Human personality and its survival of bodily death,

Edited after the author's death by Richard Hodgson and Alice Johnson.

Erectile Dysfunction Drug Use, Risk Behavior, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Electronic dance music culture and religion: An Overview

This article provides a comprehensive and critical overview of existing research that investigates (directly and indirectly) the religio-spiritual dimensions of electronic dance music culture (EDMC) (from disco, through house, to post-rave forms). Studies of the culture and religion of EDMC are explored under four broad groupings: the cultural religion of EDMC expressed through 'ritual' and 'festal'; subjectivity, corporeality and the phenomenological dance experience (especially 'ecstasy' and 'trance'); the dance community and a sense of belonging (the 'vibe' and 'tribes'); and EDMC as a new 'spirituality of life'. Moving beyond the cultural Marxist approaches of the 1970s, which held youth (sub)cultural expressions as 'ineffectual' and 'tragic', and the postmodernist approaches of the early 1990s, which held rave to be an 'implosion of meaning', recent anthropological and sociological approaches recognise that the various manifestations of this youth cultural phenomenon possess meaning, purpose and significance for participants. Contemporary scholarship thus conveys the presence of religiosity and spirituality within contemporary popular cultural formations. In conclusion, I suggest that this and continuing scholarship can offer useful counterpoint to at least one recent account (of clubbing) that overlooks the significance of EDMC through a restricted and prejudiced apprehension of 'religion'.

O MISTICISMO JUDAICO E APOCAL��PTICO NO APOCALIPSE DE JO��O CAP��TULOS 4 E 5 ASCENS��O E VIAGEM CELESTIAL NO CRISTIANISMO PRIMITIVO

Esta disserta����o tem por objeto analisar os textos do livro do Apocalipse cap��tulos 4 e 5. As fontes de pesquisa pertencem ��s tradi����es do Misticismo Judaico. Esta linha, hoje ecoa em estudos do misticismo apocal��ptico e do ��xtase vision��rio relativo ao contexto do juda��smo e cristianismo primitivos, em autores tais como: Christopher Rowland, Alan Segal, C. R. A. Morray-Jones e John Ashton, John Collins, Adella Collins, Jonas Machado, Paulo A. S. Nogueira, Carol Newsom, David E. Aune, Philip Alexander, Crispin H.T. Fletcher-Louis, Florentino Garc��a Mart��nez dentre outros; sendo que, estes autores se alinham aos resultados das pesquisas iniciais de Gershom Scholem sobre o Misticismo Judaico, e aos desenvolvimentos mais recentes neste ��mbito. Nogueira1 menciona que foi Scholem quem realmente usou este misticismo para produzir a chave das hist��rias de ascens��o celestial presentes nos apocalipses dos ��ltimos dois s��culos a.C. e dos primeiros dois s��culos d.C. Foi Scholem, na verdade, quem iniciou a discuss��o acad��mica dos m��sticos judaicos em seu livro Major Trends in Jewish Myticism - Principais Tend��ncias no Misticismo Judaico em 1941. Corroborando com a tradi����o destes estudos se encontram as descobertas dos manuscritos de Qumran, como a dos C��nticos do Sacrif��cio Sab��tico, uma composi����o de treze c��nticos, tamb��m chamada de liturgia ang��lica, e que tem contribu��do para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas, bem como sustentado os argumentos de Scholem. Dentre os manuscritos de Qumran h�� um fragmento de hinos denominado 4Q405, que trouxe ao conhecimento a terminologia Merkav��h, em que anjos louvam a imagem do Trono da Carruagem citado no primeiro cap��tulo do livro de Ezequiel. Identificou-se nestes o sincretismo da comunidade de Qumran acerca do canto dos anjos com outras ideias sobre os deveres dos mesmos, sendo uma caracter��stica comum ��s tradi����es da Ma asseh Merkav��h - (Trabalhos do Divino Trono/Carruagem). 1 NOGUEIRA, Sebastiana M. Silva. 2 Cor��ntios 12 e o Misticismo Judaico (Os Quatro que Entraram no Pardes). Oracula, 2012 p.04. Assim, a pesquisa segue os pressupostos de Rowland2, de que os textos do Apocalipse 4 e 5 possuem em sua narrativa uma semelhan��a b��sica com a liturgia descrita nas tradi����es do misticismo apocal��ptico do juda��smo no I s��culo, bem como em textos de Qumran, principalmente no fragmento 4Q405. Conforme Nogueira3 Ezequiel cap��tulo 1 �� considerado chave desta tradi����o m��stica do juda��smo, sendo, tamb��m um elemento central do Apocalipse de Jo��o, o principal vision��rio do cristianismo. Assim, a pesquisa inclui a aproxima����o dos textos considerados fundantes, sendo: (Isa��as 6; Ezequiel 1; Daniel 7; I Enoque 14), junto aos textos de Qumran, como o complexo dos 13 C��nticos S��baticos relacionados ao culto no santu��rio celestial. A apocal��ptica pode ser assim compreendida como um tipo de literatura m��stica, cujas imagens se conjecturam nos escritos que, por meio da ascens��o do vision��rio aos c��us e a contempla����o do trono de Deus, descortinam uma determinada tradi����o do juda��smo antigo. Desta forma podemos tamb��m interpretar os cap��tulos 4 e 5 do Apocalipse como texto m��stico, de conte��dos similares aos dos textos apocal��pticos judaicos, e talvez at�� com um tipo de experi��ncia religiosa an��loga.

