USO DE TEORIAS NO CAMPO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO: MAPEAMENTO USANDO TÉCNICAS DE MINERAÇÃO DE TEXTOS

Esta dissertação visa apresentar o mapeamento do uso das teorias de sistemas de informações, usando técnicas de recuperação de informação e metodologias de mineração de dados e textos. As teorias abordadas foram Economia de Custos de Transações (Transactions Costs Economics TCE), Visão Baseada em Recursos da Firma (Resource-Based View-RBV) e Teoria Institucional (Institutional Theory-IT), sendo escolhidas por serem teorias de grande relevância para estudos de alocação de investimentos e implementação em sistemas de informação, tendo como base de dados o conteúdo textual (em inglês) do resumo e da revisão teórica dos artigos dos periódicos Information System Research (ISR), Management Information Systems Quarterly (MISQ) e Journal of Management Information Systems (JMIS) no período de 2000 a 2008. Os resultados advindos da técnica de mineração textual aliada à mineração de dados foram comparadas com a ferramenta de busca avançada EBSCO e demonstraram uma eficiência maior na identificação de conteúdo. Os artigos fundamentados nas três teorias representaram 10% do total de artigos dos três períodicos e o período mais profícuo de publicação foi o de 2001 e 2007.(AU)

Educational and behavioural interventions for anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background Current guidelines recommend oral anticoagulation therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation who are at moderate-to-high risk of stroke, however anticoagulation control (time in therapeutic range (TTR)) is dependent on many factors. Educational and behavioural interventions may impact on patients’ ability to maintain their International Normalised Ratio (INR) control. Objectives To evaluate the effects on TTR of educational and behavioural interventions for oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) in The Cochrane Library (2012, Issue 7 of 12), MEDLINE Ovid (1950 to week 4 July 2012), EMBASE Classic + EMBASE Ovid (1947 to Week 31 2012), PsycINFO Ovid (1806 to 2012 week 5 July) on 8 August 2012 and CINAHL Plus with Full Text EBSCO (to August 2012) on 9 August 2012. We applied no language restrictions. Selection criteria The primary outcome analysed was TTR. Secondary outcomes included decision conflict (patient's uncertainty in making health-related decisions), percentage of INRs in the therapeutic range, major bleeding, stroke and thromboembolic events, patient knowledge, patient satisfaction, quality of life (QoL), and anxiety. Data collection and analysis The two review authors independently extracted data. Where insufficient data were present to conduct a meta-analysis, effect sizes and confidence intervals (CIs) of the included studies were reported. Data were pooled for two outcomes, TTR and decision conflict. Main results Eight trials with a total of 1215 AF patients (number of AF participants included in the individual trials ranging from 14 to 434) were included within the review. Studies included education, decision aids, and self-monitoring plus education. For the primary outcome of TTR, data for the AF participants in two self-monitoring plus education trials were pooled and did not favour self-monitoring plus education or usual care in improving TTR, with a mean difference of 6.31 (95% CI -5.63 to 18.25). For the secondary outcome of decision conflict, data from two decision aid trials favoured usual care over the decision aid in terms of reducing decision conflict, with a mean difference of -0.1 (95% CI -0.2 to -0.02). Authors' conclusions This review demonstrated that there is insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions regarding the impact of educational or behavioural interventions on TTR in AF patients receiving OAT. Thus, more trials are needed to examine the impact of interventions on anticoagulation control in AF patients and the mechanisms by which they are successful. It is also important to explore the psychological implications for patients suffering from this long-term chronic condition.

Educational and behavioural interventions for anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation

background Current guidelines recommend oral anticoagulation therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation who are at moderate-to-high risk of stroke, however anticoagulation control (time in therapeutic range (TTR)) is dependent on many factors. Educational and behavioural interventions may impact on patients’ ability to maintain their International Normalised Ratio (INR) control. Objectives To evaluate the effects on TTR of educational and behavioural interventions for oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) in The Cochrane Library (2012, Issue 7 of 12), MEDLINE Ovid (1950 to week 4 July 2012), EMBASE Classic + EMBASE Ovid (1947 to Week 31 2012), PsycINFO Ovid (1806 to 2012 week 5 July) on 8 August 2012 and CINAHL Plus with Full Text EBSCO (to August 2012) on 9 August 2012. We applied no language restrictions. Selection criteria The primary outcome analysed was TTR. Secondary outcomes included decision conflict (patient's uncertainty in making health-related decisions), percentage of INRs in the therapeutic range, major bleeding, stroke and thromboembolic events, patient knowledge, patient satisfaction, quality of life (QoL), and anxiety. Data collection and analysis The two review authors independently extracted data. Where insufficient data were present to conduct a meta-analysis, effect sizes and confidence intervals (CIs) of the included studies were reported. Data were pooled for two outcomes, TTR and decision conflict. Main results Eight trials with a total of 1215 AF patients (number of AF participants included in the individual trials ranging from 14 to 434) were included within the review. Studies included education, decision aids, and self-monitoring plus education. For the primary outcome of TTR, data for the AF participants in two self-monitoring plus education trials were pooled and did not favour self-monitoring plus education or usual care in improving TTR, with a mean difference of 6.31 (95% CI -5.63 to 18.25). For the secondary outcome of decision conflict, data from two decision aid trials favoured usual care over the decision aid in terms of reducing decision conflict, with a mean difference of -0.1 (95% CI -0.2 to -0.02). Authors' conclusions This review demonstrated that there is insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions regarding the impact of educational or behavioural interventions on TTR in AF patients receiving OAT. Thus, more trials are needed to examine the impact of interventions on anticoagulation control in AF patients and the mechanisms by which they are successful. It is also important to explore the psychological implications for patients suffering from this long-term chronic condition.

