Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa Idosa na UBS Gila Almeida, Jacobina do Piauí/PI

HERNÁNDEZ, Tomás Eladio Rosell. Melhoria da atenção à saúde da pessoa idosa na ESF Gila Almeida, Jacobina do Piauí/PI. 2015. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial que envolve aspectos referentes à melhoria da expectativa de vida. No Brasil, estima-se que existam 17,6 milhões de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais. Neste sentido a atenção à saúde do idoso é uma preocupação das políticas públicas de saúde e um desafio para os serviços de atenção básica, o qual tem papel fundamental na promoção do envelhecimento saudável e no controle dos fatores de riscos das doenças próprias dessa faixa etária. O objetivo desta intervenção foi melhorar a atenção à saúde da pessoa idosa na UBS Gila Almeida. A intervenção teve duração de 12 semanas e para sua implementação foi necessário analisar a situação de saúde da comunidade. Esta revelou que no serviço havia falta de registros das ações na saúde do idoso e a não utilização dos protocolos do ministério da saúde específicos para esta população. A equipe 1 assiste a um grupo de 1430 pessoas em sua área de abrangência e dentre estes são estimados 143 idosos. Antes da intervenção somente 58 idosos (40,5%) estavam cadastrados e após o período de intervenção passaram a ser acompanhados 135 (94,4%). Com a intervenção o atendimento que antes era apenas assistencial passou a visar à promoção à saúde e a prevenção de doenças. Dentre os resultados principais destaca-se a adesão dos idosos, dos familiares, dos cuidadores ao programa, os quais participaram de forma ativa nas ações, além disso, conseguiu-se incorporar o conselho de saúde na rotina da unidade, que anteriormente não participava na programação das atividades da UBS, exercendo assim controle social das ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais. Foram encontrados e avaliados 18 idosos (13,3%) acamados ou com dificuldades de locomoção e destaca-se que o mais relevante foi conseguir que a avaliação fosse integral, com todos os membros da equipe. A incorporação da intervenção à rotina de trabalho da unidade melhorou o processo de trabalho da equipe e uma mudança na atitude dos usuários, das famílias e da comunidade, quanto à procura do atendimento visando à promoção à saúde. O objetivo da equipe segue em busca de atingirmos a cobertura de 100% da população idosa e continuar oferecendo um serviço de qualidade para toda a população do município de Jacobina do Piauí. Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Saúde da Família; Saúde do Idoso; Assistência Domiciliar; Saúde Bucal.

Ação educativa sobre hipertensão arterial e seus fatores de risco em pacientes hipertensos na unidade básica de saúde Fonseca Almeida. Município Comendador Levy Gasparian - RJ

Será realizada uma intervenção educativa na Unidade Básica de Atenção em Saúde da Família (UBASF) Fonseca Almeida, do município de Comendador Levy Gasparian, Rio de Janeiro, para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a hipertensão arterial e os principais fatores de risco em pacientes hipertensos. O universo é de 3240 pacientes, deles 429 são hipertensos e a amostra será composta de 107 (n=107). Aplicaremos uma pesquisa para identificar suas necessidades de aprendizagem sobre a doença e os fatores de risco. Depois de receber um programa educacional, os pacientes responderão a uma segunda pesquisa para confirmar a eficácia da atividade educacional. Esperamos que 100% dos pacientes hipertensos aumentem o conhecimento sobre esta doença, o que permitirá que tenham uma melhora na qualidade de vida, assim como a diminuição das cifras tensionais e suas complicações. Estes resultados serão expressos em tabelas para sua discussão e análises estadísticas, demonstrando a eficácia da intervenção educativa.