O Misticismo Judaico e Apocal��ptico no Apocalipse de Jo��o Cap��tulos 4 e 5 Ascen����o e Viagem Celestial no Cristianismo Primitivo

Esta disserta����o tem por objeto analisar os textos do livro do Apocalipse cap��tulos 4 e 5. As fontes de pesquisa pertencem ��s tradi����es do Misticismo Judaico. Esta linha, hoje ecoa em estudos do misticismo apocal��ptico e do ��xtase vision��rio relativo ao contexto do juda��smo e cristianismo primitivos, em autores tais como: Christopher Rowland, Alan Segal, C. R. A. Morray-Jones e John Ashton, John Collins, Adella Collins, Jonas Machado, Paulo A. S. Nogueira, Carol Newsom, David E. Aune, Philip Alexander, Crispin H.T. Fletcher-Louis, Florentino Garc��a Mart��nez dentre outros; sendo que, estes autores se alinham aos resultados das pesquisas iniciais de Gershom Scholem sobre o Misticismo Judaico, e aos desenvolvimentos mais recentes neste ��mbito. Nogueira1 menciona que foi Scholem quem realmente usou este misticismo para produzir a chave das hist��rias de ascens��o celestial presentes nos apocalipses dos ��ltimos dois s��culos a.C. e dos primeiros dois s��culos d.C. Foi Scholem, na verdade, quem iniciou a discuss��o acad��mica dos m��sticos judaicos em seu livro Major Trends in Jewish Myticism - Principais Tend��ncias no Misticismo Judaico em 1941. Corroborando com a tradi����o destes estudos se encontram as descobertas dos manuscritos de Qumran, como a dos C��nticos do Sacrif��cio Sab��tico, uma composi����o de treze c��nticos, tamb��m chamada de liturgia ang��lica, e que tem contribu��do para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas, bem como sustentado os argumentos de Scholem. Dentre os manuscritos de Qumran h�� um fragmento de hinos denominado 4Q405, que trouxe ao conhecimento a terminologia Merkav��h, em que anjos louvam a imagem do Trono da Carruagem citado no primeiro cap��tulo do livro de Ezequiel. Identificou-se nestes o sincretismo da comunidade de Qumran acerca do canto dos anjos com outras ideias sobre os deveres dos mesmos, sendo uma caracter��stica comum ��s tradi����es da Maasseh Merkav��h Trabalhos do Divino Trono/CarruagemAssim, a pesquisa segue os pressupostos de Rowland2, de que os textos do Apocalipse 4 e 5 possuem em sua narrativa uma semelhan��a b��sica com a liturgia descrita nas tradi����es do misticismo apocal��ptico do juda��smo no I s��culo, bem como em textos de Qumran, principalmente no fragmento 4Q405. Conforme Nogueira3 Ezequiel cap��tulo 1 �� considerado chave desta tradi����o m��stica do juda��smo, sendo, tamb��m um elemento central do Apocalipse de Jo��o, o principal vision��rio do cristianismo. Assim, a pesquisa inclui a aproxima����o dos textos considerados fundantes, sendo: (Isa��as 6; Ezequiel 1; Daniel 7; I Enoque 14), junto aos textos de Qumran, como o complexo dos 13 C��nticos S��baticos relacionados ao culto no santu��rio celestial. A apocal��ptica pode ser assim compreendida como um tipo de literatura m��stica, cujas imagens se conjecturam nos escritos que, por meio da ascens��o do vision��rio aos c��us e a contempla����o do trono de Deus, descortinam uma determinada tradi����o do juda��smo antigo. Desta forma podemos tamb��m interpretar os cap��tulos 4 e 5 do Apocalipse como texto m��stico, de conte��dos similares aos dos textos apocal��pticos judaicos, e talvez at�� com um tipo de experi��ncia religiosa an��loga.

