Dificuldades na comunicação entre pessoas com deficiência auditiva e profissionais de saúde: uma questão de saúde pública

OBJETIVO: Descrever a ocorrência de relatos de pessoas com deficiência auditiva e múltipla (auditiva e visual e/ou mobilidade) quanto às dificuldades para ouvir e entender profissionais de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito de saúde, realizado com sujeitos selecionados a partir de outros dois estudos de base populacional. A coleta dos dados ocorreu de forma domiciliar, por meio de entrevistas realizadas por entrevistadores treinados, em São Paulo e região. Foram coletadas informações sobre a dificuldade de ouvir e entender o que os profissionais de saúde disseram no último serviço de saúde usado, além de dados demográficos (idade, gênero e raça), econômicos (renda do chefe da família), tipo de serviço de saúde procurado, uso de plano privado de saúde e necessidade de auxílio para ir ao serviço de saúde. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 35% relataram problemas para ouvir e entender os profissionais de saúde no último serviço visitado; 30,6% (IC95%: 23,4-37,8) para entender os médicos; 18,1% (IC95%: 12,0-24,1) para entender as enfermeiras; e 21,2% (IC95%: 14,8-27,6) para entender os outros funcionários. Não houve diferenças quando se considerou as variáveis demográficas, a necessidade de auxílio para tomar banho e se vestir, comer, levantar-se e/ou andar, possuir ou não plano privado de saúde e tipo de serviço de saúde visitado. CONCLUSÃO: Do total de pessoas entrevistadas, 35% relataram problemas para ouvir e entender o que foi dito por profissionais de saúde. Do total que relatou alguma dificuldade, 34,74% tinham deficiência auditiva e 35,38% deficiência múltipla.

Case Study of an Ergonomics Training Program for Nursing Home Workers

This paper describes a case study of a labor-based ergonomics-training program that makes use of some effective worker training methods. The program focus was on ergonomics awareness and back injury prevention for nursing home workers. It was developed and conducted by a not-for-profit organization affiliated with the Service Employees International Union. Training methods included the train-the-trainer model and the small group activity method. The investigation also compared the program components with those identified by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as being key elements in effective safety training.

An international assessment of the comprehensibility of material safety data sheets (MSDSs)

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) are an integral component of occupational hazard communication systems. These documents are used to disseminate hazard information to workers on chemical substances. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the comprehensibility of MSDSs by workers at an international level. ^ A total of 117 employees of a multi-national petrochemical company participated; thirty-nine (39) each in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Overall participation rate of those approached to participate was 82%. These countries were selected as they each utilize one of the three major existing hazard communication systems for fixed workplaces. The systems are comprised of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard in the United States, the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) in Canada, and the compilation of several European Union directives addressing classification, labeling of substances and preparations, and MSDSs in Europe. ^ A pretest posttest randomized study design was used, with the posttest being comparable to an open book test. The results of this research indicated that only about two-thirds of the information on the MSDSs was comprehended by the workers with a significant difference identified among study participants based on country comparisons. This data was fairly consistent with the results of previous MSDS comprehensibility studies conducted in the United States. There was no significant difference in the comprehension level among study participants when taking into account the international hazard communication standard that the MSDS complied with. Marginally, age, education level and experience level did not have a significant impact on the comprehension level. ^ Participants did find MSDSs to be satisfactory in providing the information needed to protect them regardless of their views on the readability and formatting of MSDSs. The health-related information was the least comprehended as less than half of it was comprehended on the basis of the responses. The findings from this research suggest that there is much work needed yet to make MSDSs more comprehensible on a global basis, particularly regarding health-related information. ^

An assessment of post-disaster psychological stress in hazardous waste operations and emergency response (HAZWOPER) workers

Personnel involved in natural or man-made disaster response and recovery efforts may be exposed to a wide variety of physical and mental stressors that can exhibit long-lasting and detrimental psychopathological outcomes. In a disaster situation, huge numbers of "secondary" responders can be involved in contaminant clean-up and debris removal and can be at risk of developing stress-related mental health outcomes. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) worker training hierarchy typically required for response workers, known as "Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response" (HAZWOPER), does not address the mental health and safety concerns of workers. This study focused on the prevalence of traumatic stress experienced by secondary responders that had received or expressed interest in receiving HAZWOPER training through the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Worker Education and Training Program (NIEHS WETP). ^ The study involved the modification of two preexisting and validated survey tools to assess secondary responder awareness of physical, mental, and traumatic stressors on mental health and sought to determine if a need existed to include traumatic stress-related mental health education in the current HAZWOPER training regimen. The study evaluated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resiliency, mental distress, and negative effects within a secondary responder population of 176 respondents. Elevated PTSD levels were seen in the study population as compared to a general responder population (32.9% positive vs. 8%-22.5% positive). Results indicated that HAZWOPER-trained disaster responders were likely to test positive for PTSD, whereas, untrained responders with no disaster experience and responders who possessed either training or disaster experience only were likely to test PTSD negative. A majority (68.75%) of the population tested below the mean resiliency to cope score (80.4) of the average worker population. Results indicated that those who were trained only or who possessed both training and disaster work experience were more likely to have lower resiliency scores than those with no training or experience. There were direct correlations between being PTSD positive and having worked at a disaster site and experiencing mental distress and negative effects. However, HAZWOPER training status does not significantly correlate with mental distress or negative effect. ^ The survey indicated clear support (91% of respondents) for mental health education. The development of a pre- and post-deployment training module is recommended. Such training could provide responders with the necessary knowledge and skills to recognize the symptomology of PTSD, mental stressors, and physical and traumatic stressors, thus empowering them to employ protective strategies or seek professional help if needed. It is further recommended that pre-deployment mental health education be included in the current HAZWOPER 24- and 40-hour course curriculums, as well as, consideration be given towards integrating a stand-alone post-deployment mental health education training course into the current HAZWOPER hierarchy.^

