en la validación del modelo teórico, que fue el procedimiento propuesto en el marco de la investigación. En cuanto al análisis del impacto del Modelo en la Planificación y la Gestión, se concluye que ésta es una herramienta útil para cerrar el círculo de evaluación institucional. La planificación y la evaluación institucional son procesos inherentes a la filosofía de gestión. Es por ello que se recomienda su práctica como de necesario cumplimiento en todas las instancias funcionales y operativas de las Instituciones de Educación Superior. ABSTRACT The purpose of this dissertation is the development of a comprehensive model of management evaluation for higher education institutions (HEIs), based on evaluating the management of different subsystems and study the impact on planning and institutional management. This model was named Institutional Assessment Comprehensive Evaluation Model for the Management of HEI (in Spanish, MIEGIES). The model incorporates the management of complexity, management issues, commitment and social responsibility and resources in addition to the university's own processes with a comprehensive view of management. The conceptual bases are established by a review of the global context of higher education, through analysis and quality assessment in university environments. The following conceptual discussions covered the management of complexity, management practice, management of university social responsibility, resources and processes, followed by a contribution of modeling and models. Finally, a theoretical overview of the scope of application of structural equation model (SEM) validation is presented. The development of the conceptual model, dimensions and indicators was carried out applying the principles of soft systems methodology (SSM). For this, the root definition (RD), the systemic rationale of the model, to further develop their components and conceptual principles are identified. The model was composed of five subsystems, called: Complexity, University Social Responsibility, Management, Process and Resources. The subsystems are considered as dimensions and measures for analysis and are critical agents for the functioning of HEIs. In matters relating to epistemology and methodology we began to identify the approach that underpins the research: Scope, population and sample and data collection instruments. The classic elements that were followed to conduct research are identified. It ends with the procedural explanation to validate the MIEGIES model. The population considered for the empirical validation study was composed of 585 people distributed among students, faculty, staff and authorities of a public Venezuelan university. The calculated sample was 238 individuals, number considered representative of the population. The application of designed and validated instruments allowed obtaining a data set, from which the MIEGIES model was validated. The MIGEIES Model validation is initiated by the theoretical analysis of concepts. For this purpose the relevant variables that can be concepts or constructs were identified. The latent variables cannot be measured directly, but require selecting indicators that best represent them. Confirmatory modeling strategy of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied. To do this, we start from a descriptive analysis of the data, estimating reliability. An exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were applied. To analyze the significance of the overall models the analysis of regression coefficients and the associated ANOVA table are considered. This comprehensively specifies that the proposed model can explain the relationship between the variables defined for evaluating the management of HEIs. It was also found that this result comprehensively explains that for institutional evaluation quality management and finance are very important. It is especially relevant to emphasize the role developed by strategic planning as a management tool that supports the decision making of organizations around their usual activities and the way they should evolve in the future in order to adapt to changes and demands imposed by the environment. The statistical test of the two fitted models, the theoretical and the empirical, enabled through multivariate statistical techniques to demonstrate satisfactorily the validity and application of the proposed model for HEIs. The results confirm that the constructs that define the evaluation of HEIs in the developed model can be estimated. In the Conclusions section the conceptual relationship between the processes of management evaluation and the five subsystems that comprise it are shown. Subsequently, it is indicated that structural equation models based on confirmatory modeling strategy is a suitable statistical tool in validating the theoretical model, which was proposed in the framework of the research procedure. The impact of the model in Planning and Management indicates that this is a useful tool to complete the institutional assessment. Planning and institutional assessment processes are inherent in management philosophy. That is why its practice is recommended as necessary compliance in all functional and operational units of HEIs.