PODER E EXPERI��NCIA RELIGIOSA: UMA HIST��RIA DE UM CISMA PENTECOSTAL NA CONVEN����O BATISTA BRASILEIRA NA D��CADA DE 1960

A presente disserta����o �� resultado de uma pesquisa acerca de um cisma pentecostal na Conven����o Batista Brasileira, na d��cada de 1960. No foco do conflito encontra-se um Movimento de Renova����o Espiritual, que defendia uma experi��ncia de ��xtase religioso, designada de batismo com o Esp��rito Santo, como confirma����o da rela����o do crente com Deus. A progressiva ades��o de comunidades batistas a tal proposta transformou-a numa rede alternativa de poder que causou instabilidade nas rela����es de poder no interior da denomina����o batista no Brasil. A pesquisa reconstr��i os embates decisivos deste epis��dio e ofereceu uma interpreta����o a partir das teorias de Michel Foucault e Michel de Certeau, na medida em que tenta decifrar os mecanismos institucionais de controle em confronto com as t��ticas das redes de poder. No contexto hist��rico brasileiro de efervesc��ncia n��o s�� religiosa, os mecanismos de vigil��ncia da Conven����o Batista Brasileira mostraram-se insuficientes para a manuten����o da unidade amea��ada, uma vez que puniu os grupos opositores com a exclus��o.(AU)

The development of an optimized system of narcotic and explosive contraband mimics for calibration and training of biological detectors

Current commercially available mimics contain varying amounts of either the actual explosive/drug or the chemical compound of suspected interest by biological detectors. As a result, there is significant interest in determining the dominant chemical odor signatures of the mimics, often referred to as pseudos, particularly when compared to the genuine contraband material. This dissertation discusses results obtained from the analysis of drug and explosive headspace related to the odor profiles as recognized by trained detection canines. Analysis was performed through the use of headspace solid phase microextraction in conjunction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Upon determination of specific odors, field trials were held using a combination of the target odors with COMPS. Piperonal was shown to be a dominant odor compound in the headspace of some ecstasy samples and a recognizable odor mimic by trained detection canines. It was also shown that detection canines could be imprinted on piperonal COMPS and correctly identify ecstasy samples at a threshold level of approximately 100ng/s. Isosafrole and/or MDP-2-POH show potential as training aid mimics for non-piperonal based MDMA. Acetic acid was shown to be dominant in the headspace of heroin samples and verified as a dominant odor in commercial vinegar samples; however, no common, secondary compound was detected in the headspace of either. Because of the similarities detected within respective explosive classes, several compounds were chosen for explosive mimics. A single based smokeless powder with a detectable level of 2,4-dinitrotoluene, a double based smokeless powder with a detectable level of nitroglycerine, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, DMNB, ethyl centralite and diphenylamine were shown to be accurate mimics for TNT-based explosives, NG-based explosives, plastic explosives, tagged explosives, and smokeless powders, respectively. The combination of these six odors represents a comprehensive explosive odor kit with positive results for imprint on detection canines. As a proof of concept, the chemical compound PFTBA showed promise as a possible universal, non-target odor compound for comparison and calibration of detection canines and instrumentation. In a comparison study of shape versus vibration odor theory, the detection of d-methyl benzoate and methyl benzoate was explored using canine detectors. While results did not overwhelmingly substantiate either theory, shape odor theory provides a better explanation of the canine and human subject responses.

The Development of an Optimized System of Narcotic and Explosive Contraband Mimics for Calibration and Training of Biological Detectors

Current commercially available mimics contain varying amounts of either the actual explosive/drug or the chemical compound of suspected interest by biological detectors. As a result, there is significant interest in determining the dominant chemical odor signatures of the mimics, often referred to as pseudos, particularly when compared to the genuine contraband material. This dissertation discusses results obtained from the analysis of drug and explosive headspace related to the odor profiles as recognized by trained detection canines. Analysis was performed through the use of headspace solid phase microextraction in conjunction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Upon determination of specific odors, field trials were held using a combination of the target odors with COMPS. Piperonal was shown to be a dominant odor compound in the headspace of some ecstasy samples and a recognizable odor mimic by trained detection canines. It was also shown that detection canines could be imprinted on piperonal COMPS and correctly identify ecstasy samples at a threshold level of approximately 100ng/s. Isosafrole and/or MDP-2-POH show potential as training aid mimics for non-piperonal based MDMA. Acetic acid was shown to be dominant in the headspace of heroin samples and verified as a dominant odor in commercial vinegar samples; however, no common, secondary compound was detected in the headspace of either. Because of the similarities detected within respective explosive classes, several compounds were chosen for explosive mimics. A single based smokeless powder with a detectable level of 2,4-dinitrotoluene, a double based smokeless powder with a detectable level of nitroglycerine, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, DMNB, ethyl centralite and diphenylamine were shown to be accurate mimics for TNT-based explosives, NG-based explosives, plastic explosives, tagged explosives, and smokeless powders, respectively. The combination of these six odors represents a comprehensive explosive odor kit with positive results for imprint on detection canines. As a proof of concept, the chemical compound PFTBA showed promise as a possible universal, non-target odor compound for comparison and calibration of detection canines and instrumentation. In a comparison study of shape versus vibration odor theory, the detection of d-methyl benzoate and methyl benzoate was explored using canine detectors. While results did not overwhelmingly substantiate either theory, shape odor theory provides a better explanation of the canine and human subject responses.

Once a Catholic : a novel in stories and poems

"Once A Catholic" is a novel about the indelible effects of growing up Catholic. The novel is told in a series of stories and poems. The first story, "Credo," offers an overview of the rich culture of Catholicism that binds the Daley family together. "Before The Fall" recalls the safety and warmth of that Catholic faith. Subsequent stories focus on individual family members and events, and the Catholicity that lies at their core. "Holy Orders" tells the story the firstborn male child whose destination is the priesthood. "Finding Ecstasy" is a daughter's story of rebellion through sexual exploration. "Sweet Reconciliation" is the story of a search within oneself for forgiveness, the cornerstone of Catholic upbringing. "Acts of the Apostle" demonstrates the hopelessness of a faith under attack. The final story, "Holy Relics," demonstrates the never-ending desire for redemption and the important act of returning sacredness to its rightful place.

Corpos Queer e a experi��ncia da sexualidade: notas para o conhecimento da educa����o f��sica

This study had the goal of make a dialogue between queer theory and the thoughts of the French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty in the categories of body and sexuality. From this dialogue, other goals were designed, namely: identify possible recurrences of the experience of bodies and queer sexualities, designed under Merleau-Ponty���s perspective, to the knowledge of Physical Education and reflect on this domain of knowledge using the notions of queer epistemology and esthesia. The study had as methodology the phenomenological attitude proposed by Merleau-Ponty and use the reduction as technic of research. Trying linking these thoughts we used the cinema of the Spanish director Pedro Almod��var as perceptive strategy, an exercise of look as possibility of reading the world and new ways of perceiving the human being. We appreciate three films, namely: All About My Mother (1999), The Skin I Live In (2011) and Bad Education (2004), which put us in touch with bodies and queer sexualities, with the body of esthesia, of the ecstasy, sensations and lived experiences, un type of art whose contours are not fixed or determinable, postulate by Merleau-Ponty. The philosopher, provide a rich conceptual view of the body and their sexual experience, extends and opens horizons of thought and reflection about queer experience, one experience indeterminate and contingent as a singular way of inhabiting the world. Those horizons opened by the philosopher and added to the queer perspective contribute to put in question the modes of knowledge production and the knowledge about body and sexuality in Physical Education. Finally, we point that this theoretical conversation give us clues to reflect about the reverberations of a queer epistemology for Physical Education usiging one type of knowledge guided by esthesia and sensitivity as marks of another scientific rationality.

Impurity profiling and synthesis of precursors to the hallucinogenic amphetamine DOB

DOB (4���bromo���2,5���dimethoxyamphetamine) is a newly emerging hallucinogenic amphetamine that sparked serious health warnings in Ireland, following its first seizure back in 2003. Known more commonly as ���snowball���, this drug is highly potent and may be used as a substitute to ecstasy (MDMA) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). To date, the work carried out on the impurity profiling of DOB is limited in comparison to amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA. In this work, the impurity profile of 4���bromo���2,5���dimethoxyphenyl���2���propanone (4���Br���2,5���P2P) is explored. This ketone is a direct precursor to DOB. Its more versatile non���bromo analogue, 2,5��� dimethoxyphenyl���2���propanone (2,5���P2P) is also examined, as in addition to DOB, it may be used in the synthesis of a range of several other hallucinogenic amphetamines. A number of different routes to both 2,5���P2P and 4���Br���2,5���P2P were investigated. For each of these routes, the impurities produced were carefully isolated. Following isolation, the impurities were fully characterised (by 1H���NMR/13C���NMR spectroscopy, IR, MS), in order to aid structure elucidation. Compounds not easily resolved by flash column chromatography were analysed by LC���MS and/or independently synthesised for the purpose of attaining reference standards. Adaptation of the well���known ���phenylacetic acid route��� to synthesis of both 2,5���P2P and 4���Br���2,5���P2P, was found to provide low yields of the expected ketone products. Four impurities were isolated during the preparation of both ketones. The yield of one of these impurities (possessing a dibenzylketone core), was greatly influenced by the amount of acetic anhydride reagent used during the reaction. Having carried out the reaction with several different equivalents of acetic anhydride, it was found that formation of the ���dibenzylketone��� could not be eliminated. This may increase its likelihood of being detected in the final drug product. The ���Darzens route���, having very recently emerged as a synthetic route to amphetamine and MDMA precursors, was discovered to be a viable route for manufacture of 2,5���P2P and 4���Br���2,5���P2P. Despite execution of the reaction being more tedious, the route provides superior yields (���50���60%) to those achieved using the ���phenylacetic acid route��� (���35���38%). Incorporation of a bromine atom (at the aromatic 4���position) is required at some stage during synthesis of DOB. The bromination of many intermediates/starting materials was therefore also examined in detail. Bromination of the acid starting material 2,5���dimethoxyphenylacetic acid (2,5���PAA) was found to be clean and high yielding. This was in stark contrast to the bromination of the benzaldehyde starting material, the ketone precursor 2,5���P2P and the dibenzylketone���based impurity. Numerous brominated products were isolated from each of these reactions, many of which were novel compounds, and previously unreported as impurities in the literature. The unpredictable/nondescript nature of these brominations is likely to have a significant impact on the impurity profile of illicitly produced DOB.

La felicidad del mal

En el presente art��culo se aspira a poner de relieve c��mo Tuc��dides, al describir la guerra de Corcira y extraer las consecuencias morales de la misma, pone bajo el foco de su an��lisis incluso los bajos fondos de naturaleza humana, esa dimensi��n de la psique que permanece oculta o es negada cuando las sociedades viven en paz y con cierto grado de prosperidad. El resultado es la aparici��n del mal en toda su apoteosis existencial. Es decir, no ya el mal que infligimos unas veces sin querer y otras por necesidad, o por seguridad, o por miedo, etc. El mal que ah�� aparece como constitutivo del ser humano es el que se inflige cuando han desaparecido todas las condiciones que lo volv��an explicable y hasta necesario, el mal gratuito, el mal que ha aislado a su ejecutor de todo contexto, que ha transformado la voluntad del mismo en siervo suyo y que, a cambio, le procura ��xtasis de felicidad que s��lo ��l procura.

Perfil conductual de las drogas de dise��o MBDB, MDEA y PMA en modelos animales de agresi��n y ansiedad

MBDB, MDEA y PMA son tres drogas de dise��o, estructuralmente similares al MDMA (�����xtasis���), que se han identificado en la composici��n de pastillas distribuidas como �����xtasis��� en entornos recreativos durante los ��ltimos treinta a��os. Estas feniletilaminas sint��ticas presentan un perfil psicotr��pico de tipo entact��geno (con capacidad para facilitar la proximidad, el contacto y la comunicaci��n emp��tica), similar al del MDMA en el modelo de discriminaci��n de drogas. El MDMA ha sido objeto de un creciente inter��s cient��fico y es, hasta la fecha, la ��nica sustancia con un perfil entact��geno de la que se han investigado sus efectos conductuales en modelos animales de agresi��n y ansiedad, si bien sus resultados no siempre coinciden. Aunque existen algunas evidencias de que el MDMA puede tener efectos ansiol��ticos en animales de laboratorio (Lin, Burden, Christie, & Johnston, 1999; Morley & McGregor, 2000; Ho, Pawlak, Guo, & Schwarting, 2004), en otros estudios se han observado alteraciones conductuales y correlatos neuroqu��micos que sugieren un efecto ansiog��nico (Bhattacharya, Bhattacharya & Ghosal, 1998; Gurtman, Morley, Li, Hunt, & McGregor, 2002; Maldonado & Navarro, 2000;; Navarro & Maldonado, 2002). Asimismo, en otros trabajos se ha se��alado que el MDMA induce efectos antiagresivos (reducci��n de las conductas de amenaza y ataque), que se acompa��an de un marcado aumento de las conductas de evitaci��n/huida y defensa/sumisi��n, as�� como de una reducci��n de las conductas de investigaci��n social, sugiriendo tambi��n la existencia de un perfil ansiog��nico en los encuentros agon��sticos entre ratones machos (Maldonado & Navarro, 2001; Navarro & Maldonado, 1999). En contraste, hasta la fecha la informaci��n experimental de las drogas MBDB, MDEA y PMA se limita a la evaluaci��n de sus efectos conductuales sobre la conducta motora, as�� como algunos estudios sobre su metabolismo y posible mecanismo de acci��n. El objetivo general de este trabajo de investigaci��n ha sido estudiar el perfil conductual de MBDB, MDEA y PMA en modelos animales de agresi��n y ansiedad. Para ello, se han examinado los efectos del MBDB (2, 4 y 8 mg/kg), MDEA (5, 10 y 20 mg/kg) y PMA (2, 4, 8 y 12 mg/kg) utilizando el modelo de agresi��n inducida por aislamiento y el modelo de ansiedad del laberinto elevado en cruz en ratones machos. Los resultados indican que estas sustancias en general comparten un perfil antiagresivo inespec��fico. Esta falta de especificidad se debe en unos casos al aumento de las conductas de inmovilidad (4-12 mg/kg PMA), pero tambi��n a la presencia de propiedades ansiog��nicas durante la interacci��n social, en especial con dosis elevadas, mientras que solo las dosis m��s bajas parecen aumentar la proximidad social, en especial la dosis menor de MBDB. Adem��s, estas drogas parecen alterar el patr��n conductual agon��stico ofensivo (MBDB y MDEA) y defensivo (MBDB, MDEA y PMA), produciendo cambios di��dicos que resultan coherentes con un aumento del nivel de conflicto y de ansiedad. En consonancia, los resultados del modelo del laberinto elevado en cruz indican que el MBDB produce un aumento de la ansiedad de menor intensidad que el producido por el MDMA. Sin embargo, MDEA y PMA parecen generar un estado de hipoexploraci��n, y solo en dosis determinadas (20 mg/kg de MDEA y 4 mg/kg de PMA) muestran alteraciones discretas que sugieren un efecto ansiog��nico d��bil, un perfil que en conjunto podr��a sugerir cierta similitud con alteraciones conductuales propias de los compuestos alucin��genos. Debido a la diferencia del perfil conductual del MDEA y PMA hallados en ambos modelos, ser��a necesario evaluar la ansiedad y su posible relaci��n con la dosis y/o con la presencia de un oponente en la prueba en otros modelos experimentales. Lin, H. Q., Burden, P. M., Christie, M. J., & Johnston, G. A. R. (1999). The anxiogenic-like and anxiolytic-like effects of MDMA on mice in the elevated plus-maze: A comparison with amphetamine. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 62(3), 403-408. Morley, K. C., & McGregor, I. S. (2000). (��)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') increases social interaction in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 408(1), 41-49. Bhattacharya, S. K., Bhattacharya, A., & Ghosal, S. (1998). Anxiogenic activity of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy): An experimental study. Biogenic Amines, 14(3), 217-237. Gurtman, C. G., Morley, K. C., Li, K. M., Hunt, G. E., & McGregor, I. S. (2002). Increased anxiety in rats after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine: Association with serotonin depletion. European Journal of Pharmacology, 446(1-3), 89-96. Ho, Y., Pawlak, C. R., Guo, L., & Schwarting, R. K. W. (2004). Acute and long-term consequences of single MDMA administration in relation to individual anxiety levels in the rat. Behavioural Brain Research, 149(2), 135-144. Maldonado, E., & Navarro, J. F. (2000). Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) on anxiety in mice tested in the light/dark box. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 24(3), 463-472. Maldonado, E., & Navarro, J. F. (2001b). MDMA ('ecstasy') exhibits an anxiogenic-like activity in social encounters between male mice. Pharmacological Research, 44(1), 27-31. Navarro, J. F., & Maldonado, E. (1999). Behavioral profile of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) in agonistic encounters between male mice. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 23(2), 327-334. Navarro, J. F., & Maldonado, E. (2002). Acute and subchronic effects of MDMA ("ecstasy") on anxiety in male mice tested in the elevated plus-maze. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 26(6), 1151-1154.

Manifesta����es orais associadas ao consumo da droga de abuso MDMA

O uso para fins ou meios festivos de lazer da droga il��cita MDMA, tamb��m chamado de Ecstasy ou Moly, tem vindo a aumentar drasticamente em Portugal e no Mundo. Esta situa����o desafia os profissionais de sa��de para v��rios par��metros na sa��de oral e geral. O objetivo desta disserta����o visa avaliar e descrever as les��es e patologias na cavidade oral que est��o relacionadas com o consumo da subst��ncia il��cita MDMA. As consequ��ncias para a cavidade oral podem ser a xerostomia, o bruxismo, as c��ries rampantes, a doen��a periodontal, o desgaste e a eros��o dent��ria, e as les��es dos tecidos moles. Os indiv��duos consumidores podem apresentar car��ncias nutricionais e um est��mulo aumentado �� dor. A gest��o do progn��stico e o tratamento realizado aos consumidores de MDMA, pois afeta v��rios ��rg��os e sistemas no corpo humano, requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar que inclui educa����o, preven����o e tratamento integrados. Esta revis��o bibliogr��fica teve com base artigos publicados em revistas cient��ficos e monografias dispon��veis em v��rios motores de busca. As palavras-chave usadas foram: ���ecstasy���, ���MDMA���, ���oral manifestations���, ���oral health���, ���substance abuse���, ���overdose treatment���, ���xerostomia��� e ���methamenfetamine��� e a sua conjuga����o. As situa����es orais, perante as mais prevalentes comorbidades patog��nicas relacionadas com o MDMA e outras depend��ncias il��citas, necessitam de mais aten����o e refor��o em rela����o �� pr��tica cl��nica e aos servi��os de sa��de. Uma das dificuldades para o tratamento correto destes indiv��duos �� a falta de informa����o sobre o assunto referente �� pr��tica na cl��nica dent��ria. A omiss��o sobre o consumo por parte do paciente bem como de uma reca��da no uso, apresentam d��vidas sobre o fator em causa ou at�� mesmo no diagn��stico. S��o, muitas vezes, os M��dicos Dentistas os primeiros a terem a oportunidade de diagnosticar o aparecimento de poss��veis altera����es surgidas em virtude do consumo de MDMA.

Coca��na e crack: outras drogas

Texto que comp��e a unidade 3 do m��dulo 4, ���Coca��na e crack���, do Curso de Capacita����o em Depend��ncia Qu��mica, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os efeitos e tratamentos �� algumas subst��ncias que s��o cada vez mais utilizadas por adolescentes e jovens, tais como a ecstasy, LSD, Rohypnol, anfetaminas e outras