La responsabilidad social en la educación

La Responsabilidad Social Universitaria (RSU) es una gestión institucional holística debido a la interrelación de todos los elementos que participan como son los departamentos, las actividades, los aprendizajes, la realidad social, los problemas sociales, entre otros. Todos estos aspectos se enlazan en la gestión RSU, ya que moldean al universitario en su formación integral, capacidades, valores, crecimiento interno y generan en el estudiante alternativas de acciones sustentables. Es de suma importancia las diversas estrategias que se emplean o instrumentan para que el educando se comprometa en la participación social y haya una congruencia entre la teoría del conocimiento y la práctica del mismo. Las estrategias de aprendizaje como elaboración de proyectos, investigación de problemas sociales, análisis y estudio de casos coadyuvan a que el universitario desarrolle capacidades y habilidades. Las asignaturas de aprendizaje de Formación General Universitaria contribuyen de manera importante en la adquisición de la RSU. Dichas asignaturas logran desarrollar en el estudiante una mayor conciencia social, sentido crítico, analítico, participación, reflexivo, amplía su criterio, es propositivo; y en su interrelación con las asignaturas, los contenidos y con la realidad misma, logra que se dé una transformación interna y genera un profesionista con mayores habilidades y capacidades apto para incorporarse al mundo profesional, laboral y, por ende, cambia su perspectiva ante el mundo y su realidad.

Alternativas de ultimação de resíduo plástico termofixo

In the present work it was developed originals alternatives of enveronmentally safe and economically viable destination of thermoset plastic residue from a button factory, which at presnte stores such residue tempor and in a way that is inconvenient to the atmosphere, a waiting safe solutions. As the residue is not recycleab and its burning leberates strongly aggressive gases, safe alternatives were researched. Inicially, ghe residue in incineration was performed in cement ovens with precise control ofe emission of gases, but it was proved inviable due to its low calorific power, as well as the liberation of free lead in the ashes. An original and feasible option was the residue confinemente in soil-ciment blocks, lohich resulted in blocks highly resistant to simple compression with structural block, and also a significant increase in thermal resistence. Was got up other options of original and important composites as: making of blocks for pré-moulded flagstone, internal coating of walls with plaster being obtained good texture results, replenish of ceramic blocks and blocks with cement, also implying in increase of thermal resistance. Besides these original and scientific contributions, the it was technologically contribution of defreadation with suggestions of the material using torch of thermal plasm; for this was projected, built, characterized and tested a torch to it shapes it being obtained exciting results for the development of this technology come back for ending destruction from all the types of inconvenient garbage to the atmosphere

Evaluación de los impactos ambientales de una incineradora de residuos sólidos urbanos con recuperación de energía mediante el análisis de ciclo de vida

La generación de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) se encuentra en continuo aumento y la actividad económica vinculada a los residuos alcanza cada vez mayor importancia. La gestión de los RSU se puede abordar desde dos estrategias básicas: el tratamiento de los residuos producidos, previo vertido o almacenamiento, y la adopción de medidas que eviten o minimicen la eliminación de los mismos. La incineración de residuos está asociada a la primera estrategia, consiguiendo la reducción del volumen de los mismos y en algunos casos el aprovechamiento de su energía. Las incineradoras de RSU son objeto de críticas desde el punto de vista medioambiental, debido a la formación de contaminantes que puedan ser emitidos por estas instalaciones. Para evaluar sus potenciales impactos vamos a utilizar el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) que consiste en una metodológica que determina los potenciales impactos ambientales asociados con un producto o servicio, desde la extracción de la materia prima hasta su disposición final. En este trabajo se realiza, mediante la metodología indicada, el perfil medioambiental de una incineradora de RSU con recuperación de energía, con el fin de poder valorar el impacto ambiental de la instalación. Además se realiza una comparativa de la instalación con y sin recuperación energética para poder evaluar el impacto de dicho proceso. Por otra parte, se proponen mejoras y modificaciones tanto en los procesos como en los materiales utilizados de mayor impacto para reducir su contribución a los impactos medioambientales de la incineradora de RSU.

Avaliação da ecotoxicidade de percolados em áreas de disposição de resíduos na região metropolitana de Natal/RN

Leachates are effluent produced by decomposition of solid waste, they have complex composition and can be highly toxic. Therefore such percolated liquid should be collected and treated properly to avoid environmental contamination of soil and of water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity through ecotoxicological tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera - Crustacea) of percolated liquids generated in two different systems of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in the city of Natal/ RN: A Sanitary Landfill in the Metropolitan Region of Natal/ RN, and in a dump off area. Furthermore, it was evaluated the possible contamination of the underground water of the dump off area. Two monthly samples were taken at four points between the months of May/2009 and January/2010. The Point "A" corresponds to the end of the pond leachate treatment in ASRMN; The Point "B" corresponds to a containment pond at the dump. The Point "C" is an area near one of the cells of the dump off area where the leachate outcrops; The Point "D" stands for an underground water well at the area. The last point, called "E" was sampled only once and corresponds to the slurry produced by temporary accumulation of solid waste in the open area of the dump. The ecotoxicological tests, acute and chronic, followed the ABNT 13373/2005 rules, with some modifications. The samples were characterized by measuring the pH number, the dissolved oxygen (DO), the salinity, BOD5, COD, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, and Zn. At Point A, the average number of EC50-48h ranged between 1.0% and 2.77% (v/v), showing a high toxicity of the leachate to C.dubia in all months. To this point, positive correlations were found between the EC50- 48 with precipitation. Negative correlations were found between the EC50- 48h with salinity. At point B there was no response of the acute exposure of organisms to the test samples. At point C the EC50-48h ranged from 17.68% to 35.36% in just two months of the five ones analyzed, not correlated meaning. Point D, the EC50-48h level ranged between 12.31% and 71.27%, showed a negative correlation with, only, precipitation. Although it was observed toxicity of underground water in the Landfill Area, there was no evidence of water contamination by leachate, however, due to the toxic character of this water, additional tests should be conducted to confirm the quality of water that is used for human supply. At point E there was no acute toxicity. These results support the dangers of inappropriate disposal of MSW to water bodies due to the high toxicity of the leachate produced highlighting the necessity of places of safe confinement and a treatment system more effective to it

