Nanostructured giant magneto-impedance multilayers deposited onto flexible substrates for low pressure sensing

Nanostructured FeNi-based multilayers are very suitable for use as magnetic sensors using the giant magneto-impedance effect. New fields of application can be opened with these materials deposited onto flexible substrates. In this work, we compare the performance of samples prepared onto a rigid glass substrate and onto a cyclo olefin copolymer flexible one. Although a significant reduction of the field sensitivity is found due to the increased effect of the stresses generated during preparation, the results are still satisfactory for use as magnetic field sensors in special applications. Moreover, we take advantage of the flexible nature of the substrate to evaluate the pressure dependence of the giant magneto-impedance effect. Sensitivities up to 1 Omega/Pa are found for pressures in the range of 0 to 1 Pa, demostrating the suitability of these nanostructured materials deposited onto flexible substrates to build sensitive pressure sensors.

Estudio comparativo del estado nutricional de dos muestras de jóvenes adultos

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Surface impedance theory for superconductors in large static magnetic fields

A theory of electromagnetic absorption is presented to explain the changes in surface impedance for Pippard superconductors (ξ_o ≫λ) due to large static magnetic fields. The static magnetic field penetrating the metal near the surface induces a momentum dependent potential in Bogolubov's equations. Such a potential modifies a quasiparticle's wavefunction and excitation spectrum. These changes affect the behavior of the surface impedance in a way that in large measure agrees with available observations.

Composição corporal de indivíduos com lesão medular cervical: influência do exercício físico e comparação de métodos

Objetivo: Comparar a composição corporal total e regional e a distribuição de gordura de homens com lesão medular LM cervical fisicamente ativos e não ativos, e sua relação com a concentração de proteína C reativa ultra-sensível (PCR-us). Além disso, identificar um protocolo de impedância bioelétrica (BIA) que forneça resultados de percentual de massa gorda (MG) total concordantes com os obtidos pelo método de referência, absorciometria de dupla emissão de raios-X (DXA). Métodos: Os participantes possuíam lesão medular entre C5-C7 e foram classificados em ativos (n=15) e não ativos (n=10). Consideraram-se ativos os indivíduos que praticavam exercícios físicos há pelo menos três meses, três vezes por semana ou mais, totalizando tempo mínimo de 150 minutos de atividades físicas por semana. A determinação da composição corporal total e regional (braços, pernas e tronco) foi realizada por DXA. A PCR-us foi mensurada por imunoturbidimetria. Os protocolos de BIA testados foram: a) para indivíduos com LM (KOCINA & HEYWARD, 1997); b) para grupos que incluem idosos (GRAY et al 1989); c) validado para idosos brasileiros (DEY et al, 2003). A análise estatística dos dados incluiu ANCOVA para comparar a massa corporal total, composição corporal e PCR-us entre os grupos; e correlação parcial com correção pelo tempo de lesão (TL) para identificar a associação de exercício físico com MG e da PCR-us com exercício físico e MG tronco. A comparação dos resultados de percentual de gordura obtidos por DXA e cada um dos protocolos de BIA foi realizada por ANOVA one way e Dunnet pós teste. A análise de Bland-Altman foi realizada para verificação da concordância entre os métodos testados. Conclusão: O exercício físico praticado de forma contínua e controlada é importante para manter menores valores de MG e evitar acúmulo de gordura na região do tronco. A melhor composição corporal e distribuição de gordura corporal observadas no grupo ativo possivelmente levaram à menor concentração de PCR-us sérica. Juntas, estas adaptações provavelmente contribuíram para a redução dos riscos de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiometabólicas. A semelhança na modificação da composição corporal entre idosos e indivíduos com LM sugere que protocolos de BIA propostos para idosos podem ser adequados para avaliação da composição corporal de indivíduos com lesão medular cervical.

Directional algebraic reconstruction technique for electrical impedance tomography

We assume that the resistance matrix can be found in electrical impedance tomography from the assumption of linear dependence between the voltages and the currents and with the help of the resistance matrix and the transfer impedance between the electrodes, a directional algebraic reconstruction technique is proposed. The goal is to reconstruct the resistivity distribution by weighting the matrices that are obtained by calculating the orthogonal distance of the underlying mesh elements from the neighbouring port resistivity lines. These weighting matrices, which only depend on the topology of the underlying mesh, can be calculated offline and result in a computationally efficient online procedure with a reasonable image reconstruction performance. Simulation results are provided to validate this approach.

Evaluation of bioelectrical impedance analysis and Fulton’s condition factor as nonlethal techniques for estimating short-term responses in postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to food availabili

We evaluated measures of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and Fulton’s condition factor (K) as potential nonlethal indices for detecting short-term changes in nutritional condition of postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish reared in the laboratory for 27 days were fed, fasted, or fasted and then refed. Growth rates and proximate body composition (protein, fat, water) were measured in each fish to evaluate nutritional status and condition. Growth rates of fish responded rapidly to the absence or reintroduction of food, whereas body composition (% wet weight) remained relatively stable owing to isometric growth in fed fish and little loss of body constituents in fasted fish, resulting in nonsignificant differences in body composition among feeding treatments. The utility of BIA and Fulton’s K as condition indices requires differences in body composition. In our study, BIA measures were not significantly different among the three feeding treatments, and only on the final day of sampling was K of fasted vs. fed fish significantly different. BIA measures were correlated with body composition content; however, wet weight was a better predictor of body composition on both a content and concentration (% wet weight) basis. Because fish were growing isometrically, neither BIA nor K was well correlated with growth rate. For immature fish, where growth rate, rather than energy reserves, is a more important indicator of fish condition, a nonlethal index that reflects shortterm changes in growth rate or the potential for growth would be more suitable as a condition index than either BIA measures or Fulton�

Measurements of resistance and reactance in fish with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis: sources of error

New technologies can be riddled with unforeseen sources of error, jeopardizing the validity and application of their advancement. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a new technology in fisheries research that is capable of estimating proximate composition, condition, and energy content in fish quickly, cheaply, and (after calibration) without the need to sacrifice fish. Before BIA can be widely accepted in fisheries science, it is necessary to identify sources of error and determine a means to minimize potential errors with this analysis. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to identify sources of errors within BIA measurements. We concluded that electrode needle location, procedure deviations, user experience, time after death, and temperature can affect resistance and reactance measurements. Sensitivity analyses showed that errors in predictive estimates of composition can be large (>50%) when these errors are experienced. Adherence to a strict protocol can help avoid these sources of error and provide BIA estimates that are both accurate and precise in a field or laboratory setting.