Conselhos gestores em unidades de conservação: caracterização da efetividade na perspectiva dos stakeholders

A participação de atores sociais na governabilidade e na aplicabilidade de políticas públicas no Brasil é tema recorrente em debates da gestão pública (SANTANA, 2011; TENÓRIO, 2002; NASCIMENTO, 1967), e tem sido defendida por organismos de defesa da sustentabilidade e da preservação ambiental como elemento imprescindível para a gestão de territórios naturais (VAN DE KERKHOF, 2006; UICN, 2011; HOCKINGS ET AL, 2006; BRASIL, 2013; ERVIN, 2003a; BRASIL, 2002; 2014). Para a política ambiental em vigência no Brasil, os conselhos gestores de políticas públicas, tradicionais espaços de consulta e controle social das políticas públicas, encontram-se legalmente institucionalizados como fóruns para garantir a participação de atores sociais na gestão das chamadas unidades de conservação, as UCs (BRASIL, 2000; 2002). Entretanto, o respaldo institucional não se traduz por si só em participação social na gestão destes territórios e o cenário é o de um grau reduzido de conselhos gestores em atividade. O presente trabalho assumiu o desafio de identificar os aspectos que caracterizam a efetividade dos conselhos gestores em sua atuação, sob a perspectiva dos atores que integram estes espaços. Para tanto, foi aplicada uma metodologia de caráter exploratório, adotando-se métodos de análise qualitativa a partir da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade. Com o apoio de especialistas em gestão socioambiental, identificou-se conselhos gestores apontados como referências por sua efetividade. E, a partir da perspectiva de especialistas e dos atores que integram tais conselhos gestores em atividade (stakeholders), foi possível compreender variáveis determinantes e fatores como instrumentos e dinâmicas que contribuem para uma atuação efetiva. Concluiu-se que o arcabouço legal e institucional que respalda a existência dos conselhos em unidades de conservação é significativo ao favorecer o envolvimento da sociedade civil, organizações sem fins lucrativos e poder público na gestão de áreas naturais, mas não se traduz por si só em conselhos gestores autônomos e em atividade como fóruns de consulta ou deliberação de questões de interesse para a gestão. Sob a ótica dos stakeholders, a efetividade engloba tanto as ações que geram resultados para a preservação e para o manejo sustentável dos recursos naturais quanto a própria capacidade de existir como um fórum legítimo de debates e de participação social local.

Caracterização da captura incidental de tartarugas marinhas pela pesca de espinhel pelágico no Nordeste do Brasil

The marine turtles biological characteristics and the impact they have been suffering in consequence of human activities have caused in the last decades the decrease of populations to unsustainable levels. All four of the species described in this paper are registered as endangered in a list by IUCN: Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea. The main causes of such impact include several fishing activities, mostly the surface longline. This paper discusses the monitoring of two foreigner longline fleet along the North East Brazilian coast between October of 2004 and September of 2005. Both operated in the West South Atlantic, one using the Chinese technique and the other the American. The American method s target species is the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), and it is characterized by using squid as bait, J 9/0 offset 5º hook, light sticks and night soaking. It also operates in shallower waters than the Chinese method. The source of information about the efforts and the catches came from onboard observers and were used to calculate the catching rate of turtles over 1000 hooks (CPUE). The American equipment caught more turtles (CPUE = 0,059; N= 103), mainly D. coriacea, while the Chinese longline caught mainly the L. olivacea and presented a CPUE= 0,018 (N= 89). The hooks were most frequently found attached to the mouth of C. caretta, C. mydas, and L. olivacea. The D. coriacea were most frequently caught by hooks externally attached to different parts of their body. There was no significant difference between the hook type catching and most turtles were still alive when released. The results suggest a greater potential of turtle catching by the American method. Besides the statistic tests have showed less interaction between the Chinese equipment and marine turtles, the catches of this fishing technique could have been underestimated due to miscommunication between the onboard observer and the vessel s crew plus the retrieve of the longline during night time

Habitat use, reproductive traits and social interactions in a stream-dweller treefrog endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in the marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus Cervidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Illegal trade of the guitarfish Rhinobatos horkelii on the coasts of central and southern Brazil: genetic identification to aid conservation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Three New Species of Salacia from Mesoamerica (Celastraceae, Salacioideae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A New Species of Meliosma (Sabiaceae) from Southeastern Brazil and Notes on the Genus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Historical biogeography and conservation of the golden-striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica) in northwestern Iberia: integrating ecological, phenotypic and phylogeographic data

The golden-striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica) is an endemic species inhabiting stream-side habitats in mountainous areas in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. This salamandrid is listed in the IUCN Red Data Book as a threatened species. The combination of bioclimatic modeling of the species distribution and multivariate analysis of genetic and phenotypic data strengthens previous hypotheses concerning the historical biogeography of C. lusitanica: the Pleistocene subdivision of the species' range and a process of postglacial recolonization. Discrepancies between bioclimatic modeling predictions and the present-day distribution suggest that the species may still be expanding its range northwards. We propose the identification of two distinct units for the conservation of the species and suggest that this information should be taken into account in defining key areas for conservation in the Iberian Peninsula.

Snakes from coastal islands of State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Stomach contents and notes on the reproduction of the Onefin Skate Gurgesiella dorsalifera (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) off Southern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Rediscovered after 77 years: Odontodiaptomus thomseni - a rare species of calanoid (Crustacea: Copepoda) from South America

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A noteworthy new species of Peritassa (Celastraceae, Hippocrateoideae) from Amazonian Brazil

The new species Peritassa Manaoara, Lombardi differs from other species in Peritassa Miers by its unique 3-lobed stigma. The inclusion of this new taxon in Peritassa was based on the characteristics of non-confluent anther locules and the disc free from the ovary wall, which distinguishes this species from Tontelea Aublet, the Only other genus of Neotropical Hippoerateoideae species with a 3-lobed stigma and tubular nectariferous disc.

Three new South American species of Salacia with fasciculate inflorescences (Celastraceae, Hippocrateoideae)

Three new fasciculate flowered species of Salacia L. (Celastraceae, Hippocrateoideae) from the Amazon basin are described: S. acevedoi Lombardi is distinguished by its small flowers, stamens with short filaments, disc connate to ovary, and size of fruits; S. negrensis Lombardi differs by its habit, characteristics and shape of leaves, flower diameter, features and size of stamens, and number of ovules: and S. odorata Lombardi is characterized by its long pedicels, conical flower buds, strongly adherent petals. and flat disc with fimbriate outer border.

Urban areas and isolated remnants of natural habitats: An action proposal for botanical gardens

The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) advocates an increase of the number of botanical gardens throughout the world as one of the measures that can help to preserve the world's biodiversity. To implement this strategy, the present work brings forward a suggestion particularly suited to tropical regions: establishing municipal botanical gardens. It refers to the experience of a newly opened municipal botanical garden in Brazil, comparing its attractive power on visitors to that of other botanical gardens included in the Brazilian network of Botanical Gardens. It also presents considerations on in situ conservation in small remnants and on the importance of urban reserves to preserve the regional biodiversity and spread the conservationist philosophy. The present proposal promotes the participation of local communities making the public opinion more aware and active, besides being able to counterbalance proposals that support protecting the world biodiversity through interventionist actions. It assumes that, through actions planned and coordinated by regional and national botanical garden networks, the measure proposed can mitigate the anthropic actions exerted on important natural reserves all over the world.