Elaboração de métodos analíticos de desreplicação para o estudo metabolômico em espedies de Qualea (Vochysiaceae) : detecção e elucidação in situ de micromoléculas com potencial antioxidante

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Plantas medicinais utilizadas em comunidades do município de Igarapé-Miri, Pará: etnofarmácia do município de Igarapé-Miri-Pará

No município de IgarapéMiri, como em todo o estado do Pará, é comum o uso de plantas medicinais para o tratamento de muitas doenças. Da mesma maneira, em vários estados do país se têm registrado programas oficiais de plantas medicinais e para mapear as espécies vegetais utilizadas na fitoterapia popular aplicamse metodologias etnoorientadas tais como a etnobotânica e a etnofarmacologia, principalmente. A partir das ciências farmacêuticas elaborouse a etnofarmácia, que vem sendo empregada em nível mundial para levantar plantas medicinais e avaliar os remédios preparados a partir delas. O objetivo geral desse trabalho é contribuir para a consolidação da Etnofarmácia e para a implementação da PNPMF no estado do Pará, trazendo informações colhidas sobre indicação de plantas medicinais, preparação e administração de remédios vegetais e problemas relacionados ao uso deles. Mais especificamente, visa determinar a nosogeografia regional, identificar e selecionar os recursos terapêuticos vegetais utilizados para o tratamento das doenças prevalentes, conhecer e caracterizar do ponto de vista farmacêutico os remédios a base de vegetais citados. Elaborar fichas com informações sobre vegetais selecionados nos moldes de uma monografia são outros objetivos aqui propostos. A ferramenta empregada para atingir os objetivos é o levantamento etnofarmacêutico que associa elementos de outros métodos etnoorientados com os preceitos da Assistência Farmacêutica. Aplicado em oitenta e seis comunidades do município, em dois momentos, o primeiro no ano 2000 e o segundo em março/abril de 2008, o método forneceu dados que foram tabulados em planilhas Excel e plotados em gráficos. Assim, foram detectados 91 agravos, 236 espécies vegetais, distribuídas em 72 famílias botânicas, e sete formas de administração diferentes. 38 eventos adversos também puderam ser identificados. As dez espécies com maior freqüência relativa de citação tiveram levantados seus dados bibliográficos que, associados aos dados etnofarmacêuticos, poderão ser utilizados para compor um Memento Fitoterápico do Município.

Genotoxic assessment of Rubus imperialis (Rosaceae) extract in vivo and its potential chemoprevention against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Azadirachta indica treatment on the congenital malformations of fetuses from rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne: A tropical medicinal plant with intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in TNBS model of intestinal inflammation in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Antidiarrheal and intestinal antiinflammatory activities of a methanolic extract of Qualea parviflora Mart. in experimental models

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise fitoquímica de Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. e efeito do tratamento crônico sobre o peso corporal e sobre o comportamento de ratas ovariectomizadas

Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

Reproductive toxicology and clastogenic evaluation in mice of a phytotherapeutic formulation obtained from Cinchona calisaya Weddel (Rubiaceae) used in Brazilian folk medicine as female fertility stimulant

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Brazil, a phytotherapeutic preparation produced from a standardized tincture of Cinchona calisaya Weddel such that each mL of product contains 400 mu g of quinine, known in Portuguese as Agua Inglesa (R) (English water), is indicated by the manufacturer as a tonic, appetite stimulant, and digestive. However, this preparation has long been used in folk medicine as a female fertility stimulant. Despite its widespread use in folk medicine to stimulate female fertility, no study has been undertaken to assess the potential teratogenic and genotoxic effects of this phytotherapeutic preparation. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible toxic reproductive effects in mice caused by exposure to Agua Inglesa (R), either before mating or during the pre- and post-embryo implantation periods. The genotoxic potential was evaluated using the micronucleus assay.Material, Methods, and Results: Virgin female mice, with at least one estrous cycle evidenced by vaginal cytology, were divided into five groups of 15 individuals each (Group I - control, Group II - treated with ethanol solution at 16%, Groups III, IV and V treated with phytotherapeutic preparation at 1.5 mL/kg/day, 3.0 mL/kg/day and 4.5 mL/kg/day, respectively). After the first 28 days of treatment, females were caged individually with adult fertile males. Pregnant females continued to receive treatment for seven days (preimplantation period). Body weight was recorded weekly during treatment. Signs of toxicity (weight loss, food intake, piloerection, apathy, prostration, diarrhea, seizures, behavioral changes, and locomotion) were also observed. The females were sacrificed on the 15th day of pregnancy, uterine horns were evaluated for implantation, and the placental index was recorded. In the micronucleus test, 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) per animal, obtained from bone marrow, were scored. Results The results showed that exposure of the females during the pre- and post-implantation periods did not significantly alter the reproductive capacity (p < 0.05); however, in higher dose (three times human dose)reduction of fetal weight was observed. There was no difference between the control and phytotherapeutic preparation (p > 0.05) in terms of the average number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes.Conclusions: Although folk medicine suggests that the Agua Inglesa (R) preparation is useful as a female fertility stimulant, no such effect was confirmed in mice. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects of a hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. in rodents

