Survivances de Sarah Kofman

Cette thèse propose une analyse de la question de la survivance – notion ayant retenu l’attention de penseurs issus de différentes disciplines tels que Janine Altounian, Jacques Derrida et Georges Didi-Huberman – dans l’œuvre de Sarah Kofman, plus particulièrement dans son récit autobiographique intitulé Rue Ordener, rue Labat, paru en 1994. Quatre grandes orientations guident ce travail dont l’approche théorique se situe à la croisée de la littérature, de la philosophie, de la psychanalyse, de l’histoire (tant sociale que de l’art) et du juridique. Premièrement, nous nous intéressons à ce qu’implique non seulement le fait d’« échapper à la mort », en observant les moyens mis en œuvre pour y parvenir, mais aussi celui de « continuer à vivre » après l’événement de la Shoah. Deuxièmement, nous étudions les différentes manifestations de « la survivance active de l’enfant en nous » (J.-B. Pontalis) de même que celle de « l’objet perdu » dans le travail de deuil impossible, encore autrement « interminable », qui a pris corps dans l’œuvre de Sarah Kofman. Troisièmement, nous abordons la « survivance » au sens du Nachleben d’Aby Warburg et repérons la trace des autres écrits de la philosophe, elliptiquement condensés dans son récit par la reprise de thèmes, le retour de sujets antérieurement évoqués. Quatrièmement, nous interrogeons la locution pronominale « se survivre » et la portée de ses compléments : « dans son œuvre », « dans son témoignage », « dans les mémoires ». Parmi les points qui sont analysés en profondeur dans les chapitres de cette thèse, notons les motifs du ressentiment, du double tragique, du pardon et de l’oubli, de la « disgrâce », de la honte et de la culpabilité, ainsi que les différentes modalités de la survivance – la capacité d’adaptation et le rôle des mères, la lecture, le rire, les arts visuels – mises en œuvre par Sarah Kofman. Dans cette « œuvre-vie » (Pleshette DeArmitt), ce corpus singulier et unique, il s’est toujours agi de ceci, quoi qu’il lui en coûta : « affirmer sans cesse la survie », selon l’expression de Derrida.

Los estereotipos judíos europeos en el cine posterior a la Segunda Guerra Mundial como aparato ideológico de representación

El presente trabajo de investigación hace un análisis sobre los estereotipos de los judíos en el cine posterior a la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Esta investigación se realizó a partir de la selección 8 filmes que permiten identificar la noción de Holocausto que ha determinado la construcción de un estereotipo de los judíos europeos que vivieron la Segunda Guerra Mundial, esto ha permitido la formación de imaginarios que a través del cine funcionan como aparato ideológico de representación. Los diferentes usos sociales de la imagen, así como los contextos de inserción de estas, estructuran un discurso que tiene como fin dar continuidad al proyecto educativo y la restauración de la memoria.

Vince malum a bono: la guerra secreta de mossèn Joan Domènech a la Cerdanya (1939-1949)

Sobre la figura de mossèn Joan Domènech que va ajudar a traspassar fronteres a gent que volia escapar de l'infern nazi

Förklaringar till Förintelsen? : En historiedidaktisk studie som undersöker de olika förklaringar till Förintelsen som man kan eventuellt kan finna i ...om detta må ni berätta...

Studien behandlar, den av myndigheten Forum för levande historia utgivna boken …om detta må ni berätta…, av Stéphane Bruchfeld och Paul A. Levine. I studien analyseras olika förklaringar till Förintelsen, som mer explicit eller implicit kan skönjas i texten. Det hela relateras till vad några andra författare och förintelseforskare, beskriver, och kommit till för slutsatser angående de olika förklaringarna dessa representerar, i den av mig utvalda litteraturen. Dessa författare är Zygmunt Bauman och hans bok Auschwitz och det moderna samhället (1989). Yehuda Bauer i boken rethinking the holocaust (2001), Harald Welzer, och hans bok Gärningsmän (2007), slutligen Saul Friedländer och hans bokverk, Förföljelsens år 1933-1939, Utrotningens år 1939-1945. Analysens verktyg består av en indelning i sju, olika förklaringsmodeller, som förekommer och som dessa författare också, representerar eller lyfter fram. Resultatet är slutligen att jag fann den ideologiska förklaringsmodellen framträdande i boken …om detta må ni berätta…, men också beskrivningen av en antisemitism, med rötter långt bak i tiden, är framträdande i denna text. Studien utvisar också att det finns inslag även från andra förklaringsmodeller.

Choice: personal stories about abortion

Abortion has been available in Australia since the early 1970s and several generations of women have freely accessed abortion in that time. And yet it seems that talking openly about it remains one of the last taboos. The program attempts to break through that barrier and, in doing so, contribute to the ongoing debate that continues to surround this highly contentious issue. Director, Don Parham has built the narrative of The Choice around six stories with people from diverse backgrounds and various ages. These people share their most intimate thoughts about what it was like to be suddenly confronted with an unwanted or unplanned pregnancy. Their stories reveal the varied and complex circumstances in which people struggle to work through their options and make, what is, for most, a difficult choice.

