Difusión de tecnologías de punta en Argentina: algunas reflexiones sobre la organización de la producción industrial de IBM

Incluye Bibliografía

Avaliação do custo, produtividade e geração de emprego no corte de cana-de-açúcar, manual e mecanizado, com e sem queima prévia

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Fatores intervenientes no comportamento de vacas e bezerros do parto até a primeira mamada

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comportamento de vacas e bezerros Girolandos em pastagem e sua relação com o nível de cortisol fecal como indicador de estresse

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Communal suckling in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Communal nursing (an adult female allowing the offspring of another conspecific female to suckle) is a relatively frequent behavior in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Fourteen lactating water buffalo cows and their nursing calves were observed at a Brazilian dairy after the cows had been milked. The two variables of greatest interest were solicitations of their own mothers and other cows by the calves, and acceptances of their own offspring and non-filial calves by the cows. Correlational analyses suggested three easily discriminable clusters of variables. Calves solicited and succeeded in suckling from their own mothers more often than they did from any other individual cow, but they solicited all other cows slightly more often than they did their own mothers. They were more likely to try to suckle other cows if they were rejected by their own mothers. Cows that had a high probability of accepting their own offspring tended to accept non-filial calves as well. Calves tended to maximize the total number rather than the probability of successful solicitations. Communal suckling was not reciprocal. Communal and filial suckling results from encounters between cows and calves performing under different motivational states. © 1991.

Allonursing in river buffalo, Bubalus bubalis: Nepotism, incompetence, or thievery?

Allonursing was investigated in a dairy herd of 30 river buffalo cows and their calves. The primary behavioural variables were solicitations of allonursing by calves and acceptances of calves by cows. The sample of cows included a group of nine half-sisters, two additional pairs of half-sisters, and a pair of full-sisters. All of the calves were half-siblings owing to putative common paternity. Ancillary variables were age, milk-yield and docility of cows, as well as age, sex, weight and growth rate of calves. Three hundred and fifty-one instances of allonursing and 341 of filial nursing were recorded. There were large individual differences in the cows' tendencies to accept their own offspring and non-filial calves, and for the calves to successfully solicit milk from their mothers and other cows. Thirteen of the 30 cows accounted for 97% of the allonursing. Frequent allonursing was correlated with decreased growth rate in the donors' calves. Allonursing was unrelated to kinship or reciprocal relationships among the cows, and was associated with a lack of maternal experience in young cows and apparent milk theft by hungry calves whose mothers were not providing them with sufficient milk. © 1995 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Inovação tecnológica em projetos de novos produtos: um estudo exploratório sobre relações gerenciais de integração entre unidades de uma multinacional

Although thetopic of integrationin product development is widely debated in the literature, there are few studies that address the participation by subsidiaries of multinational and R & D centers around the world in development projects of new products. Focusing on the perception of the Brazilian unit, this paper aims to present and analyze integration practices among subsidiaries, headquarters and R&D centers in product development projects in amultinational high tech company. For this purpose, was conducted an exploratory and qualitative researched operationalized by case study. Among the main results, it was noted collaboration betweenlocals marketing and engineering with the R & D centers, important role of senior management in the Brazilian unit to communicate outcomes of the strategic planning of products andtechnologies established by the headquarters to the subsidiary, the adoption of technological and information mechanisms and the application of methods such as technology roadmap.

Costs and benefits of temporary brood desertion in a Neotropical harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Brood desertion is a life history strategy that allows parents to minimize costs related to parental care and increase their future fecundity. The harvestman Neosadocus maximus is an interesting model organism to study costs and benefits of temporary brood desertion because females abandon their clutches periodically and keep adding eggs to their clutches for some weeks. In this study, we tested if temporary brood desertion (a) imposes a cost to caring females by increasing the risk of egg predation and (b) offers a benefit to caring females by increasing fecundity as a result of increased foraging opportunities. With intensive field observations followed by a model selection approach, we showed that the proportion of consumed eggs was very low during the day and it was not influenced by the frequency of brood desertion. The proportion of consumed eggs was higher at night and it was negatively related to the frequency of brood desertion. However, frequent brood desertion did not result in higher fecundity, measured both as the number of eggs added to the current clutch and the probability of laying a second clutch over the course of the reproductive season. Considering that harvestmen are sensitive to dehydration, brood desertion during the day may attenuate the physiological stress of remaining exposed on the vegetation. Moreover, since brood desertion is higher during the day, when egg predation pressure is lower, caring females could be adjusting their maternal effort to the temporal variation in predation risk, which is regarded as the main cost of brood desertion in ectotherms.

