Prospecção de genes na microbiota do rúmen bovino com propriedades degradadoras da biomassa vegetal

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Políticas públicas municipais na era global: o Programa Município VerdeAzul em questão

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Cultivo de Eucalyptus urograndis em atmosfera enriquecida com CO2: mudanças no proteoma cloroplastidial

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Um estudo da arte-sequencial: os componentes imagéticos e textuais em homem-aranha : azul

Comic books, graphic narrative and sequential art, had their origin in newspapers, in the period of the Industrial Revolution. First published weekly in the comic strip format, with the passage of time, the new form of literature has gained more and more public and comic strips became complete stories in the format of comic books and later, graphic novels. This course's final paper aims to present the main components of comics: the picture and the text; and to examine the way in which these two elements overlap and complement each other in the configuration of comics as a whole. As the object of analysis, it was chosen the graphic novel Spider-Man: Blue, first published in 2002 as part of a project composed by three other titles from the double winning cartoonists of the Eisner Award, Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale. For theoretical background, was chosen the book Os Quadrinhos - Linguagem e Semiótica: Um Estudo Abrangente da Arte Sequencial written by the researcher Antonio Luiz Cagnin, which presents a study of all components found in the sequential art and treated in this work: the narrative time, visual plans, balloons, caption, and onomatopoeia

As características da temperatura do ar em bairros com produção do espaço urbano distintas: uma análise do Parque Higienópolis e Jd. Morada do Sol em Presidente Prudente-SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Looming Changes in the Energy Economy

Over the next decade or two, the energy sector on which the world economy is based will undergo significant transformations. The fossil fuels on which the industrial revolution was built are on their way out. Nebraskans will face higher energy prices, but they will also produce more energy.

Um estudo da arte-sequencial: os componentes imagéticos e textuais em homem-aranha : azul

Comic books, graphic narrative and sequential art, had their origin in newspapers, in the period of the Industrial Revolution. First published weekly in the comic strip format, with the passage of time, the new form of literature has gained more and more public and comic strips became complete stories in the format of comic books and later, graphic novels. This course's final paper aims to present the main components of comics: the picture and the text; and to examine the way in which these two elements overlap and complement each other in the configuration of comics as a whole. As the object of analysis, it was chosen the graphic novel Spider-Man: Blue, first published in 2002 as part of a project composed by three other titles from the double winning cartoonists of the Eisner Award, Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale. For theoretical background, was chosen the book Os Quadrinhos - Linguagem e Semiótica: Um Estudo Abrangente da Arte Sequencial written by the researcher Antonio Luiz Cagnin, which presents a study of all components found in the sequential art and treated in this work: the narrative time, visual plans, balloons, caption, and onomatopoeia

As características da temperatura do ar em bairros com produção do espaço urbano distintas: uma análise do Parque Higienópolis e Jd. Morada do Sol em Presidente Prudente-SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effects of ocean acidification on the brown alga "Padina pavonica": decalcification due to acute and chronic events

[EN] Since the industrial revolution, anthropogenic CO2 emissions have caused ocean acidification, which particularly affects calcified organisms. Given the fan-like calcified fronds of the brown alga Padina pavonica, we evaluated the acute (shortterm) effects of a sudden pH drop due to a submarine volcanic eruption (October 2011–early March 2012) affecting offshore waters around El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain). We further studied the chronic (long-term) effects of the continuous decrease in pH in the last decades around the Canarian waters. In both the observational and retrospective studies (using herbarium collections of P. pavonica thalli from the overall Canarian Archipelago), the percent of surface calcium carbonate coverage of P. pavonica thalli were contrasted with oceanographic data collected either in situ (volcanic eruption event) or from the ESTOC marine observatory data series (herbarium study). Results showed that this calcified alga is sensitive to acute and chronic environmental pH changes. In both cases, pH changes predicted surface thallus calcification, including a progressive decalcification over the last three decades. This result concurs with previous studies where calcareous organisms decalcify under more acidic conditions. Hence, Padina pavonica can be implemented as a bio-indicator of ocean acidification (at short and long time scales) for monitoring purposes over wide geographic ranges, as this macroalga is affected and thrives (unlike strict calcifiers) under more acidic conditions