O trabalho liberta: a evolução organizacional dos campos de concentração nacional-socialistas: (1933-1945)

Verifica de que maneira o modo específico de sujeição (inserção de indivíduos e grupos e campos de concentração) leva a uma homem como objeto de um novo saber (enunciados sobre os inseridos) e como essa mudança de conteúdo se articula com as transformações ocorridas na sociedade alemã da época

A representação da Segunda Guerra Mundial em um semanário do interior paulista: o Eco (1939-1944)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uma aposta arriscada: o Jornal Meio-Dia e o Nazismo (1939-1942)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caleidoscópio político: as representações do cenário internacional nas páginas do jornal O Estado de São Paulo (1938-1945)

Neste livro pretende-se analisar, por meio dos comentários publicados pelo jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, os rastros deixados pelos colaboradores que, durante os anos de 1938 a 1945, interpretaram os acontecimentos do campo internacional como transformadores da realidade interna. Nesse sentido, não se trata de estudar os fatos que marcaram a Segunda Guerra Mundial, mas sim de demonstrar de que modo os articulistas construíram imagens que se firmaram ao longo do tempo e que destoavam, em grande medida, das diretrizes propugnadas pelo Estado Novo.

Public Monuments and the Development of Siamese Nationalism, 1908-1945

A careful study of Siam's public monuments is the key to understanding the development of the Siamese nation in its formative period, from 1908 to 1945. As Siam's elites attempted to modernize the state in order to compete with the more developed powers of the West, they recognized that nationalism could potentially be used as a force to increase popular unity, consolidate modernization programs, legitimize their own authority, and protect the country from foreign conquest. The problem they faced, however, was how best to communicate nationalism to the people. Different factions throughout this era had their own idea of what it meant to be Siamese, and all of them wanted to control the national image. But literacy in Siam was extremely low, and art too expensive for most individuals to possess. Public political monuments, the focus of this thesis, therefore became the primary means of manifesting and propagating the underlying tenets of the new Siamese nation. Public monuments express the changing imaginings of the Siamese nation in this period of enormous transformations and turbulence, through the motives behind their commissioning, the political messages they convey, and popular reactions to the monuments. Three primary strains of Siamese nationalism emerged during this period: royalist nationalism, republican nationalism, and military nationalism. These three imaginings of the nation continually developed and interacted with each other, but each was particularly dominant at a given time in Siamese history. Monuments of the royalist period (1908-1925) embody the desire of Siam's kings to not only promote national pride amongst the Siamese people, but also advocate an image of nation and king as one. Monuments of the republican period (1925-1939) express the changing and sometimes contradictory events of their times, as they demonstrate new national values based on the sovereignty of the people, the value of the constitution, and the growing power of the military. And monuments of the military period (1939-1945) espouse an assertive and militaristic national image of warfare, patriotism, authority, and vigor. This thesis explores the nationalistic themes expressed in these monuments, and how these themes played out in the course of Siam's wider history.

The Dynamics of the Policies of Ethnic Cleansing in Silesia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

