Physikalisch-chemische Untersuchungen über die Athmungen der Gewächse und deren Einfluss auf die gemeine Luft /

Includes bibliographical references.

Natural Science

Southeast corner of building. Albert Kahn, architect. Irwin & Leighton, contractors. Construction 1914-1915. Building named for Edward H. Kraus.

New Science Bldg. and cor [corner] Chemistry Bldg.

From southeast. Chemistry building on right. Albert Kahn, architect. Irwin & Leighton, contractors. Construction 1914-1915. Building named for Edward H. Kraus. On verso: Please return to J. T. Gleason, New York. Also: G.R. Swain, 713 East University Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich. #5940

Natural Science Bldg.

Southeast corner of building. Albert Kahn, architect. Irwin & Leighton, contractors. Construction 1914-1915. Building named for Edward H. Kraus.

Reacciones y protestas de agricultores e inmigrantes en El Ejido : Un municipio español inserto en las dinámicas de la globalización

El Ejido es una ciudad del sudeste español que ha pasado de ser una pequeña aldea dedicada a la agricultura de subsistencia, a principios de 1960, a tener en 2015 más de 85.000 habitantes. Este cambio se debe al desarrollo de una economía de invernaderos muy próspera que hoy está totalmente inserta en las dinámicas de la globalización. Tales dinámicas han ocasionado efectos contradictorios y han suscitado reacciones y/o formas de protesta diferentes en los dos principales actores sociales de El Ejido (los agricultores y los inmigrantes), entre los que se observan profundas asimetrías socioeconómicas y relaciones de explotación laboral. Como consecuencia, los inmigrantes y los agricultores viven en dos mundos sociales completamente diferentes y tienen percepciones y actitudes opuestas sobre la realidad, las cuales, a su vez, afectan a sus respectivas posibilidades y modos de reacción y/o de protesta

Modelling and experimental verification of a solar-powered liquid desiccant cooling system for greenhouse food production in hot climates

Experiments and theoretical modelling have been carried out to predict the performance of a solar-powered liquid desiccant cooling system for greenhouses. We have tested two components of the system in the laboratory using MgCl2 desiccant: (i) a regenerator which was tested under a solar simulator and (ii) a desiccator which was installed in a test duct. Theoretical models have been developed for both regenerator and desiccator and gave good agreement with the experiments. The verified computer model is used to predict the performance of the whole system during the hot summer months in Mumbai, Chittagong, Muscat, Messina and Havana. Taking examples of temperate, sub-tropical, tropical and heat-tolerant tropical crops (lettuce, soya bean, tomato and cucumber respectively) we estimate the extensions in growing seasons enabled by the system. Compared to conventional evaporative cooling, the desiccant system lowers average daily maximum temperatures in the hot season by 5.5-7.5 °C, sufficient to maintain viable growing conditions for lettuce throughout the year. In the case of tomato, cucumber and soya bean the system enables optimal cultivation through most summer months. It is concluded that the concept is technically viable and deserves testing by means of a pilot installation at an appropriate location.

Equipo para disposición del plástico de cubierta de invernaderos

Equipo para disposición del plástico de cubierta de invernaderos. Este mecaniza las labores de disposición del film de plástico de cubierta de invernaderos multitúnel. Comprende el uso coordinado de una plataforma (P) y un equipo cambiador (EC). La plataforma (P) está provista de un sistema devanador-desplegador que abastece de film plástico al equipo cambiador (EC), empleándose para la extensión, tensado y fijación del plástico. La plataforma (P) se compone de un doble bastidor rectangular (1) articulado linealmente en su zona central mediante barras extensibles con mecanismo de bloqueo (2).A la estructura base, se acopla un torno devanador inferior (10), un torno devanador-desplegador superior (5) y, en ambos laterales, escaleras fijas (6), polipastos (7), barandillas de seguridad desmontables (8) y barandillas de seguridad fijas (9). El equipo cambiador (EC) se compone de un doble pórtico curvo (11) enlazado mediante peldañeado (12), que descansa sobre parejas de ruedas de rodadura (14).