Indicadores de sostenibilidad de la gestión integral de las aguas de lluvia en los entornos urbanos : aplicación a la ciudad de Zaragoza

En un contexto de rápido crecimiento de la población urbana y de cambio climático global, la consecución de un modelo de desarrollo sostenible pasa inevitablemente por construir ciudades más sostenibles. Basado en una intensiva impermeabilización de los suelos, el modelo actual de desarrollo urbano modifica profundamente el ciclo natural del agua en las ciudades. La drástica reducción de la capacidad de infiltración del terreno hace que gran parte de la precipitación se transforme en escorrentía superficial, que se concentra rápidamente originando grandes caudales punta. Además, el lavado de las superficies urbanas aporta altas cargas de contaminación a la escorrentía que producen importantes impactos en los medios receptores. Esta realidad motiva la realización de la presente tesis doctoral cuyo objetivo general es contribuir a la consecución de ciudades sostenibles a través de la gestión integral de las aguas de lluvia en los entornos urbanos. Con el objetivo prioritario de minimizar los riesgos de inundación, el enfoque convencional del drenaje urbano desarrolló las primeras soluciones en relación a los caudales punta, centralizando su gestión en el sistema de saneamiento e incorporando la escorrentía al mismo tan rápido como fuera posible. Pero en episodios de lluvias intensas la sobrecarga tanto hidráulica como de contaminación del sistema provoca un incremento de la vulnerabilidad de la población a las inundaciones, una falta de garantía de salud pública y graves impactos sobre los medios receptores. La aprobación en 1987 del CleanWaterAct en Estados Unidos, en el que se reconoció por primera vez el problema de la contaminación aportada por la escorrentía urbana, fue el punto de partida de un nuevo enfoque que promueve un conjunto de técnicas de drenaje que integran aspectos como cantidad de agua, calidad de agua y servicio a la sociedad. Estas técnicas, conocidas como Sistemas de Drenaje Sostenible (SUDS), son consideradas como las técnicas más apropiadas para gestionar los riesgos resultantes de la escorrentía urbana así como para contribuir a la mejora medioambiental de la cuenca y de los ecosistemas receptores. La experiencia internacional apunta a que la efectiva incorporación de los SUDS como sistemas habituales en el desarrollo urbano debe basarse en tres elementos clave: El desarrollo de un marco normativo, la aplicación de instrumentos económicos y la participación ciudadana activa en el proceso. Además se identifica como una de las líneas estratégicas para avanzar en la resolución de la problemática el desarrollo y aplicación de metodologías que apoyen el proceso de toma de decisiones basadas en indicadores cuantificables. Convergiendo con esta línea estratégica la presente tesis doctoral define unos indicadores de sostenibilidad focalizados en una temática no desarrollada hasta el momento, la gestión integral de las aguas de lluvia. Para ello, se aplica el marco analítico Presión-Estado–Respuesta bajo un enfoque que rebasa el sistema de saneamiento, enmarcando la gestión de las aguas de lluvia en las múltiples y complejas interrelaciones del sistema urbano. Así se determinan indicadores de presión, de estado y de respuesta para cada elemento del sistema urbano (Medio Receptor – Cuenca Urbana – Sistema de Saneamiento), definiendo para cada indicador el objetivo específico, la unidad de medición, la tendencia deseada de evolución y la periodicidad de seguimiento recomendada. La validez de la metodología propuesta se comprueba en el estudio de caso de la ciudad de Zaragoza. La determinación de los indicadores permite realizar un diagnóstico y definir unas líneas estratégicas de actuación que contemplan mejoras no sólo en el sistema de saneamiento y drenaje urbano, sino también en el marco normativo, urbanístico, económico, social y ambiental. Finalmente, se concluye que la integración de la gestión de las aguas de lluvia en las políticas de ordenación del territorio, el desarrollo de mecanismos de coordinación institucional, la mejora del marco normativo y la aplicación de instrumentos económicos son elementos clave para la gestión integral de las aguas de lluvia y el consecuente desarrollo de ciudades más sostenibles en España. In a context of rapid urbanization and global climate change, coping with sustainable development challenges requires the development of sustainable cities. Based on an intensive soil permeability reduction, the current development model deeply modifies the natural water cycle in the urban environment. Reduction of soil infiltration capacity turns most of the rainwater into surface runoff, rapidly leading to heavy peak flows which are highly contaminated due to the flushing of the urban surface. This is the central motivation for this thesis, which aspires to contribute to the attainment of more sustainable cities through an integrated management of rainwater in urban environments. With the main objective of minimizing floods, the conventional approach of drainage systems focused on peak flows, centralizing their management on the sewage system and incorporating flows as fast as possible. But during heavy rains the hydraulic and contamination overcharge of the sewage system leads to an increase in the vulnerability of the population, in regards to floods and lack of public health, as well as to severe impacts in receiving waters. In 1987, the United States’Clean Water Act Declaration, which firstly recognized the problem of runoff contamination, was the starting point of a new approach that promotes a set of techniques known as Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS)that integrates issues such as quantity of water, quality of water and service to society. SUDS are considered the most suitable set of techniques to manage the risks resulting from urban runoff, as well as to contribute to the environmental enhancement of urban basins and of the aquatic ecosystems. International experience points out that the effective adoption of SUDS as usual systems in urban development must be based on three key elements: The enhancement of the legal frame, the application of economic tools and the active public participation throughout the process. Additionally, one of the strategic actions to advance in the resolution of the problem is the development and application of methodologies based in measurable indicators that support the decision making process. In that line, this thesis defines a set of sustainability indicators focused in integrated management of rainwater. To that end, the present document applies the analytical frame Pressure – State – Response under an approach that goes beyond the sewage system and considers the multiple and complex interrelations within urban systems. Thus, for the three basic elements that interact in the issue (Receiving Water Bodies – Urban Basin – Sewage System) a set of Pressure – State – Response indicators are proposed, and the specific aim, the measurement unit, the desired evolution trend and the regularity of monitoring are defined for each of the indicators. The application of the proposed indicators to the case study of the city of Zaragoza acknowledged their suitability for the definition of lines of action that encompass not only the enhancement of the performance of sewage and drainage systems during rain events, but also the legal, urban, economic, social and environmental framework. Finally, this thesis concludes that the inclusion of urban rainwater management issues in the definition of regional planning policies, the development of mechanisms to attain an effective institutional coordination, the enhancement of the legal framework and the application of economic tools are key elements in order to achieve an integrated rainwater management and the subsequent sustainability of urban development in Spain.

ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS PROFESSORES SOBRE OS PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS

O presente trabalho analisa as origens do modelo de Escola Pública de Tempo Integral, a partir de uma abordagem histórica que compara dois modelos: o da Escola-parque e a proposta implantada em 2006, no Estado de São Paulo. Investiga a questão com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici com o intuito de desvelar as representações sociais de professores, para aprofundar a reflexão sobre a sua inserção e preparação para a atuação neste modelo de escola. Prioriza, também, uma discussão sobre uma divisão que se percebe no contexto da Escola Pública de Tempo Integral, que se refere a uma distinção entre a proposta de atividades desenvolvidas sobre as atividades do currículo normal (consideradas mais importantes) e as atividades de extensão do currículo oficinas (consideradas menos importantes), cujas diferenças são geradas pela ausência de preparação destes profissionais nos processos formativos do projeto.(AU)

ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS PROFESSORES SOBRE OS PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS

O presente trabalho analisa as origens do modelo de Escola Pública de Tempo Integral, a partir de uma abordagem histórica que compara dois modelos: o da Escola-parque e a proposta implantada em 2006, no Estado de São Paulo. Investiga a questão com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici com o intuito de desvelar as representações sociais de professores, para aprofundar a reflexão sobre a sua inserção e preparação para a atuação neste modelo de escola. Prioriza, também, uma discussão sobre uma divisão que se percebe no contexto da Escola Pública de Tempo Integral, que se refere a uma distinção entre a proposta de atividades desenvolvidas sobre as atividades do currículo normal (consideradas mais importantes) e as atividades de extensão do currículo oficinas (consideradas menos importantes), cujas diferenças são geradas pela ausência de preparação destes profissionais nos processos formativos do projeto.(AU)