Through studying German, Polish and Czech publications on Silesia, Mr. Kamusella found that most of them, instead of trying to objectively analyse the past, are devoted to proving some essential "Germanness", "Polishness" or "Czechness" of this region. He believes that the terminology and thought-patterns of nationalist ideology are so deeply entrenched in the minds of researchers that they do not consider themselves nationalist. However, he notes that, due to the spread of the results of the latest studies on ethnicity/nationalism (by Gellner, Hobsbawm, Smith, Erikson Buillig, amongst others), German publications on Silesia have become quite objective since the 1980s, and the same process (impeded by under funding) has been taking place in Poland and the Czech Republic since 1989. His own research totals some 500 pages, in English, presented on disc. So what are the traps into which historians have been inclined to fall? There is a tendency for them to treat Silesia as an entity which has existed forever, though Mr. Kamusella points out that it emerged as a region only at the beginning of the 11th century. These same historians speak of Poles, Czechs and Germans in Silesia, though Mr. Kamusella found that before the mid-19th century, identification was with an inhabitant's local area, religion or dynasty. In fact, a German national identity started to be forged in Prussian Silesia only during the Liberation War against Napoleon (1813-1815). It was concretised in 1861 in the form of the first Prussian census, when the language a citizen spoke was equated with his/her nationality. A similar census was carried out in Austrian Silesia only in 1881. The censuses forced the Silesians to choose their nationality despite their multiethnic multicultural identities. It was the active promotion of a German identity in Prussian Silesia, and Vienna's uneasy acceptance of the national identities in Austrian Silesia which stimulated the development of Polish national, Moravian ethnic and Upper Silesian ethnic regional identities in Upper Silesia, and Polish national, Czech national, Moravian ethnic and Silesian ethnic identities in Austrian Silesia. While traditional historians speak of the "nationalist struggle" as though it were a permanent characteristic of Silesia, Mr. Kamusella points out that such a struggle only developed in earnest after 1918. What is more, he shows how it has been conveniently forgotten that, besides the national players, there were also significant ethnic movements of Moravians, Upper Silesians, Silesians and the tutejsi (i.e. those who still chose to identify with their locality). At this point Mr. Kamusella moves into the area of linguistics. While traditionally historians have spoken of the conflicts between the three national languages (German, Polish and Czech), Mr Kamusella reminds us that the standardised forms of these languages, which we choose to dub "national", were developed only in the mid-18th century, after 1869 (when Polish became the official language in Galicia), and after the 1870s (when Czech became the official language in Bohemia). As for standard German, it was only widely promoted in Silesia from the mid 19th century onwards. In fact, the majority of the population of Prussian Upper Silesia and Austrian Silesia were bi- or even multilingual. What is more, the "Polish" and "Czech" Silesians spoke were not the standard languages we know today, but a continuum of West-Slavic dialects in the countryside and a continuum of West-Slavic/German creoles in the urbanised areas. Such was the linguistic confusion that, from time to time, some ethnic/regional and Church activists strove to create a distinctive Upper Silesian/Silesian language on the basis of these dialects/creoles, but their efforts were thwarted by the staunch promotion of standard German, and after 1918, of standard Polish and Czech. Still on the subject of language, Mr. Kamusella draws attention to a problem around the issue of place names and personal names. Polish historians use current Polish versions of the Silesian place names, Czechs use current Polish/Czech versions of the place names, and Germans use the German versions which were in use in Silesia up to 1945. Mr. Kamusella attempted to avoid this, as he sees it, nationalist tendency, by using an appropriate version of a place name for a given period and providing its modern counterpart in parentheses. In the case of modern place names he gives the German version in parentheses. As for the name of historical figures, he strove to use the name entered on the birth certificate of the person involved, and by doing so avoid such confusion as, for instance, surrounds the Austrian Silesian pastor L.J. Sherschnik, who in German became Scherschnick, in Polish, Szersznik, and in Czech, Sersnik. Indeed, the prospective Silesian scholar should, Mr. Kamusella suggests, as well as the three languages directly involved in the area itself, know English and French, since many documents and books on the subject have been published in these languages, and even Latin, when dealing in depth with the period before the mid-19th century. Mr. Kamusella divides the policies of ethnic cleansing into two categories. The first he classifies as soft, meaning that policy is confined to the educational system, army, civil service and the church, and the aim is that everyone learn the language of the dominant group. The second is the group of hard policies, which amount to what is popularly labelled as ethnic cleansing. This category of policy aims at the total assimilation and/or physical liquidation of the non-dominant groups non-congruent with the ideal of homogeneity of a given nation-state. Mr. Kamusella found that soft policies were consciously and systematically employed by Prussia/Germany in Prussian Silesia from the 1860s to 1918, whereas in Austrian Silesia, Vienna quite inconsistently dabbled in them from the 1880s to 1917. In the inter-war period, the emergence of the nation-states of Poland and Czechoslovakia led to full employment of the soft policies and partial employment of the hard ones (curbed by the League of Nations minorities protection system) in Czechoslovakian Silesia, German Upper Silesia and the Polish parts of Upper and Austrian Silesia. In 1939-1945, Berlin started consistently using all the "hard" methods to homogenise Polish and Czechoslovakian Silesia which fell, in their entirety, within the Reich's borders. After World War II Czechoslovakia regained its prewar part of Silesia while Poland was given its prewar section plus almost the whole of the prewar German province. Subsequently, with the active involvement and support of the Soviet Union, Warsaw and Prague expelled the majority of Germans from Silesia in 1945-1948 (there were also instances of the Poles expelling Upper Silesian Czechs/Moravians, and of the Czechs expelling Czech Silesian Poles/pro-Polish Silesians). During the period of communist rule, the same two countries carried out a thorough Polonisation and Czechisation of Silesia, submerging this region into a new, non-historically based administrative division. Democratisation in the wake of the fall of communism, and a gradual retreat from the nationalist ideal of the homogeneous nation-state with a view to possible membership of the European Union, caused the abolition of the "hard" policies and phasing out of the "soft" ones. Consequently, limited revivals of various ethnic/national minorities have been observed in Czech and Polish Silesia, whereas Silesian regionalism has become popular in the westernmost part of Silesia which remained part of Germany. Mr. Kamusella believes it is possible that, with the overcoming of the nation-state discourse in European politics, when the expression of multiethnicity and multilingualism has become the cause of the day in Silesia, regionalism will hold sway in this region, uniting its ethnically/nationally variegated population in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity championed by the European Union.

Leon Tebbetts : an artist who chose to be forgotten

This paper will focus on Leon Tebbetts’ time in the United States Army Air Corps as an artist for Special Services. It will demonstrate how a combination of personal associations and psychological factors, including Hartley’s death, contributed to Tebbetts’ decision to abandon painting, with the result that this World War II muralist has been almost entirely forgotten.

The 84th infantry division in the battle of Germany, November 1944-May 1945,

"First published ... in May 1946."

The Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945.

"The first to appear in a special series of Foreign Relations volumes on World War II."