Método de instalación del film plástico de cubierta para invernaderos

Método de instalación del film plástico de cubierta para invernaderos. La presente invención pretende aumentar la seguridad laboral en las labores de renovación del film plástico con su mecanización. El método contempla el empleo simultáneo de una plataforma y un equipo cambiador de plástico. La plataforma portará un rodillo devanador (1) donde se dispondrá la bobina de film plástico (2) y otro superior (3) que facilitará el devanado y desplegado del film. Como base de trabajo se empleará el equipo cambiador, que se adaptará perfectamente a la fisonomía de cubierta, de tal forma que se podrá emplear como base de apoyo para efectuar el conjunto de las labores que implica la renovación del film plástico, previas, de extendido y, posteriores, de tensado y fijación a la estructura metálica.

Método de determinación de estado de materiales de cubierta de invernaderos

Método de determinación de estado de materiales de cubierta de invernaderos. Se describe un método que permite realizar una estimación y predicción del estado de un film plástico utilizado como cubierta de invernadero bien para poder así evaluar la necesidad de restitución de las cubiertas o bien como herramienta de diseño previa a la construcción de invernaderos.

Equipo Autónomo para el encalado de cubiertas de invernaderos industriales

Equipo autónomo para el encalado de cubierta de invernaderos industriales. El equipo de encalado comprende un bastidor en V capaz de adaptar sus dimensiones a las diferentes luces que presentan los invernaderos industriales. El bastidor sienta en cada extremo sobre pareja de ruedas de rodadura (5). Asimismo, incorpora un sistema de pulverización constituido por: depósitos de abastecimiento (6), equipo de presión y las correspondientes barras de tratamiento (7). El sistema de barras de tratamiento (8) se encuentra suspendido sobre el bastidor de pórtico, siendo regulables en altura, pudiendo así adaptarse a las diferentes geometrías de invernadero industrial existentes.

Vegetables production in NW Portugal, agriculture practices and groundwater quality

In NW of Portugal, the region between Esposende and Vila do Conde was established into a unique system called masseiras; masseiras are small fields that were created at the beginning of XX century by removing sand from dunes. Since the 80’s sand between closed masseiras has been removed giving way for larger fields, the “enlarged masseira with greenhouses���. This region is part of vulnerable zone nº1 (VZ1). Nowadays, the masseiras have almost disappeared; they had been replaced by “enlarged masseiras with plastic greenhouses��� exploited by a new generation of growers. As water quality is an indicator of agriculture practices, 8 wells were selected and water samples were collected on four dates from September 2009 to May 2010. Laboratorial analysis was performed on nitrates and 28 pesticides. The results confirm that water in VZ1 is contaminated with nitrates (as it was expected) and also with pesticides. The water was contaminated in both dug wells and drilled wells all year round. Masseiras’ wells have more nitrates than greenhouses��� wells, probably due to poor agricultural practices used by growers who still employ high quantities of fertilizers and water. Pesticides detected in water samples include some that have been sprayed in the field and others that have not. Some forbidden substances were found. Our results confirm that, in VZ1, there is a diffusion contamination, which origin is unknown. In this communication, we put in picture the history of masseiras fields: how masseiras fields have been created and how they have disappeared; what trends exist in pest management strategies and the use of fertilizers, pesticides and water resources. These results reinforce the need to change the agricultural system in this region of traditional vegetable production.

Transcriptome, carbohydrate, and phytohormone analysis of Petunia hybrida reveals a complex disturbance of plant functional integrity under mild chilling stress

Cultivation of chilling-tolerant ornamental crops at lower temperature could reduce the energy demands of heated greenhouses. To provide a better understanding of how sub-optimal temperatures (12 degrees C vs. 16 degrees C) affect growth of the sensitive Petunia hybrida cultivar 'SweetSunshine Williams', the transcriptome, carbohydrate metabolism, and phytohormone homeostasis were monitored in aerial plant parts over 4 weeks by use of a microarray, enzymatic assays and GC-MS/MS. The data revealed three consecutive phases of chilling response. The first days were marked by a strong accumulation of sugars, particularly in source leaves, preferential up-regulation of genes in the same tissue and down-regulation of several genes in the shoot apex, especially those involved in the abiotic stress response. The midterm phase featured a partial normalization of carbohydrate levels and gene expression. After 3 weeks of chilling exposure, a new stabilized balance was established. Reduced hexose levels in the shoot apex, reduced ratios of sugar levels between the apex and source leaves and a higher apical sucrose/hexose ratio, associated with decreased activity and expression of cell wall invertase, indicate that prolonged chilling induced sugar accumulation in source leaves at the expense of reduced sugar transport to and reduced sucrose utilization in the shoot. This was associated with reduced levels of indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid in the apex and high numbers of differentially, particularly up-regulated genes, especially in the source leaves, including those regulating histones, ethylene action, transcription factors, and a jasmonate-ZIM-domain protein. Transcripts of one Jumonji C domain containing protein and one expansin accumulated in source leaves throughout the chilling period. The results reveal a dynamic and complex disturbance of plant function in response to mild chilling, opening new perspectives for the comparative analysis of differently tolerant cultivars.