ASSISTÊNCIA DE SAÚDE ÀS MULHERES MUÇULMANAS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE O SISTEMA RELIGIOSO ISLÂMICO E A POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE ATENÇÃO INTEGRAL À SAÚDE DA MULHER.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos religiosos islâmicos e as implicações das relações de gênero no islam sobre a assistência de saúde às mulheres muçulmanas, e através disto, discutir a importância do conhecimento prévio do islamismo pelos profissionais de saúde para propor uma assistência de saúde congruente a estas mulheres, tendo por referência a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher. Esta pesquisa tem abordagem qualitativa, com o desenvolvimento de pesquisa de campo e aplicação de um roteiro de perguntas semi-estruturado, com questões relacionadas ao islamismo e à saúde das mulheres. Ao todo, foram entrevistadas dez pessoas, sendo estas: quatro mulheres revertidas ao islam, três mulheres de família muçulmana, dois sheiks e uma assistente social. As entrevistas foram realizadas no Centro de Divulgação do Islam para a América Latina e o Caribe (CDIAL) e na Assembléia Mundial da Juventude Islâmica na América Latina (WAMY).

ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS PROFESSORES SOBRE OS PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS

O presente trabalho analisa as origens do modelo de Escola Pública de Tempo Integral, a partir de uma abordagem histórica que compara dois modelos: o da Escola-parque e a proposta implantada em 2006, no Estado de São Paulo. Investiga a questão com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici com o intuito de desvelar as representações sociais de professores, para aprofundar a reflexão sobre a sua inserção e preparação para a atuação neste modelo de escola. Prioriza, também, uma discussão sobre uma divisão que se percebe no contexto da Escola Pública de Tempo Integral, que se refere a uma distinção entre a proposta de atividades desenvolvidas sobre as atividades do currículo normal (consideradas mais importantes) e as atividades de extensão do currículo oficinas (consideradas menos importantes), cujas diferenças são geradas pela ausência de preparação destes profissionais nos processos formativos do projeto.(AU)

ASSISTÊNCIA DE SAÚDE ÀS MULHERES MUÇULMANAS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE O SISTEMA RELIGIOSO ISLÂMICO E A POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE ATENÇÃO INTEGRAL À SAÚDE DA MULHER.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos religiosos islâmicos e as implicações das relações de gênero no islam sobre a assistência de saúde às mulheres muçulmanas, e através disto, discutir a importância do conhecimento prévio do islamismo pelos profissionais de saúde para propor uma assistência de saúde congruente a estas mulheres, tendo por referência a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher. Esta pesquisa tem abordagem qualitativa, com o desenvolvimento de pesquisa de campo e aplicação de um roteiro de perguntas semi-estruturado, com questões relacionadas ao islamismo e à saúde das mulheres. Ao todo, foram entrevistadas dez pessoas, sendo estas: quatro mulheres revertidas ao islam, três mulheres de família muçulmana, dois sheiks e uma assistente social. As entrevistas foram realizadas no Centro de Divulgação do Islam para a América Latina e o Caribe (CDIAL) e na Assembléia Mundial da Juventude Islâmica na América Latina (WAMY).

Evaluating and developing project-based learning:an empirical approach to evaluating CDIO

As a global profession, engineering is integral to the maintenance and further development of society. Indeed, contemporary social problems requiring engineering solutions are not only a consequence of natural and ‘manmade’ disasters (such as the Japanese earthquake or the oil leakage in the Gulf of Mexico) but also encapsulate 21st Century dilemmas around sustainability, poverty and pollution [2,6,7]. Given the complexity of such problems and the constant need for innovation, the demand for engineering education to provide a ready supply of suitably qualified engineering graduates, able to make innovative decisions has never been higher [3,5]. Bearing this in mind, and taking account problems of attrition in engineering education [1,6,4] innovation in the way in which the curriculum is developed and delivered is crucial. CDIO [Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate] provides a potentially ground-breaking solution to such dilemmas. Aimed at equipping students with practical engineering skills supported by the necessary theoretical background, CDIO could potentially change the way engineering is perceived and experienced within higher education. Aston University introduced CDIO into its Mechanical Engineering and Design programmes in October 2011. From its induction, engineering education researchers have ‘shadowed’ the staff responsible for developing and teaching the programme. Utilising an Action Research Design, and adopting a mixed methodological research design, the researchers have worked closely with the teaching team to critically reflect on the processes involved in introducing CDIO into the curriculum. Concurrently, research has been conducted to capture students’ perspectives of CDIO. In evaluating the introduction of CDIO at Aston, the researchers have developed a distinctive research strategy with which to evaluate CDIO. It is the emergent findings from this research that form the basis of this paper. Although early-on in its development CDIO is making a significant difference to engineering education at the University. The paper draws attention to pedagogical, practical and professional issues – discussing each one in turn and in doing so critically analysing the value of CDIO from academic, student and industrial perspectives. The paper concludes by noting that whilst CDIO represents a forwardthinking approach to engineering education, the need for constant innovation in learning and teaching should not be forgotten. Indeed, engineering education needs to put itself at the forefront of pedagogic practice. Providing all-rounded engineers, ready to take on the challenges of the 21st Century!