Congruências entre posicionamentos estratégicos e redes de negócios: estudo de caso de uma subsidiária brasileira

Na pesquisa exploratória aqui relatada, realizada em 2009 e guiada por uma extensa revisão bibliográfica e pelo emprego do método de estudo de caso, busca-se identificar congruências entre o posicionamento estratégico adotado pela subsidiária brasileira de uma corporação multinacional e o tipo de rede de negócios por ela integrada. Apoiando-se em dois modelos específicos da literatura acadêmica sobre os temas mencionados (posicionamento estratégico e redes), as conclusões dessa investigação sugerem que as Redes Verticais de Demanda e Fornecimento (MOLLER e RAJALA, 2007) são adequadas para operacionalizar o posicionamento definido como Melhor Produto no Modelo Delta (HAX e WILDE II, 1999; 2001).

A palavra e as condições da educação escolar

Estudos recentes sobre gestão e resultados escolares apontam a presença do, assim chamado, efeito-professor como um fator associado ao desempenho dos alunos. Desenvolve-se neste texto a premissa de que esses estudos acabam, paradoxalmente, demonstrando a pertinência da reflexão psicanalítica, que aponta para o estatuto da palavra mestre no interior de uma tradição filial professoral como condição necessária à educação escolar.

Concentration- and time-dependent effects of the synthetic estrogen, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, on reproductive capabilities of the zebrafish, Danio rerio

Partial or full life-cycle tests are needed to assess the potential of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) to adversely affect development and reproduction of fish. Small fish species such as zebrafish, Danio rerio, are under consideration as model organisms for appropriate test protocols. The present study examines how reproductive effects resulting from exposure of zebrafish to the synthetic estrogen 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) vary with concentration (0.05 to 10 ng EE2 L(-1), nominal), and with timing/duration of exposure (partial life-cycle, full life-cycle, and two-generation exposure). Partial life-cycle exposure of the parental (F1) generation until completion of gonad differentiation (0-75 d postfertilization, dpf) impaired juvenile growth, time to sexual maturity, adult fecundity (egg production/female/day), and adult fertilization success at 1.1 ng EE2 L(-1) and higher. Lifelong exposure of the F1 generation until 177 dpf resulted in lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) for time to sexual maturity, fecundity, and fertilization success identical to those of the developmental test (0-75 dpf), but the slope of the concentration-response curve was steeper. Reproduction of zebrafish was completely inhibited at 9.3 ng EE2 L(-1), and this was essentially irreversible as a 3-mo depuration restored fertilization success to only a very low rate. Accordingly, elevated endogenous vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis and degenerative changes in gonad morphology persisted in depurated zebrafish. Full life-cycle exposure of the filial (F2) generation until 162 dpf impaired growth, delayed onset of spawning and reduced fecundity and fertilization success at 2.0 ng EE2 L(-1). In conclusion, results show that the impact of estrogenic agents on zebrafish sexual development and reproductive functions as well as the reversibility of effects, varies with exposure concentration (reversibility at < or = 1.1 ng EE2 L(-1) and irreversibility at 9.3 ng EE2 L(-1)), and between partial and full life-cycle exposure (exposure to 10 ng EE2 L(-1) during critical period exerted no permanent effect on sexual differentiation, but life-cycle exposure did).

Functional studies of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 pathway in glioma progression

Comparison of gene expressing profiles between gliomas with different grades revealed frequent overexpression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in glioblastomas (GBM), in which uncontrolled cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and anti-apoptosis are hallmarks. Using the glia-specific gene transfer transgenic mouse and the stable LN229(BP2) GBM cell lines, we found that IGFBP2 by itself cannot transform cells in vitro and in vivo. IGFBP2 had growth inhibitory effects on mouse primary neural progenitors, but overexpression of IGFBP2 had no effect on GBM cells. ^ Although IGFBP2 does not initiate gliomagenesis, using tissue array technology, we observed strong correlation between IGFBP2 overexpression and VEGF up-regulation in human diffuse gliomas. Furthermore, overexpression of IGFBP2 in GBM cells not only enhanced VEGF expression but also increased the malignant potential of U87 MG cells in our angiogenesis xenograft animal model. ^ In parallel to these studies, using established stable SNB19 GBM cells that overexpress IGFBP2, we found that IGFBP2 significantly increased invasion by induction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) as well as other invasion related genes, providing evidence that IGFBP2 contributes to glioma progression in part by enhancing MMP-2 gene transcription and in turn tumor cell invasion. ^ Finally, we found that primary filial cells infected with an anti-sense IGFBP2 construct have markedly increased sensitivity to γ irradiation and reduced Akt activation. On the other hand, SNB19(BP2) stable lines have consistently increased levels of Akt and NFkB activation, suggesting that one possible mechanism for anti-apoptosic function of IGFBP2 is through the activation of Akt and NFkB. Beside this, what is especially interesting is the finding that Akt protein was cleaved and inactivated during apoptosis by caspases, and IGFBP2 can prevent Akt cleavage, revealing another possible mechanism through it IGFBP2 exhibit strong antiapoptotic effects. Our data showed that IGFBP2 is a specific substrate for caspase-3, raising the possibility that IGFBP2 may inhibit apoptosis by a suicide mechanism. ^ In summary, using cellular, genomics, and molecular approaches, this thesis documented the potential roles of IGFBP2 in glioma progression. Our findings shed light on an important biological aspect of glioma progression and may provide new insights useful for the design of novel mechanism-based therapies for GBM. ^

Colonización, inmigración y etnicidad en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Etapa II. Cartografia etnografica de la plurietnicidad en Misiones. Argentina. 16H237

La provincia de Misiones constituye un área particularmente relevante para el estudio de los procesos migratorios. En un espacio que abarca 30.719 km2, cuyos límites de frontera alcanzan un 90% entre los países de Paraguay y Brasil, se asentaron pobladores de más de veinte nacionalidades diferentes, fenómeno que se constituye en un paisaje étnico particular y diverso para el estudio del poblamiento de la provincia. Poblamiento que se ha constituido desde fines del siglo XIX con población de la zona -paraguayos, correntinos, aborígenes- a los que se suman las colonizaciones que se dividen en oficiales y privadas, así como por el poblamiento espontáneo. A partir del análisis de lo antedicho, observamos que la influencia de las migraciones y asentamiento de población extranjera en Misiones prefigura particularidades vinculadas a: la organización del espacio geográfico, la gestación de la historia regional, los procesos de interculturización, la constitución de identidades culturales y las relaciones interétnicas e intraétnicas. Tan es así que entre las caracterizaciones de la Provincia, la mayoría de las publicaciones existentes, destacan esta particularidad desde la denominación de “Misiones crisol de razas” u otros como “provincia pluriétnica”. Frente a esta caracterización de Misiones, la elaboración de una “cartografía etnográfica” de los habitantes y de las colectividades ubicadas en la provincia será de gran utilidad para el conocimiento de: lugares de procedencia, periodización de los movimientos migratorios, lugares de asentamiento, relaciones (de trabajo, de parentesco, religiosas, etc.) establecidas entre los diferentes grupos étnicos, la población de origen y de fronteras de la zona. De la misma manera, conociendo la inserción en el medio de “los que llegaron” y la “descendencia” filial de los mismos, podremos reconstruir un mapa poblacional en cuanto a sus ascendencias y descendencias, hecho que sin dudas se convierte en un diacrítico interesante al momento de su caracterización. 7

Cuerpos invadidos : cuerpo y corporalidad en algunos relatos de Antonio Di Benedetto

Mundo Animal (1953) es una colección de cuentos que inicia la carrera literaria del narrador mendocino, Antonio Di Benedetto. Libro de difícil ubicación genérica, tiene una marcada intencionalidad ética que el mismo autor señala de modo explícito. Es además, evidente la filiación kafkianas de muchas de estas historias. Esta relación se observa, especialmente, en el clima fuertemente onírico y opresivo tanto para los personajes como para los lectores, en el escaso interés por la realidad circundante y en la presencia de un espacio de tipo esquemático, fuertemente simbólico. Este trabajo se propone, precisamente, detenerse en el análisis de los grietas de este espacio que, si bien no refleja la realidad circundante o referencial, ahonda en torno a otras realidades de profunda relevancia para el hombre contemporáneo. Entre estos espacios esquemáticos, pero de gran valor metafórico, llama la atención la fuerte presencia del cuerpo que, en varios relatos, es presentado como un espacio dentro del cual se desarrolla la acción, o bien que involucra fuertemente dicha acción. En primer lugar estudiaremos la noción de cuerpo y corporalidad presente en el horizonte cultural de Di Benedetto para centrarnos luego en el análisis específico de los cuentos que textualizan el espacio corporal.

Modalidades actuales de la diversidad en la familia y transmisión intergeneracional

Temática principal: El presente trabajo, forma parte de la Mesa temática autoconvocada 'Familias, Parejas y Diversidad. Avances de investigación' y se enmarca en la investigación en curso 'Modalidades de la diversidad en el ejercicio de la parentalidad y la pareja' (Facultad de Psicología. UNLP). Se propone reflexionar y articular los efectos que las actuales modalidades del vínculo familiar producen en la función de transmisión intergeneracional y transgeneracional. Objetivos: Frente a las transformaciones en la organización y la configuración de losvínculos familiares y los modos actuales de pensarse el envejecimiento, nuestro objetivo es interrogarnos sobre las perspectivas teóricas, las múltiples funciones y formas en que puede pensarse las relaciones inter ytransgeneracionales en las nuevas configuraciones familiares desde la diversidad. A la par, indagar sobre el lugar y función de los representantes de las familias de origen (ancestros) frente a la diversidad, en familias con parejas homosexuales, o familias monoparentales. Metodología: se implementa una metodología cualitativa, centrada en la diversidad como postura epistemológica. Se selecciona un muestreo intencional: organizaciones familiares no tradicionales (uniparentales, ensambladas, entre otras); parejas del mismo sexo con y sin hijos; parejas de diferente sexo sin hijos, por elección e informantes clave. Se implementan entrevistas en profundidad, individuales y vinculares con madres y/o padres y parejas, realizadas por dos investigadores formados en abordajes vinculares. Resultados: La interpretación de los hallazgos y conclusiones, por partir de los primeros datos relevados en el trabajo de campo, son provisorios y parciales. En lasprimeras entrevistas se exploran los modos en que se significan el lugar de los ancestros y su función, la resignificación por los orígenes, y las nuevas formas en las que se busca una continuidad histórica familiar que asigne un lugar de pertenencia y de producción de sentido. En esta línea nos encontramos con investigaciones preexistentes que apuntan a teorizar sobre las nuevas formas que adquiere la transmisión intergeneracional en las modalidades de la diversidad del vínculo filial. Aportes que permiten pensar la metabolización que los sujetos realizan para hallar un lugar en los nuevos vínculos. Conclusiones: estamos en un tiempo de la investigación de relevamiento y recolección de los datos empíricos. Aún no podríamos sacar conclusiones definitivas, pero sí nos permite encontrar, del material obtenido hasta el momento, nuevos efectos de sentido que nos permitan arrimarnos a conocer cómo los sujetos pueden ir realizando la metabolización y construyendo su propia subjetivación con relación a procesos de cambio. La realidad actual nos encuentra con un escenario familiar y social con transformaciones profundas acerca de las funciones a cumplir. Nos preguntamos qué espera hoy la cultura acerca de la función de transmisión?; qué esperan los integrantes de las nuevas modalidades del vinculo filial de la función que auspicie la continuidad histórica y el sostén identificatorio?, interrogantes que cuestionan los modelos anteriores y otorgan cierta fragilidad a los modelos identificatorios familiares, dando sustento y legitimidad al grupo social que acompaña y ampara decisiones novedosas del vinculo