Marinetti ultimo mitografo

La ricognizione delle opere composte da Filippo Tommaso Marinetti tra il 1909 e il 1912 è sostenuta da una tesi paradossale: il futurismo di Marinetti non sarebbe un'espressione della modernità, bensì una reazione anti-moderna, che dietro a una superficiale ed entusiastica adesione ad alcune parole d'ordine della seconda rivoluzione industriale nasconderebbe un pessimismo di fondo nei confronti dell'uomo e della storia. In questo senso il futurismo diventa un emblema del ritardo culturale e del gattopardismo italiano, e anticipa l’analoga operazione svolta in politica da Mussolini: dietro un’adesione formale ad alcune istanze della modernità, la preservazione dello Status Quo. Marinetti è descritto come un corpo estraneo rispetto alla cultura scientifica del Novecento: un futurista senza futuro (rarissime in Marinetti sono le proiezioni fantascientifiche). Questo aspetto è particolarmente evidente nelle opere prodotte del triennio 1908-1911, che non solo sono molto diverse dalle opere futuriste successive, ma per alcuni aspetti rappresentano una vera e propria antitesi di ciò che diventerà il futurismo letterario a partire dal 1912, con la pubblicazione del Manifesto tecnico della letteratura futurista e l'invenzione delle parole in libertà. Nelle opere precedenti, a un sostanziale disinteresse per il progressismo tecnologico corrispondeva un'attenzione ossessiva per la corporeità e un ricorso continuo all'allegoria, con effetti particolarmente grotteschi (soprattutto nel romanzo Mafarka le futuriste) nei quali si rilevano tracce di una concezione del mondo di sapore ancora medioevo-rinascimentale. Questa componente regressiva del futurismo marinettiano viene platealmente abbandonata a partire dal 1912, con Zang Tumb Tumb, salvo riaffiorare ciclicamente, come una corrente sotterranea, in altre fasi della sua carriera: nel 1922, ad esempio, con la pubblicazione de Gli indomabili (un’altra opera allegorica, ricca di reminiscenze letterarie). Quella del 1912 è una vera e propria frattura, che nel primo capitolo è indagata sia da un punto di vista storico (attraverso la documentazione epistolare e giornalistica vengono portate alla luce le tensioni che portarono gran parte dei poeti futuristi ad abbandonare il movimento proprio in quell'anno) che da un punto di vista linguistico: sono sottolineate le differenze sostanziali tra la produzione parolibera e quella precedente, e si arrischia anche una spiegazione psicologica della brusca svolta impressa da Marinetti al suo movimento. Nel secondo capitolo viene proposta un'analisi formale e contenutistica della ‘funzione grottesca’ nelle opere di Marinetti. Nel terzo capitolo un'analisi comparata delle incarnazioni della macchine ritratte nelle opere di Marinetti ci svela che quasi sempre in questo autore la macchina è associata al pensiero della morte e a una pulsione masochistica (dominante, quest'ultima, ne Gli indomabili); il che porta ad arrischiare l'ipotesi che l'esperienza futurista, e in particolare il futurismo parolibero posteriore al 1912, sia la rielaborazione di un trauma. Esso può essere interpretato metaforicamente come lo choc del giovane Marinetti, balzato in pochi anni dalle sabbie d'Alessandria d'Egitto alle brume industriali di Milano, ma anche come una reale esperienza traumatica (l'incidente automobilistico del 1908, “mitologizzato” nel primo manifesto, ma che in realtà fu vissuto dall'autore come esperienza realmente perturbante).