Fast reconstruction of harmonic functions from Cauchy data using the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map and integral equations

We propose and investigate a method for the stable determination of a harmonic function from knowledge of its value and its normal derivative on a part of the boundary of the (bounded) solution domain (Cauchy problem). We reformulate the Cauchy problem as an operator equation on the boundary using the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. To discretize the obtained operator, we modify and employ a method denoted as Classic II given in [J. Helsing, Faster convergence and higher accuracy for the Dirichlet–Neumann map, J. Comput. Phys. 228 (2009), pp. 2578–2576, Section 3], which is based on Fredholm integral equations and Nyström discretization schemes. Then, for stability reasons, to solve the discretized integral equation we use the method of smoothing projection introduced in [J. Helsing and B.T. Johansson, Fast reconstruction of harmonic functions from Cauchy data using integral equation techniques, Inverse Probl. Sci. Eng. 18 (2010), pp. 381–399, Section 7], which makes it possible to solve the discretized operator equation in a stable way with minor computational cost and high accuracy. With this approach, for sufficiently smooth Cauchy data, the normal derivative can also be accurately computed on the part of the boundary where no data is initially given.

An alternating boundary integral based method for a Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation in semi-infinite regions

We consider a Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation in a two-dimensional semi-infinite region with a bounded inclusion, i.e. the region is the intersection between a half-plane and the exterior of a bounded closed curve contained in the half-plane. The Cauchy data are given on the unbounded part of the boundary of the region and the aim is to construct the solution on the boundary of the inclusion. In 1989, Kozlov and Maz'ya [10] proposed an alternating iterative method for solving Cauchy problems for general strongly elliptic and formally self-adjoint systems in bounded domains. We extend their approach to our setting and in each iteration step mixed boundary value problems for the Laplace equation in the semi-infinite region are solved. Well-posedness of these mixed problems are investigated and convergence of the alternating procedure is examined. For the numerical implementation an efficient boundary integral equation method is proposed, based on the indirect variant of the boundary integral equation approach. The mixed problems are reduced to integral equations over the (bounded) boundary of the inclusion. Numerical examples are included showing the feasibility of the proposed method.

An integral equation method for a mixed initial boundary value problem for unsteady Stokes system in a doubly-connected domain

We present a novel numerical method for a mixed initial boundary value problem for the unsteady Stokes system in a planar doubly-connected domain. Using a Laguerre transformation the unsteady problem is reduced to a system of boundary value problems for the Stokes resolvent equations. Employing a modied potential approach we obtain a system of boundary integral equations with various singularities and we use a trigonometric quadrature method for their numerical solution. Numerical examples are presented showing that accurate approximations can be obtained with low computational cost.

An alternating potential based approach for a Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation in a planar domain with a cut

We consider a Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation in a bounded region containing a cut, where the region is formed by removing a sufficiently smooth arc (the cut) from a bounded simply connected domain D. The aim is to reconstruct the solution on the cut from the values of the solution and its normal derivative on the boundary of the domain D. We propose an alternating iterative method which involves solving direct mixed problems for the Laplace operator in the same region. These mixed problems have either a Dirichlet or a Neumann boundary condition imposed on the cut and are solved by a potential approach. Each of these mixed problems is reduced to a system of integral equations of the first kind with logarithmic and hypersingular kernels and at most a square root singularity in the densities at the endpoints of the cut. The full discretization of the direct problems is realized by a trigonometric quadrature method which has super-algebraic convergence. The numerical examples presented illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.