Los jardines "pintados" de Émile Zola, lugares de encuentro entre literatura y arte

The thesis here presented, entitled “PAINTED” GARDENS BY ÉMILE ZOLA, MEETING PLACES OF LITERATURE AND ART, aims to analyze the treatment of the theme of garden in La Curée, the second of the twenty novels that make up the cycle of Les Rougon-Macquart, series published between 1871 and 1893. In this story, the author, an ardent republican, bluntly attacks the imperial regime, emphasizing the confusion of high society, the immorality of speculation occurred under the Haussmann's renovation of Paris, the profusion of luxury and pleasure, and, in short, a dynamism geared exclusively to the sense of destruction or perversion. Hence we have devoted an entire chapter to argue the presentation of this novel as a chronicle of Parisian society of the Second Empire. Also, because reading Zola is to recognize the profusion of metaphorical language, the analysis of the poetic discourse has played an important role in the body of this thesis. This analysis focuses on the two major descriptions of the greenhouse of hôtel Saccard, in chapters I and IV, both aiming to present this garden as a disturbing space, favorable to the discovery of unsuspected amorous capabilities, according to the mentality of the nineteenth century, so full of puritan principles, for which the tropical world of greenhouses meant a sexual freedom which did not understand bans or limitations. The sexual corruption that occurs in this greenhouse, is not only indicative of moral laxity in personal relationships, but also works as a symbolic image of decay and breakdown of society as a whole...

Estudos bioecológicos da mosca mineira Liriomyza (diptera: agromyzidae) e dos seus parasitóides, em culturas protegidas, no Algarve

Tese de dout. em Ciências Agrárias, especialidade Protecção de Plantas, Faculdade de Engenharia e Recursos Naturais, Univ. do Algarve, 2001

Biogeochemical Cycling in a Headwater Stream and Riparian Zone

Several teams of researchers at multiple universities are currently measuring annual and seasonal fluxes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouses gases (nitrous oxide and methane) in riparian wetlands and upland forests in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (TCEF), a subalpine watershed in the Little Belt Mountains, Montana. In the current thesis, the author characterized the geochemistry and stable carbon isotope composition of shallow groundwater, soil water, and stream water in upper Stringer Creek, near sites that are being investigated for gas chemistry and microbial studies. It was hypothesized that if methanogenesis were a dominant process in the riparian wetlands of upper Stringer Creek, then this should impart a characteristic signal in the measured stable isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in shallow groundwater. For the most part, the major solute composition of shallow groundwater in upper Stringer Creek was similar to that of the stream. However, several wells completed in wetland soil had highly elevated concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ which were absent in the well-oxygenated surface water. Use of sediment pore-water samplers (peepers) demonstrated a rapid increase in Fe2+ and Mn2+ with depth, most feasibly explained by microbial reduction of Fe- and Mn-oxide minerals. In general, the pH of shallow groundwater was lower than that of the stream. Since concentrations of CO2 in the groundwater samples were consistently greater than atmospheric pCO2, exchange of CO2 gas across the stream/air interface occurred in one direction, from stream to air. Evasion of CO2 partly explains the higher pH values in the stream. Microbial processes involving breakdown of organic carbon, including aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and methanogenesis, explain the occurrence of excess CO2 in the groundwater. In general, the isotopic composition of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) decreased with increasing DIC concentration, consistent with aerobic and/or anaerobic respiration being the dominant metabolic process in shallow groundwater. However, a minority of wells contained high DIC concentrations that were anomalously heavy in u13C, and these same wells had elevated concentrations of dissolved methane. It is concluded that the wells with isotopically-heavier DIC have likely been influenced by acetoclastic methanogenesis. Results from shallow groundwater wells and one of the peeper samplers suggest a possible link between methanogenesis and bacterial iron reduction.