Impact of ocean acidification on phytoplankton growth and aggregation

Since the industrial revolution, the ocean has absorbed around one third of the anthropogenic CO2, which induced a profound alteration of the carbonate system commonly known as ocean acidification. Since the preindustrial times, the average ocean surface water pH has fallen by 0.1 units, from approximately 8.2 to 8.1 and a further decrease of 0.4 pH units is expected for the end of the century. Despite their microscopic size, marine diatoms are bio-geo-chemically a very important group, responsible for the export of massive amount of carbon to deep waters and sediments. The knowledge of the potential effects of ocean acidification on the phytoplankton growth and on biological pump is still at its infancy. This study wants to investigate the effect of ocean acidification on the growth of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and on its aggregation, using a mechanistic approach. The experiment consisted of two treatments (Present and Future) representing different pCO2 conditions and two sequential experimental phases. During the cell growth phase a culture of S. marinoi was inoculated into transparent bags and the effect of ocean acidification was studied on various growth parameters, including DOC and TEP production. The aggregation phase consisted in the incubation of the cultures into rolling tanks where the sinking of particles through the water column was simulated and aggregation promoted. Since few studies investigated the effect of pH on the growth of S. marinoi and none used pH ranges that are compatible with the OA scenarios, there were no baselines. I have shown here, that OA does not affect the cell growth of S. marinoi, suggesting that the physiology of this species is robust in respect to the changes in the carbonate chemistry expected for the end of the century. Furthermore, according to my results, OA does not affect the aggregation of S. marinoi in a consistent manner, suggesting that this process has a high natural variability but is not influenced by OA in a predictable way. The effect of OA was tested over a variety of factors including the number of aggregates produced, their size and sinking velocity, the algal, bacterial and TEP content. Many of these variables showed significant treatment effects but none of these were consistent between the two experiments.

Application Platforms for the Internet of Things: Theory, Architecture, Protocols, Data Formats, and Privacy

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next industrial revolution: we will interact naturally with real and virtual devices as a key part of our daily life. This technology shift is expected to be greater than the Web and Mobile combined. As extremely different technologies are needed to build connected devices, the Internet of Things field is a junction between electronics, telecommunications and software engineering. Internet of Things application development happens in silos, often using proprietary and closed communication protocols. There is the common belief that only if we can solve the interoperability problem we can have a real Internet of Things. After a deep analysis of the IoT protocols, we identified a set of primitives for IoT applications. We argue that each IoT protocol can be expressed in term of those primitives, thus solving the interoperability problem at the application protocol level. Moreover, the primitives are network and transport independent and make no assumption in that regard. This dissertation presents our implementation of an IoT platform: the Ponte project. Privacy issues follows the rise of the Internet of Things: it is clear that the IoT must ensure resilience to attacks, data authentication, access control and client privacy. We argue that it is not possible to solve the privacy issue without solving the interoperability problem: enforcing privacy rules implies the need to limit and filter the data delivery process. However, filtering data require knowledge of how the format and the semantics of the data: after an analysis of the possible data formats and representations for the IoT, we identify JSON-LD and the Semantic Web as the best solution for IoT applications. Then, this dissertation present our approach to increase the throughput of filtering semantic data by a factor of ten.

Zum Stand der aktuellen Diskussion des globalen Klimawandels : Versuch einer kritischen Wertung seiner Ursachen und Folgen sowie von Handlungsweisen im Licht von Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit

Mittels gründlicher Literaturrecherchen wurde dokumentiert, wie Wissenschaft, Medien, Wirtschaft und Staatsregierungen den globalen Klimawandel seit der Industriellen Revolution bewertet haben. Dabei wurde der breite wissenschaftliche Konsens über die ausschlaggebende Rolle des Treibhauseffektes dokumentiert. Kontrovers dazu wurden aber auch anderslautende Meinungen über „natürliche Faktoren“ im Klimasystem aufgezeigt. Bedenken des Verfassers bestehen zur Praktikabilität des Kyoto-Protokolls und zur politischen Anwendbarkeit der IPCC-Berichte, die in der Gefahr stehen, durch ihre nicht ableitbaren Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen eine wissenschaftliche Neutralität vermissen zu lassen. Im Blick auf die Klimaschutzpolitik kann Deutschland in der Welt als Vorreiter mit Einschränkungen angesehen werden. Die anwendungsbezogene Klimaforschung wird in Deutschland gefördert, in den USA dagegen die Grundlagenforschung, was mit der Herkunft der Klimaskeptiker einhergeht, die vorwiegend aus dem angloamerikanischen Kulturkreis stammen und kaum aus Deutschland kommen. Dies spiegelt sich als roter Faden in den Forschungsergebnissen verschiedener Medienwissenschaftler wider, wonach die US-Medien im Gegensatz zu deutschen um eine Balance zwischen anthropogenen und natürlichen Ursachen des Klimawandels bemüht sind. Ein in den USA medial präsentierter scheinbarer Dissens der Klimaforschung findet sich als Abbild in heterogenen klimaschutzpolitischen Ausrichtungen der USA auf föderaler und bundesstaatlicher Ebene wieder, wohingegen sich in Deutschland der wissenschaftliche Konsens und die mediale Berichterstattung in einer homogenen Klimaschutzpolitik niederschlagen.

