Efecto del nivel de la proteína bruta del pienso y del peso inicial de las pollitas sobre los parámetros productivos y la calidad del huevo en gallinas ponedoras rubias

Las aves, al igual que el resto de animales monogástricos no precisan de un nivel de proteína bruta (PB) en el pienso sino de niveles adecuados de aminoácidos (AA) indispensables (Keshavarz and Austic, 2004; Junqueira et al., 2006; Novak et al., 2006). Sin embargo, en la práctica es frecuente que los nutricionistas soliciten niveles de PB en exceso de lo recomendado por el NRC (1999) o FEDNA (2008). De hecho, muchos nutricionistas formulan piensos para inicio de puesta en gallinas rubias con más de 18.5% PB, cuando niveles de 16.5% PB podrían ser adecuados. La razón de utilizar niveles altos de PB es desconocido pero podría estar relacionado con el mayor margen de seguridad lo que evitaría que un aminoácido (AA) indispensable no contemplado afecte al tamaño del huevo y a la productividad. Por contra, un nivel alto de PB aumenta el precio del pienso cuando el coste de las fuentes proteicas es elevado. La inclusión de grasa en el pienso mejora el tamaño del mismo y puede mejorar el peso vivo de las aves (FEDNA, 2008). Un problema de la industria productora de huevos es el relacionado con el peso inicial de las pollitas y su influencia sobre las diversas variables productivas. El PV de las aves podría verse afectado por las características del pienso. El objetivo de este ensayo fue estudiar la influencia del nivel proteico de piensos isonutritivos en relación con la EMAn y los aminoácidos indispensables, sobre la productividad en gallinas rubias.

Influencia de la fuente y el nivel de glicerina cruda en el pienso sobre los paráemtros productivos en pollos de 1 a 21 días de edad.

Las cantidades de grasas y aceites destinadas a la producción de biodiesel han aumentado en los últimos años a nivel mundial (National Biodiesel Board, 2012). La glicerina cruda (Gly) es un subproducto de la industria del biodiesel que contiene cantidades variables de humedad, cenizas y glicerol. La Gly es una fuente atractiva de energía que se utiliza actualmente como sustituto parcial del grano de cereal en dietas para avicultura y otras especies domésticas (Swiatkiewicz y Koreleski, 2009). Se estima que el nivel máximo de Gly a utilizar en piensos para broilers varía entre 5 y 10% (Cerrate et al., 2006). A estos niveles de inclusión, la Gly no presenta efecto negativo alguno sobre la salud o los parámetros productivos de las aves. Sin embargo, la calidad de las Gly comerciales varía en función de su origen, composición y proceso de obtención. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la fuente y el nivel de glicerina cruda en el pienso sobre el rendimiento productivo en pollos de engorde de 1 a 21 días de edad.

Influência da distância de fotopolimerização e da glicerina na estabilidade da cor das resinas compostas

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Felicidade interna bruta – fib: uma alternativa para medir o bem-estar da população Rio Grandina

O presente trabalho faz uma análise dos indicadores sociais e econômicos do município do Rio Grande a fim de avaliar se os atuais indicadores utilizados são suficientes para exprimir o nível de bem estar do município, assim como apresenta o índice de Felicidade Interna Bruta (FIB) como alternativa complementar aos indicadores já existentes, com o objetivo de não só medir desenvolvimento, mas também o bem-estar da população. A metodologia deste trabalho envolveu uma pesquisa teórica sobre crescimento e desenvolvimento, sobre os principais indicadores sócio-econômicos utilizados atualmente, assim como uma pesquisa exploratória dos indicadores do município do Rio Grande (População, PIB, PIB per capita, IDHM e IDESE) e uma comparação desses principais índices com os índices de outros municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A conclusão do presente trabalho é que, assim como as críticas já existentes às limitações dos atuais indicadores, para o município do Rio Grande, apenas os indicadores já utilizados não são capazes de exprimir o nível de desenvolvimento do município, numa visão mais ampla, que contemple o bem-estar da população, pois há uma discrepância muito grande entre o PIB e o IDHM, sendo assim, a utilização de um índice alternativo, como o FIB, que compreende um número maior de variáveis e considera a opinião da população, surge como uma alternativa eficiente para a medição do bem-estar, assim como possibilita identificar quais são os fatores que são considerados importantes para tal e possibilita a geração de políticas publicas e privadas para a conquista de tal objetivo.

Estudio comparativo de la eficiencia reproductiva de bovinos Holstein antes y después de la suplementación con glicerina cruda

Tesis (Médico Veterinario). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria, 2014

Análise do desempenho de um queimador infravermelho funcionando com gás liquefeito de petróleo e glicerina

The use of infrared burners in industrial applications has many advantages in terms of technical-operational, for example, uniformity in the heat supply in the form of radiation and convection, with greater control of emissions due to the passage of exhaust gases through a macro-porous ceramic bed. This paper presents an infrared burner commercial, which was adapted an experimental ejector, capable of promoting a mixture of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and glycerin. By varying the percentage of dual-fuel, it was evaluated the performance of the infrared burner by performing an energy balance and atmospheric emissions. It was introduced a temperature controller with thermocouple modulating two-stage (low heat / high heat), using solenoid valves for each fuel. The infrared burner has been tested and tests by varying the amount of glycerin inserted by a gravity feed system. The method of thermodynamic analysis to estimate the load was used an aluminum plate located at the exit of combustion gases and the distribution of temperatures measured by a data acquisition system which recorded real-time measurements of the thermocouples attached. The burner had a stable combustion at levels of 15, 20 and 25% of adding glycerin in mass ratio of LPG gas, increasing the supply of heat to the plate. According to data obtained showed that there was an improvement in the efficiency of the 1st Law of infrared burner with increasing addition of glycerin. The emission levels of greenhouse gases produced by combustion (CO, NOx, SO2 and HC) met the environmental limits set by resolution No. 382/2006 of CONAMA