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

In vivo evaluation of the genetic toxicity of Rubus niveus Thunb. (Rosaceae) extract and initial screening of its potential chemoprevention against doxorubicin-induced DNA damage

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Terminalia catappa L.: A medicinal plant from the Caribbean pharmacopeia with anti-Helicobacter pylori and antiulcer action in experimental rodent models

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ethanolic extract of Euphorbia hyssoptfolia L. on HepG2 cells

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The exposure to Trichilia catigua (catuaba) crude extract impairs fertility of adult female rats but does not cause reproductive damage to male offspring

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Trichilia catigua is broadly used in folk medicine due to its mental and physical tonic activities and stimulant effects. In animal models, its antidepressant-like effects have been associated with the dopaminergic (DA) system modulation, which has an important role on maternal behavior and male offspring reproductive development.Aim of the study: Since little is known about the adverse effects of the exposure to T. catigua crude extract (CAT) in rats, specially regarding maternal homeostasis and offspring development, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether CAT exposure may influence maternal toxicity parameters and behavior or disrupt male offspring physical and reproductive development.Material and methods: Dams were treated daily (by gavage) with 400 mg/kg of CAT or vehicle (control=CTR) throughout pregnancy and lactation. Fertility and maternal behavior tests were conducted in dams. Male offspring reproductive and behavioral parameters were analyzed.Results: Dams exposed to CAT showed increased pre- and post-implantation losses rates when compared to CTR group. No significant changes regarding maternal behavior or male offspring parameters were observed.Conclusion: In conclusion, maternal exposure to CAT interfered with implantation during the initial phases of pregnancy but did not induce changes on maternal behavior or male offspring reproductive and behavioral parameters.

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects of a hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. in rodents

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

An ethnobotanical study of anti-malarial plants among indigenous people on the upper Negro River in the Brazilian Amazon

In this article we present the plants used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms in Santa Isabel do Rio Negro in the Brazilian Amazon. The region has important biological and cultural diversities including more than twenty indigenous ethnic groups and a strong history in traditional medicine. The aims of this study are to survey information in the Baniwa, Baré, Desana, Piratapuia, Tariana, Tukano, Tuyuca, Yanomami ethnic communities and among caboclos (mixed-ethnicity) on: a) plant species used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms; b) dosage forms and c) distribution of these anti-malarial plants in the Amazon. Information was obtained through classical ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological methods from interviews with 146 informants in Santa Isabel municipality on the upper Negro River, Brazil. Fifty-five mainly native neotropical plant species from 34 families were in use. The detailed uses of these plants were documented. The result was 187 records (64.4%) of plants for the specific treatment of malaria, 51 records (17.5%) of plants used in the treatment of liver problems and 28 records (9.6%) of plants used in the control of fevers associated with malaria. Other uses described were blood fortification ('dar sangue'), headache and prophylaxis. Most of the therapeutic preparations were decoctions and infusions based on stem bark, root bark and leaves. These were administered by mouth. In some cases, remedies were prepared with up to three different plant species. Also, plants were used together with other ingredients such as insects, mammals, gunpowder and milk. This is the first study on the anti-malarial plants from this region of the Amazon. Aspidosperma spp. and Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke were the most cited species in the communities surveyed. These species have experimental proof supporting their anti-malarial efficacy. The dosage of the therapeutic preparations depends on the kind of plant, quantity of plant material available, the patient's age (children and adults) and the local expert. The treatment time varies from a single dose to up to several weeks. Most anti-malarial plants are domesticated or grow spontaneously. They are grown in home gardens, open areas near the communities, clearings and secondary forests, and wild species grow in areas of seasonally flooded wetlands and terra firme (solid ground) forest, in some cases in locations that are hard to access. Traditional knowledge of plants was found to be falling into disuse presumably as a consequence of the local official health services that treat malaria in the communities using commercial drugs. Despite this, some species are used in the prevention of this disease and also in the recovery after using conventional anti-malarial drugs.