Mrs. Hemming Hartikka 18/4 1961

Kirje 18.4.1961

Rouva Anna Kiukkanen 1/2 1957

Kirje

Fru Anna Kiukkanen 1.2.1957 Helsingfors

Kirje

An in vivo ultrahigh field 14.1 T (1) H-MRS study on 6-OHDA and α-synuclein-based rat models of Parkinson's disease: GABA as an early disease marker.

The detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) in its preclinical stages prior to outright neurodegeneration is essential to the development of neuroprotective therapies and could reduce the number of misdiagnosed patients. However, early diagnosis is currently hampered by lack of reliable biomarkers. (1) H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a noninvasive measure of brain metabolite levels that allows the identification of such potential biomarkers. This study aimed at using MRS on an ultrahigh field 14.1 T magnet to explore the striatal metabolic changes occurring in two different rat models of the disease. Rats lesioned by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the medial-forebrain bundle were used to model a complete nigrostriatal lesion while a genetic model based on the nigral injection of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector coding for the human α-synuclein was used to model a progressive neurodegeneration and dopaminergic neuron dysfunction, thereby replicating conditions closer to early pathological stages of PD. MRS measurements in the striatum of the 6-OHDA rats revealed significant decreases in glutamate and N-acetyl-aspartate levels and a significant increase in GABA level in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the contralateral one, while the αSyn overexpressing rats showed a significant increase in the GABA striatal level only. Therefore, we conclude that MRS measurements of striatal GABA levels could allow for the detection of early nigrostriatal defects prior to outright neurodegeneration and, as such, offers great potential as a sensitive biomarker of presymptomatic PD.

Reaudit report on Harrison County for the period July 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006

Reaudit report on Harrison County for the period July 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006

Carte de la France / dressée par Mrs Charle et L. Badré,... ; sous la direction de Mr Letronne,...

Échelle(s) : 1:800 000

« Recueil d'anecdotes et autres objets curieux relatifs à l'histoire de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denys en France ; pour faire suite à l'histoire de D. Félibien, par Albert GAUTHIER, organiste de ladite abbaye. (1775-1801).

Manuscrit autographe.

« Grand livre n° 2 du vaisseau le Superbe, 1774-1775 ».

Provient des Archives nationales, MM. 1054

Diffusion-weighted spectroscopy: a novel approach to determine macromolecule resonances in short-echo time 1H-MRS.

Quantification of short-echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy results in >18 metabolite concentrations (neurochemical profile). Their quantification accuracy depends on the assessment of the contribution of macromolecule (MM) resonances, previously experimentally achieved by exploiting the several fold difference in T(1). To minimize effects of heterogeneities in metabolites T(1), the aim of the study was to assess MM signal contributions by combining inversion recovery (IR) and diffusion-weighted proton spectroscopy at high-magnetic field (14.1 T) and short echo time (= 8 msec) in the rat brain. IR combined with diffusion weighting experiments (with δ/Δ = 1.5/200 msec and b-value = 11.8 msec/μm(2)) showed that the metabolite nulled spectrum (inversion time = 740 msec) was affected by residuals attributed to creatine, inositol, taurine, choline, N-acetylaspartate as well as glutamine and glutamate. While the metabolite residuals were significantly attenuated by 50%, the MM signals were almost not affected (< 8%). The combination of metabolite-nulled IR spectra with diffusion weighting allows a specific characterization of MM resonances with minimal metabolite signal contributions and is expected to lead to a more precise quantification of the neurochemical profile.

Mrs. Ada E. North, 2002

Brief history of Mrs. Ada E. North, seventh State Librarian for the state of Iowa,; served from 1871-1878. Founder of Iowa Library Association.