Uso da glicerina oriunda da síntese do biodiesel em sistemas microemulsionados visando aplicação de herbicidas

The program PROBIODIESEL from the Ministry of Science and Technology has substantially increased glycerine, obtained as a sub-product of biodiesel production process, making it necessary to seek alternatives for the use of this co-product. On the other hand, herbicides although play a role of fundamental importance in the agricultural production system in force, have been under growing concern among the various segments of society because of their potential environmental risk. In this work, we used glycerin in microemulsion systems for application of herbicides, to improve efficiency and lower environmental pollution caused by the loss of those products to the environment. To obtain the systems of microemulsinados were used Unitol L90 NP and Renex 40 as surfactants, butanol as co-surfactant, coconut oil as oil phase and aqueous phase as we used solutions of glycerin + water. Through the determination of phase diagrams, the microemulsion region was found in the system E (L90 Unitol, coconut oil and glycerin + water 1:1). Three points were chosen to the aqueous phase rich in characterization and application in the solubilization of glyphosate and atrazine. Three experiments were performed in Horta, Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Science Sector, UFERSA, Mossoró-RN. The first experiment was conducted in randomized complete blocks with 20 treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of five doses of the herbicide glyphosate (0.0, 0.45, 0.9, 1.35 and 1.8 L ha-1) diluted with four sauces: C1, C2, C3 (microemulsions) and C4 (water). The phytotoxicity of Brachiaria brizantha was measured at 7, 14, 28 and 60 DAA (days after application). At 60 DAA, we evaluated the biomass of plants. The second experiment was developed in randomized complete blocks with 20 treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of five doses of the herbicide atrazine (0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4 L ha-1) diluted with four sauces: C1, C2, C3 (microemulsions) and C4 (water). The phytotoxicity on Zea mays and Talinum paniculatum was evaluated at 2, 7, 20 DAA. The experiment III was developed in randomized complete blocks with 16 treatments and three repetitions. The treatments consisted of 16 combinations among the constituents of the microemulsion: Unitol L90 surfactant (0.0, 1.66, 5.0, 15 %) and glycerin (0.0, 4.44, 13.33 and 40.0 %). The phytotoxicity on Zea mays was evaluated at 1, 7 and 14 DAA. At 14 DAA, we evaluated the biomass of plants. The control plants using the microemulsions was lower than in the water due to the poisoning caused by the initial microemulsions in the leaves of the plants, a fact that hinders the absorption and translocation of the herbicide. There was no toxicity in Zea mays plants caused by the herbicide, however, were highly intoxicated by microemulsions. T. paniculatum was better controlled in spraying with the microemulsions, regardless of the dose of the herbicide. The glycerine did not cause plant damage. Higher poisoning the plants are caused by tensoactive Unitol L90 and higher rates occur with the use of higher concentrations of surfactant and glycerin, or microemulsion. The microemulsions used hampered the action of glyphosate in controlling B. brizantha and caused severe poisoning in corn, and these poisonings attributed mainly to the action of surfactant

Obtenção de álcool alílico (PROP-2-EN-1-OL) a partir da glicerina derivada do biodiesel de óleo de mamona

In this work, biodiesel was produced from castor oil that was a byproduct glycerin. The molar ratio between oil and alcohol, as well as the use of (KOH) catalyst to provide the chemical reaction is based on literature. The best results were obtained using 1 mol of castor oil (260g) to 3 moles of methyl alcohol (138g), using 1.0% KOH as catalyst at a temperature of 260 ° C and shaken at 120 rpm. The oil used was commercially available, the process involves the reaction of transesterification of a vegetable oil with methyl alcohol. The product of this reaction is an ester, biodiesel being the main product and the glycerin by-product which has undergone treatment for use as raw material for the production of allyl alcohol. The great advantage of the use of glycerin to obtain allyl alcohol is that its use eliminates the large amount of waste of the biodiesel and various forms of insult to the environment. The reactions for the formation of allyl alcohol was conducted from formic acid and glycerin in a ratio 1/1, at a temperature of 260oC in a heater blanket, being sprayed by a spiral condenser for a period of 2 hours and the product obtained contains mostly the allylic alcohol .. The monitoring of reactions was performed by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer: FTIR Fourier transform, the analysis showed that these changes occur spectrometer indicating the formation of the product allylic alcohol (prop-2-en-1-ol) in the presence of water, This alcohol was appointed Alcohol GL. The absorption bands confirms that the reaction was observed in (υ C = C) 1470 -1600 cm -1 and (υ CO), 3610-3670 attributed to C = C groups and OH respectively. The thermal analysis was carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer SDT Q600, where the mass and temperature are displayed against time, that allows checking the approximate rate of heating. The innovative methodology developed in the laboratory (LABTAM, UFRN), was able to treat the glycerine produced by transesterification of castor oil and used as raw material for production of allyl alcohol, with a yield of 80%, of alcohol, the same is of great importance in the manufacture of polymers, pharmaceuticals, organic compounds, herbicides, pesticides and other chemicals

Teores de proteína bruta na silagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum, Lam.) em estágio vegetativo, submetida a diferentes tempos de murcha.

2015

Produção e renda bruta em consórcio de couve-de-folha e coentro com uso de biofertilizante em cultivo protegido.

Neste trabalho foi estudada a consorciação da couve-de-folha com o coentro, com uso de biofertilizante aplicado ao solo.