Educação em saúde referente a gravidez de alto risco na equipe de saúde da família do PSF Rosa Pedroso de Almeida em Três Marias/MG

Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar projeto de intervenção voltado para prevenção de complicações decorrentes de gravidez de alto risco. Para elaboração da proposta de intervenção foram realizadas ações em três etapas: diagnóstico situacional, revisão bibliográfica e elaboração do plano de ação. Constatou-se que o trabalho educativo da ESF sobre sexualidade, riscos e complicações da gravidez, do aborto, do acesso à contracepção e de uma ampla política de planejamento familiar são imprescindíveis e, podem influenciar na diminuição da proporção de gravidez nos grupo de riscos, os autores pesquisados enfatizaram ainda, como uma modalidade de escolha para a promoção da saúde, o trabalho grupal, que se caracteriza como uma ótima estratégia para trabalhar com grupos de riscos ampliando sua capacidade de gestão do seu processo de saúde-doença. Conclui-se que ações educativas cujo conteúdo seja informar as pacientes sobre riscos e prejuízos de uma gravidez de alto risco, bem como sobre sua prevenção são oportunas como medidas de promoção da saúde desenvolvidas pela ESF

Projeto de intervenção para reorganização do processo de trabalho da Equipe de Saúde da Família Dr. José Monteiro de Almeida em Bertópolis - MG

O trabalho da equipe de saúde da família é considerado um importante elemento para a reorganização do processo de trabalho no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família. A adequada organização do trabalho, baseada nas características da população da área de abrangência no plano individual e coletivo, possibilita o incremento da qualidade do atendimento e do nível de satisfação da população com o serviço de saúde. Este trabalho de conclusão de curso objetivou elaborar um projeto de intervenção com vistas à reorganização do processo de trabalho da Equipe de Saúde da Família Dr. José Monteiro de Almeida no município Bertópolis - MG. Identificou-se, por meio do diagnóstico situacional de saúde, a existência de algumas dificuldades na articulação das ações desenvolvidas pelos diferentes integrantes da equipe e possibilitando centrar as atividades fundamentais nos problemas mais importantes na comunidade sem descuidar dos problemas individuais. Utilizou-se também uma revisão de literatura para sustentar a elaboração do projeto de intervenção. Foram elaboradas ferramentas para a equipe de saúde melhorar o conhecimento individual e coletivo da população atendida a partir da melhora na aquisição e no manejo dos dados populacionais. Com este projeto espera-se um melhor planejamento das ações de saúde baseadas nos dados da comunidade.

Malignant Transformation Of An Odontogenic Cyst In A Period Of 10 Years.

Primary intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws (PIOSCC) might arise from odontogenic epithelium, more commonly from a previous odontogenic cyst. The aim of this case is to illustrate that the clinician should consider that an apparent benign dentigerous cyst can suffer malignant transformation and that all material removed from a patient must be evaluated histologically. A 44-year-old man presented in a routine periapical X-ray an impacted lower left third molar with radiolucency over its crown. Ten years later, the patient complained of pain in the same region and the tooth was extracted. After one month, the patient still complained of pain and suffered a fracture of the mandible. A biopsy was performed and carcinoma was diagnosed. The patient was treated surgically with adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy and after 8 years, he is well without signs of recurrences. This report describes a central mandibular carcinoma probably developed from a previous dentigerous cyst.

Testosterone Therapy Differently Regulates The Anti- And Pro-inflammatory Cytokines In The Plasma And Prostate Of Rats Submitted To Chronic Ethanol Consumption (uchb).

Ethanol consumption damages the prostate, and testosterone is known by anti-inflammatory role. The cytokines were investigated in the plasma and ventral prostate of UChB rats submitted or not to testosterone therapy by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. Additionally, inflammatory foci and mast cells were identified in the ventral prostate slides stained by hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue, respectively. Inflammatory foci were found in the ethanol-treated animals and absent after testosterone therapy. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were not changed while TNFα and TFG-β1 were increased in the animals submitted testosterone therapy. Regarding to ventral prostate, IL-6 did not alter, while IL-10, TNFα, and TFG-β1 were increased after testosterone therapy. Ethanol increases NFR2 in addition to high number of intact and degranulated mast cell which were reduced after testosterone therapy. So, ethanol and testosterone differentially modulates the cytokines in the plasma and prostate.