Perceptions and experiences of the implementation, management, use and optimisation of electronic prescribing systems in hospital settings:protocol for a systematic review of qualitative studies

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) or computerised provider/physician order entry (CPOE) systems can improve the quality and safety of healthcare services. However, it has also become clear that their implementation is not straightforward and may create unintended or undesired consequences once in use. In this context, qualitative approaches have been particularly useful and their interpretative synthesis could make an important and timely contribution to the field. This review will aim to identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies on ePrescribing/CPOE in hospital settings, with or without clinical decision support. Methods and analysis: Data sources will include the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, MEDLINE In Process, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, The Cochrane Library (CDSR, DARE and CENTRAL databases), Nursing and Allied Health Sources, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts via ProQuest and SCOPUS. In addition, other sources will be searched for ongoing studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) and grey literature: Healthcare Management Information Consortium, Conference Proceedings Citation Index (Web of Science) and Sociological abstracts. Studies will be independently screened for eligibility by 2 reviewers. Qualitative studies, either standalone or in the context of mixed-methods designs, reporting the perspectives of any actors involved in the implementation, management and use of ePrescribing/CPOE systems in hospital-based care settings will be included. Data extraction will be conducted by 2 reviewers using a piloted form. Quality appraisal will be based on criteria from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Studies will not be excluded based on quality assessment. A postsynthesis sensitivity analysis will be undertaken. Data analysis will follow the thematic synthesis method. Ethics and dissemination: The study does not require ethical approval as primary data will not be collected. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.

The knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of patients and their healthcare professionals around oral dosage form modification: a systematic review of the qualitative literature

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the available qualitative evidence on the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of adult patients, healthcare professionals and carers about oral dosage form modification. Design: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies was undertaken, utilising the thematic synthesis approach. Data sources: The following databases were searched from inception to September 2015: PubMed, Medline (EBSCO), EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest Databases, Scopus, Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). Citation tracking and searching the references lists of included studies was also undertaken. Grey literature was searched using the OpenGrey database, internet searching and personal knowledge. An updated search was undertaken in June 2016. Review methods: Studies meeting the following criteria were eligible for inclusion; (i) used qualitative data collection and analysis methods; (ii) full-text was available in English; (iii) included adult patients who require oral dosage forms to be modified to meet their needs or; (iv) carers or healthcare professionals of patients who require oral dosage forms to be modified. Two reviewers independently appraised the quality of the included studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist. A thematic synthesis was conducted and analytical themes were generated. Results: Of 5455 records screened, seven studies were eligible for inclusion; three involved healthcare professionals and the remaining four studies involved patients. Four analytical themes emerged from the thematic synthesis: (i) patient-centred individuality and variability; (ii) communication; (iii) knowledge and uncertainty and; (iv) complexity. The variability of individual patient’s requirements, poor communication practices and lack of knowledge about oral dosage form modification, when combined with the complex and multi-faceted healthcare environment complicate decision making regarding oral dosage form modification and administration. Conclusions: This systematic review has highlighted the key factors influencing the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of patients and healthcare professionals about oral dosage form modifications. The findings suggest that in order to optimise oral medicine modification practices the needs of individual patients should be routinely and systematically assessed and decision-making should be supported by evidence based recommendations with multidisciplinary input. Further research is needed to optimise oral dosage form modification practices and the factors identified in this review should be considered in the development of future interventions.