Temporal dynamics of benthic assemblages along a gradient of ocean acidification at a CO2 vent’s system of the Ischia Island

Global warming and ocean acidification, due to rising atmospheric levels of CO2, represent an actual threat to terrestrial and marine environments. Since Industrial Revolution, in less of 250 years, pH of surface seawater decreased on average of 0.1 unit, and is expected to further decreases of approximately 0.3-0.4 units by the end of this century. Naturally acidified marine areas, such as CO2 vent systems at the Ischia Island, allow to study acclimatation and adaptation of individual species as well as the structure of communities, and ecosystems to OA. The main aim of this thesis was to study how hard bottom sublittoral benthic assemblages changed trough time along a pH gradient. For this purpose, the temporal dynamics of mature assemblages established on artificial substrates (volcanic tiles) over a 3 year- period were analysed. Our results revealed how composition and dynamics of the community were altered and highly simplified at different level of seawater acidification. In fact, extreme low values of pH (approximately 6.9), affected strongly the assemblages, reducing diversity both in terms of taxa and functional groups, respect to lower acidification levels (mean pH 7.8) and ambient conditions (8.1 unit). Temporal variation was observed in terms of species composition but not in functional groups. Variability was related to species belonging to the same functional group, suggesting the occurrence of functional redundancy. Therefore, the analysis of functional groups kept information on the structure, but lost information on species diversity and dynamics. Decreasing in ocean pH is only one of many future global changes that will occur at the end of this century (increase of ocean temperature, sea level rise, eutrophication etc.). The interaction between these factors and OA could exacerbate the community and ecosystem effects showed by this thesis.

Reflection, refraction, and rejection : copper smelting heritage and the execution of environmental policy

This dissertation examines the global technological and environmental history of copper smelting and the conflict that developed between historic preservation and environmental remediation at major copper smelting sites in the United States after their productive periods ended. Part I of the dissertation is a synthetic overview of the history of copper smelting and its environmental impact. After reviewing the basic metallurgy of copper ores, the dissertation contains successive chapters on the history of copper smelting to 1640, culminating in the so-called German, or Continental, processing system; on the emergence of the rival Welsh system during the British industrial revolution; and on the growth of American dominance in copper production the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The latter chapter focuses, in particular, on three of the most important early American copper districts: Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula, Tennessee’s Copper Basin, and Butte-Anaconda, Montana. As these three districts went into decline and ultimately out of production, they left a rich industrial heritage and significant waste and pollution problems generated by increasingly more sophisticated technologies capable of commercially processing steadily growing volumes of decreasingly rich ores. Part II of the dissertation looks at the conflict between historic preservation and environmental remediation that emerged locally and nationally in copper districts as they went into decline and eventually ceased production. Locally, former copper mining communities often split between those who wished to commemorate a region’s past importance and develop heritage tourism, and local developers who wished to clear up and clean out old industrial sites for other purposes. Nationally, Congress passed laws in the 1960s and 1970s mandating the preservation of historical resources (National Historic Preservation Act) and laws mandating the cleanup of contaminated landscapes (CERCLA, or Superfund), objectives sometimes in conflict – especially in the case of copper smelting sites. The dissertation devotes individual chapters to the conflicts that developed between environmental remediation, particularly involving the Environmental Protection Agency and the heritage movement in the Tennessee, Montana, and Michigan copper districts. A concluding chapter provides a broad model to illustrate the relationship between industrial decline, federal environmental remediation activities, and the growth of heritage consciousness in former copper mining and smelting areas, analyzes why the outcome varied in the three areas, and suggests methods for dealing with heritage-remediation issues to minimize conflict and maximize heritage preservation.