Microbial Evaluation Of Traumatized Teeth Treated With Triple Antibiotic Paste Or Calcium Hydroxide With 2% Chlorhexidine Gel In Pulp Revascularization.

Revascularization outcome depends on microbial elimination because apical repair will not happen in the presence of infected tissues. This study evaluated the microbial composition of traumatized immature teeth and assessed their reduction during different stages of the revascularization procedures performed with 2 intracanal medicaments. Fifteen patients (7-17 years old) with immature teeth were submitted to the revascularization procedures; they were divided into 2 groups according to the intracanal medicament used: TAP group (n = 7), medicated with a triple antibiotic paste, and CHP group (n = 8), dressed with calcium hydroxide + 2% chlorhexidine gel. Samples were taken before any treatment (S1), after irrigation with 6% NaOCl (S2), after irrigation with 2% chlorhexidine (S3), after intracanal dressing (S4), and after 17% EDTA irrigation (S5). Cultivable bacteria recovered from the 5 stages were counted and identified by means of polymerase chain reaction assay (16S rRNA). Both groups had colony-forming unit counts significantly reduced after S2 (P < .05); however, no significant difference was found between the irrigants (S2 and S3, P = .99). No difference in bacteria counts was found between the intracanal medicaments used (P = .95). The most prevalent bacteria detected were Actinomyces naeslundii (66.67%), followed by Porphyromonas endodontalis, Parvimonas micra, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, which were detected in 33.34% of the root canals. An average of 2.13 species per canal was found, and no statistical correlation was observed between bacterial species and clinical/radiographic features. The microbial profile of infected immature teeth is similar to that of primarily infected permanent teeth. The greatest bacterial reduction was promoted by the irrigation solutions. The revascularization protocols that used the tested intracanal medicaments were efficient in reducing viable bacteria in necrotic immature teeth.

Blockade Of Renin-angiotensin System Prevents Micturition Dysfunction In Renovascular Hypertensive Rats.

Association between hypertension and bladder symptoms has been described. We hypothesized that micturition dysfunction may be associated with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) acting in urethra. The effects of the anti-hypertensive drugs losartan (AT1 antagonist) and captopril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) in comparison with atenolol (β1-adrenoceptor antagonist independently of RAS blockade) have been investigated in bladder and urethral dysfunctions during renovascular hypertension in rats. Two kidney-1 clip (2K-1C) rats were treated with losartan (30 mg/kg/day), captopril (50mg/kg/day) or atenolol (90 mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. Cystometric study, bladder and urethra smooth muscle reactivities, measurement of cAMP levels and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in urinary tract were determined. Losartan and captopril markedly reduced blood pressure in 2K-1C rats. The increases in non-voiding contractions, voiding frequency and bladder capacity in 2K-1C rats were prevented by treatments with both drugs. Likewise, losartan and captopril prevented the enhanced bladder contractions to electrical-field stimulation (EFS) and carbachol, along with the impaired relaxations to β-adrenergic-cAMP stimulation. Enhanced neurogenic contractions and impaired nitrergic relaxations were observed in urethra from 2K-1C rats. Angiotensin II also produced greater urethral contractions that were accompanied by higher phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in urethral tissues of 2K-1C rats. Losartan and captopril normalized the urethral dysfunctions in 2K-1C rats. In contrast, atenolol treatment largely reduced the blood pressure in 2K-1C rats but failed to affect the urinary tract smooth muscle dysfunction. The urinary tract smooth muscle dysfunction in 2K-1C rats takes place by local RAS activation irrespective of levels of arterial blood pressure.