Cooperative data scheduling in hybrid vehicular ad hoc networks: VANET as a software defined network

This paper presents the first study on scheduling for cooperative data dissemination in a hybrid infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication environment. We formulate the novel problem of cooperative data scheduling (CDS). Each vehicle informs the road-side unit (RSU) the list of its current neighboring vehicles and the identifiers of the retrieved and newly requested data. The RSU then selects sender and receiver vehicles and corresponding data for V2V communication, while it simultaneously broadcasts a data item to vehicles that are instructed to tune into the I2V channel. The goal is to maximize the number of vehicles that retrieve their requested data. We prove that CDS is NP-hard by constructing a polynomial-time reduction from the Maximum Weighted Independent Set (MWIS) problem. Scheduling decisions are made by transforming CDS to MWIS and using a greedy method to approximately solve MWIS. We build a simulation model based on realistic traffic and communication characteristics and demonstrate the superiority and scalability of the proposed solution. The proposed model and solution, which are based on the centralized scheduler at the RSU, represent the first known vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) implementation of software defined network (SDN) concept.

SEMD: secure and efficient message dissemination with policy enforcement in VANET

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an increasing important paradigm, which not only provides safety enhancement but also improves roadway system efficiency. However, the security issues of data confidentiality, and access control over transmitted messages in VANET have remained to be solved. In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient message dissemination scheme (SEMD) with policy enforcement in VANET, and construct an outsourcing decryption of ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) to provide differentiated access control services, which makes the vehicles delegate most of the decryption computation to nearest roadside unit (RSU). Performance evaluation demonstrates its efficiency in terms of computational complexity, space complexity, and decryption time. Security proof shows that it is secure against replayable choosen-ciphertext attacks (RCCA) in the standard model.

Incidencia de la adopción de los estándares de pacto global, en las instituciones de educación superior en Colombia en los años 2010 - 2015

La presente investigación busca analizar el impacto en los procesos organizacionales de las Instituciones de Educación Superior IES, por la adhesión voluntaria a Pacto Global mediante la verificación del cumplimiento de los principios a nivel documental y práctico. Esta iniciativa encuentra de gran valor la participación de la academia por su aporte a los aspectos críticos en las actividades, su contribución a la investigación, aprendizaje, recursos educativos, a la formación de líderes responsables, entre otros. En ese orden de ideas, el objetivo es conocer cuáles son los beneficios de la adopción de los diez principios relacionados con derechos humanos, estándares laborales, medio ambiente y anticorrupción en las IES, a partir de la revisión de los Comunicados de Progreso (COPs) y/o Comunicados de Involucramientos (COEs), trabajo de campo pertinente a la investigación. En una primera etapa se realizó el diagnóstico, basado en la revisión documental de los informes de cada IES activas en Pacto Global y de la verificación del cumplimiento de los compromisos descritos en los informes a través de las entrevistas realizadas en las IES seleccionadas. La segunda etapa consistió en evaluar en una matriz: el nivel de conocimiento, cumplimiento, motivación y efectividad de los resultados de cada IES. Los resultados obtenidos hacen referencia a la unificación de esfuerzos dentro de la organización, la transferencia del conocimiento, mayor visibilidad en la sociedad, entre otros. En definitiva, la adhesión a Pacto ha permitido que las IES sean organizaciones responsables al servicio de la comunidad educativa y empresarial.

GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE, OURINHOS E ASSIS - SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

Tendo em vista o crescimento das cidades e aumento da população, temos um aumento do consumo, principalmente pelas parcelas da sociedade que possuem maior poder aquisitivo, fato que tem como conseqüência o aumento da quantidade de lixo gerado. Dentre a cadeia de produção, geração e descarte destes materiais têm-se impactos que agridem de maneira direta o meio do qual fazemos parte. Uma das questões colocadas é a da gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), além dos trabalhadores que sobrevivem da separação e venda dos materiais recicláveis. Deste modo, tendo em vista este descompasso imposto pelo capital, que precariza o homem, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar os municípios de Presidente Prudente, Ourinhos e Assis, no que diz respeito à gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, assim como a organização dos catadores em cooperativas ou associações, levando em conta a valorização dos catadores, sendo eles, os responsáveis pela execução de todo o processo de coleta e venda dos resíduos sólidos recicláveis. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizados trabalhos de campo nos municípios, entrevistas com os cooperados e análise junto às prefeituras sobre o modelo de gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos.