The Schwarmgeister: The Development of Ecclesiastical Doctrine Through Schismatic Movements

Throughout the Christian story, Church doctrine and ecclesiology have been shrouded in controversy. From the Council of Nicea in 325, when are early Church fathers debated about the Trinity of Christ all the way to the modern day with Vatican II theological controversies have been important in the molding of Christian doctrine on the structure, role, and function of the Church. What makes those controversies different from the ones I treat in my thesis is that the previously mentioned controversies did not lead to schismatic divisions in the Church. The Donatist controversy and Luther's theological battle with Karlstadt were major movements that endangered the unity of the Church. These controversies propagated crucial writings and teachings in two major areas. The first area is the spiritual power and validity of the sacraments. Second is the role, function, and ecclesiology of the Church, with particular attention to the authority of the ministry. I want to demonstrate that these controversies refined the Church's thinking on sacramental issues such as baptism and Eucharist, as well as address the question of who has the power in the Church? And to what extent do they have the power to press reforms?

Unitarianism, its origin and history : a course of sixteen lectures /

Introduction. [Signed: H.G.S.]--Early Christian doctrine. By J.H. Allen.--Christianity from the fifth to the fifteenth century. By A.P. Peabody.--Unitarianism and the reformation. By S.C. Beach.--Unitarianism in England. By B. Herford.--The contact of American Unitarianism and German thought. By J.H. Allen.--The church and the parish in Massachusetts. Usage and law. By G.E. Ellis.--Early New England Unitarians. By A.P. Peabody.--Channing. By G.W. Briggs.--Transcendentalism: the New England renaissance. By F. Tiffany.--Theodore Parker. By S.B. Stewart.--Unitarianism and modern literature. By F. Hornbrooke.--Unitarianism and modern Biblical criticism. By J. de Normandie.--Unitarianism and modern scientific thought. By T.R. Slicer.--The law of righteousness. By G. Batchelor.--The relation of Unitarianism to philosophy. By C.C. Everett.--Ecclesiastical and denominational tendencies. By G. Reynolds.

The history of Dunbar, from the earliest records to the present period: with a description of the ancient castles and picturesque scenery on the borders of East Lothian.

Added t.-p., engr.

Ecclesiastical memorials, relating chiefly to religion, and the reformation of it, and the emergencies of the Church of England, under King Henry VIII. King Edward VI. and Queen Mary I. with large appendixes, containing original papers, records, &c. /

Binder's title: Strype's works, VIII-XIII.

An inquiry into the right to change the ecclesiastical constitution of the Congregational churches of Massachusetts : with a preface addressed to the Rev. Joseph Lyman, D. D. under the sanction of whose name such a change has been proposed to the people of this state : to which is prefixed Dr. Morse's Report to the General Association of Massachusetts, from the Panoplist of August, 1815 /

Signed: A layman.

Cyclopaedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature /

Vols. 11-12 are supplements.

Cyclopædia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature /

Includes 2 v. supplement. 1885-87.

A dictionary of the Holy Bible : containing an historical account of the persons : a geographical and historical account of the places : a literal, critical, and systematical description of other objects ... and the explication of the appellative terms, mentioned in the writings of the Old and New Testament : The whole comprising whatever important is known concerning the antiquities of the Hebrew nation and church of God : forming a sacred commentary, a body of Scripture history, chronology, and divinity, and serving in a great measure as a concordance to the Bible. /

Mode of access: Internet.

Christian institutions; essays on ecclesiastical subjects,

Mode of access: Internet.

Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history, and kindred subjects.

Inaugural (February 7, 1867) -- On the present state and prospects of historical study (May 17, 1876) -- On the present state and prospects of historical study (May 20, 1876) -- On the purposes and methods of historical study (May 15, 1877) -- Methods of historical study (May 18, 1877) -- Learning and literature at the court of Henry II (June 11, 1878) -- Learning and literature at the court of Henry II (June 13, 1878) -- The mediaeval kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia (October 26 and 29, 1878) -- On the characteristic differences between mediaeval and modern history (April 15, 1880) -- On the characteristic differences between mediaeval and modern history (April 17, 1880) -- The reign of Henry VIII (June 7, 1881) -- Parliament under Henry VIII (June 9, 1881) -- The history of the canon law in England (April 19, 1882) -- The history of the canon law in England (April 20, 1882) -- The reign of Henry VII (April 24, 1883) -- The reign of Henry VII (April 25, 1883) -- A last statutory public lecture (May 8, 1884).

Tullich Aberdeenshire : a reappraisal of an early ecclesiastical site and its carved stones in the light of recent excavations

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Bruce Mann of Aberdeenshire Council Archaeology Service for his support throughout and for funding Area F and Historic Scotland for granting SMC for the excavation of Area A. Thanks are due to the tenant farmer Allan Adams and to Helen Rickwood, Jan Dunbar, Colin Mitchell, Sheila Young, Emma Gibson, Veronica Ross, Irvine Ross, Brian Dewar and Sheila Duthie for their work on site. We are grateful to Ian Cameron for help in gathering oral history of some of the crosses found in the 1950s/60s. John Borland, Katherine Forsyth, Simon Taylor and Ross Trench-Jellicoe have provided valuable comments on the sculpture. We would like to thank Invercauld Estate for access to their archive and permission to photograph and reproduce the Scroll Plan, and their honorary archivist, Sheila Sedgwick for her help and patience. We are grateful to Nigel Trewin for identification of the geology of the crosses. The drawings of Tullich 16 and 17 are by Jan Dunbar.

Tullich Aberdeenshire : a reappraisal of an early ecclesiastical site and its carved stones in the light of recent excavations

Peer reviewed