Identification Of Target Genes Using Gene Expression Profile Of Granulocytes From Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Differential gene expression analysis by suppression subtractive hybridization with correlation to the metabolic pathways involved in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of CML. Among the overexpressed genes found in CML at diagnosis are SEPT5, RUNX1, MIER1, KPNA6 and FLT3, while PAN3, TOB1 and ITCH were decreased when compared to healthy volunteers. Some genes were identified and involved in CML for the first time, including TOB1, which showed a low expression in patients with CML during tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment with no complete cytogenetic response. In agreement, reduced expression of TOB1 was also observed in resistant patients with CML compared to responsive patients. This might be related to the deregulation of apoptosis and the signaling pathway leading to resistance. Most of the identified genes were related to the regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), AKT, interferon and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in healthy cells. The results of this study combined with literature data show specific gene pathways that might be explored as markers to assess the evolution and prognosis of CML as well as identify new therapeutic targets.

Efficacy Of Ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic Acid Associated With Chlorhexidine On Intracanal Medication Removal: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 17% ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) used alone or associated with 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) on intracanal medications (ICM) removal. Sixty single-rooted human teeth with fully formed apex were selected. The cervical and middle thirds of each canal were prepared with Gates Glidden drills and rotary files. The apical third was shaped with hand files. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups depending on the ICM used after instrumentation: calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)(2) +CHX or Ca(OH)(2) +sterile saline (SS). After seven days, each group was divided into subgroups according to the protocol used for ICM removal: instrumentation and irrigation either with EDTA, CHX+EDTA, or SS (control groups). All specimens were sectioned and processed for observation of the apical thirds by using scanning electron microscopy. Two calibrated evaluators attributed scores to each specimen. The differences between the protocols for ICM removal were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for comparison between the score of debris obtained in each root canal third. Remains of Ca(OH)(2) were found in all specimens independently of the protocol and ICM used (P > 0.05). Seventeen percent EDTA showed the best results in removing ICM when used alone (P < 0.05), particularly in those associated with CHX. It was concluded that the chelating agent 17% EDTA significantly improved the removal of ICM when used alone. Furthermore, the type of the vehicle associated with Ca(OH)(2) also plays a role in the ICM removal.

The Influence Of The Environment On The Development Of Thyroid Tumors: A New Appraisal.

Most epidemiological studies concerning differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) indicate an increasing incidence over the last two decades. This increase might be partially explained by the better access to health services worldwide, but clinicopathological analyses do not fully support this hypothesis, indicating that there are carcinogenetic factors behind this noticeable increasing incidence. Although we have undoubtedly understood the biology and molecular pathways underlying thyroid carcinogenesis in a better way, we have made very little progresses in identifying a risk profile for DTC, and our knowledge of risk factors is very similar to what we knew 30-40 years ago. In addition to ionizing radiation exposure, the most documented and established risk factor for DTC, we also investigated the role of other factors, including eating habits, tobacco smoking, living in a volcanic area, xenobiotics, and viruses, which could be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, thus, contributing to the increase in DTC incidence rates observed.

S-nitrosoglutathione (gsno) Is Cytotoxic To Intracellular Amastigotes And Promotes Healing Of Topically Treated Leishmania Major Or Leishmania Braziliensis Skin Lesions-authors' Response.

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Association Between Prehypertension, Metabolic And Inflammatory Markers, Decreased Adiponectin And Enhanced Insulinemia In Obese Subjects.

Obesity is associated with development of the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome, which is a constellation of risk factors, such as insulin resistance, inflammatory response, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure that predispose affected individuals to well-characterized medical conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular and kidney chronic disease. The study was designed to establish relationship between metabolic and inflammatory disorder, renal sodium retention and enhanced blood pressure in a group of obese subjects compared with age-matched, lean volunteers. The study was performed after 14 h overnight fast after and before OGTT in 13 lean (BMI 22.92 ± 2.03 kg/m(2)) and, 27 obese (BMI 36.15 ± 3.84 kg/m(2)) volunteers. Assessment of HOMA-IR and QUICKI index were calculated and circulating concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and C-reactive protein, measured by immunoassay. THE STUDY SHOWS THAT A HYPERINSULINEMIC (HI: 10.85 ± 4.09 μg/ml) subgroup of well-characterized metabolic syndrome bearers-obese subjects show higher glycemic and elevated blood pressure levels when compared to lean and normoinsulinemic (NI: 5.51 ± 1.18 μg/ml, P < 0.027) subjects. Here, the combination of hyperinsulinemia, higher HOMA-IR (HI: 2.19 ± 0.70 (n = 12) vs. LS: 0.83 ± 0.23 (n = 12) and NI: 0.98 ± 0.22 (n = 15), P < 0.0001) associated with lower QUICKI in HI obese when compared with LS and NI volunteers (P < 0.0001), suggests the occurrence of insulin resistance and a defect in insulin-stimulated peripheral action. Otherwise, the adiponectin measured in basal period was significantly enhanced in NI subjects when compared to HI groups (P < 0.04). The report also showed a similar insulin-mediated reduction of post-proximal urinary sodium excretion in lean (LS: 9.41 ± 0.68% vs. 6.38 ± 0.92%, P = 0.086), and normoinsulinemic (NI: 8.41 ± 0.72% vs. 5.66 ± 0.53%, P = 0.0025) and hyperinsulinemic obese subjects (HI: 8.82 ± 0.98% vs. 6.32 ± 0.67%, P = 0.0264), after oral glucose load, despite elevated insulinemic levels in hyperinsulinemic obeses. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of adiponectin levels and dysfunctional inflammatory modulation associated with hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and renal dysfunction in a particular subgroup of obeses.

Focal Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Defect Mimicking A Mandibular Cystic Lesion.

An unusual presentation of a focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect (FOBMD) of the mandible mimicking a cystic lesion is documented. A definitive diagnosis could be established only on the basis of the histopathologic evaluation. A 66-year-old Brazilian woman was referred by her dentist for well-defined radiolucency of the mandibular molar region suggesting a cystic lesion of odontogenic origin. The computed tomography scan confirmed that the lesion did not affect the corticals. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of FOBMD. The diagnostic difficulty in the current case is obvious, because FOBMD, usually exhibiting an ill-defined radiolucency, is seldom suspected preoperatively when a differential diagnosis is considered for focal well-defined radiolucent areas in the jaws.

Effect Of Pitavastatin On Vascular Reactivity In Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits.

Pitavastatin is the newest statin available in Brazil and likely the one with fewer side effects. Thus, pitavastatin was evaluated in hypercholesterolemic rabbits in relation to its action on vascular reactivity. To assess the lowest dose of pitavastatin necessary to reduce plasma lipids, cholesterol and tissue lipid peroxidation, as well as endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Thirty rabbits divided into six groups (n = 5): G1 - standard chow diet; G2 - hypercholesterolemic diet for 30 days; G3 - hypercholesterolemic diet and after the 16th day, diet supplemented with pitavastatin (0.1 mg); G4 - hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with pitavastatin (0.25 mg); G5 - hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with pitavastatin (0.5 mg); G6 - hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with pitavastatin (1.0 mg). After 30 days, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured and LDL was calculated. In-depth anesthesia was performed with sodium thiopental and aortic segments were removed to study endothelial function, cholesterol and tissue lipid peroxidation. The significance level for statistical tests was 5%. Total cholesterol and LDL were significantly elevated in relation to G1. HDL was significantly reduced in G4, G5 and G6 when compared to G2. Triglycerides, CK, AST, ALT, cholesterol and tissue lipid peroxidation showed no statistical difference between G2 and G3-G6. Significantly endothelial dysfunction reversion was observed in G5 and G6 when compared to G2. Pitavastatin starting at a 0.5 mg dose was effective in reverting endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.