Interferencias políticas e interinstitucionales al proyecto de centralización de la administración sanitaria nacional (1943-1945)

El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en las razones de los cambios que se operan en la estructura administrativa sanitaria nacional entre 1943 y 1945. Si bien la creación de la Dirección Nacional de Salud y Acción Social en 1943 responde a una larga demanda de los círculos académicos de centralización administrativa y de unificación de las funciones sanitarias y asistenciales, la corta duración del proyecto (menos de un año) expone consideraciones por afuera de la lógica administrativa. Analizamos aquellas que se vinculan con la complicada relación entre la repartición nacional con los gobiernos provinciales y las organizaciones de beneficencia, con la injerencia del gremialismo médico en el delineamiento de las políticas sanitarias y con el ascendiente de Juan Domingo Perón desde la Secretaría de Trabajo y Bienestar Social en la monopolización de la asistencia social como capital político.

Interferencias políticas e interinstitucionales al proyecto de centralización de la administración sanitaria nacional (1943-1945)

El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en las razones de los cambios que se operan en la estructura administrativa sanitaria nacional entre 1943 y 1945. Si bien la creación de la Dirección Nacional de Salud y Acción Social en 1943 responde a una larga demanda de los círculos académicos de centralización administrativa y de unificación de las funciones sanitarias y asistenciales, la corta duración del proyecto (menos de un año) expone consideraciones por afuera de la lógica administrativa. Analizamos aquellas que se vinculan con la complicada relación entre la repartición nacional con los gobiernos provinciales y las organizaciones de beneficencia, con la injerencia del gremialismo médico en el delineamiento de las políticas sanitarias y con el ascendiente de Juan Domingo Perón desde la Secretaría de Trabajo y Bienestar Social en la monopolización de la asistencia social como capital político.

Interferencias políticas e interinstitucionales al proyecto de centralización de la administración sanitaria nacional (1943-1945)

El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en las razones de los cambios que se operan en la estructura administrativa sanitaria nacional entre 1943 y 1945. Si bien la creación de la Dirección Nacional de Salud y Acción Social en 1943 responde a una larga demanda de los círculos académicos de centralización administrativa y de unificación de las funciones sanitarias y asistenciales, la corta duración del proyecto (menos de un año) expone consideraciones por afuera de la lógica administrativa. Analizamos aquellas que se vinculan con la complicada relación entre la repartición nacional con los gobiernos provinciales y las organizaciones de beneficencia, con la injerencia del gremialismo médico en el delineamiento de las políticas sanitarias y con el ascendiente de Juan Domingo Perón desde la Secretaría de Trabajo y Bienestar Social en la monopolización de la asistencia social como capital político.

Actas de la Conferencia Nacional Hispana sobre Alcoholismo, auspiciada por el Instituto Nacional sobre Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo, 7-10 de septiembre de 1980, San Antonio, Texas.

Cover title: El alcoholismo y los hispanos : una preocupación nacional.

A Guide to multicultural drug abuse prevention.

Description based on 2.

Multicultural perspectives on drug abuse and its prevention : a resource book /

Includes bibliographies.

Proceedings of the National Hispanic Conference on Alcoholism, sponsored by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, September 7-10, 1980, San Antonio, Texas.

Cover title: Alcoholism and the Hispanic, a mutual concern.

State plan profiles, 1979-1980.

Mode of access: Internet.

Medicare coverage for the treatment of alcoholism : excerpts.

"Excerpts from DHEW's September, 1978 report to Congress required by P.L. 95-210 on The Advantages and disadvantages of extending medicare coverage to Mental Health, Alcohol, and Drug Abuse Centers"--P. [2] of cover.

Alcoholism treatment programs within prepaid group practice HMO's : a final report /

"May 1982."

Development of cost simulation study of alcoholism insurance benefit packages : executive summary.

"May 1983."