Utomhuspedagogikens betydelse för elevers lärande i ekologi : En systematisk litteraturstudie

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att med hjälp av tidigare forskning undersöka på vilket sätt utomhuspedagogik kan bidra till förståelsen av ekologi för elever i årskurs F-6. Metoden är en systematisk litteraturstudie. Sökningarna har skett via avhandlingar.se, NorDiNa, Summon och ERIC(Ebsco). Metod, urval och sökprocesser är tydligt beskrivna och studien är på så vis öppen för granskning. Denna studie visar att elever får genom utomhuspedagogiken erfarenheter och upplevelser, både att minnas och att samarbeta kring. I kommunikationen och reflektionen som sker i klassrummet när eleverna får växla mellan att vara både utom- och inomhus, ger eleverna möjlighet att utveckla förmågan att läsa naturen. Utomhuspedagogiken bidrar till att eleverna får använda både teori och praktik och att hela kroppen ingår i lärandet. Av största vikt är lärarens förmåga att planera och genomföra utomhuspedagogisk undervisning för att kunna lägga grunden, bygga vidare och fördjupa elevens lärande om ekologi. Det som inverkar på elevens lärande är tillgången och kvaliteten på utemiljön. Slutsatsen blir att utomhuspedagogiken utgör ett viktigt komplement till den traditionella klassrumsundervisningen för att utveckla elevernas förmåga att förstå sambanden i ekosystem, näringsvävar och energiflöden.

Utomhuspedagogikens betydelse för elevers lärande i ekologi : En systematisk litteraturstudie

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att med hjälp av tidigare forskning undersöka på vilket sätt utomhuspedagogik kan bidra till förståelsen av ekologi för elever i årskurs F-6. Metoden är en systematisk litteraturstudie. Sökningarna har skett via avhandlingar.se, NorDiNa, Summon och ERIC(Ebsco). Metod, urval och sökprocesser är tydligt beskrivna och studien är på så vis öppen för granskning. Denna studie visar att elever får genom utomhuspedagogiken erfarenheter och upplevelser, både att minnas och att samarbeta kring. I kommunikationen och reflektionen som sker i klassrummet när eleverna får växla mellan att vara både utom-och inomhus, ger eleverna möjlighet att utveckla förmågan att läsa naturen. Utomhuspedagogiken bidrar till att eleverna får använda både teori och praktik och att hela kroppen ingår i lärandet. Av största vikt är lärarens förmåga att planera och genomföra utomhuspedagogisk undervisning för att kunna lägga grunden, bygga vidare och fördjupa elevens lärande om ekologi. Det som inverkar på elevens lärande är tillgången och kvaliteten på utemiljön. Slutsatsen blir att utomhuspedagogiken utgör ett viktigt komplement till den traditionella klassrumsundervisningen för att utveckla elevernas förmåga att förstå sambanden i ekosystem, näringsvävar och energiflöden.

Teknikundervisning i grundskolan : En systematisk litteraturstudie om hur undervisningen kan utformas så att eleverna utvecklar förmågor i ämnet teknik

Syftet med denna studie var att se vad tidigare forskning säger om på vilka sätt elever kan utveckla förmågorna att analysera och reflektera kring tekniska lösningar samt se behov och lösa problem med hjälp av teknik, som anges i kursplanen för ämnet teknik i grundskolan. För att besvara dessa frågeställningar har en systematisk litteraturstudie gjorts där tidigare forskning har använts för att sammanställa ett resultat. Sökningar har gjorts i databaserna Summon, Eric (via Ebsco) och NorDiNa och relevanta artiklar har valts ut, sammanställts och diskuterats. I studien framkommer ett antal faktorer som är viktiga för elevernas utveckling av förmågorna. En faktor som framkommit i denna studie är behovet av diskussioner där eleverna får möjlighet att delge sina reflektioner kopplat till tekniska lösningar och ta till sig andras reflektioner, vilket har visat sig vara viktig för elevernas analysförmåga. En annan faktor är att eleverna behöver tid att testa och konstruera om för att utveckla sina idéer samt ges möjlighet att koppla tekniken till sin vardag. Det har också visat sig vara viktigt att problemlösningsuppgifterna inte är styrda att leda till ett specifikt resultat utan istället handlar om att träna elevernas förmåga att upptäcka olika lösningsförslag.

La supplémentation nutritionnelle dans la prévention et le traitement des troubles cognitifs associés à la maladie d’Alzheimer

Cette recension systématique analyse 19 essais cliniques randomisés contre placebo qui mesurent l’effet de suppléments d’oméga-3, de vitamines B (B6, B9 et B12), ou de vitamines antioxydantes (C et E), sur le fonctionnement cognitif d’aînés avec ou sans trouble cognitif. Les bases de données consultées pour la recherche des articles sont Cochrane Library, Current Contents, EBSCO, EMBASE, MEDLINE et PsycNet. Les mots clés utilisés sont «alzheimer’s disease», or «mild cognitive impairment», or «cognitive decline»; and «dietary supplements» or «vitamin C», or «vitamin E», or «alpha-tocopherol», or «vitamin B», or «cobalamin», or «folic acid», or «omega 3», or «fatty acids»; and «prevention», or «treatment». La recherche inclut les articles publiés en anglais et en français, de 1999 à juin 2014. Les différents suppléments à l’étude sont bien tolérés et sécuritaires. Des résultats significatifs sont enregistrés sur des mesures cognitives suite à la supplémentation en oméga-3, et en vitamines B, chez des participants sans trouble cognitif ou avec un diagnostic de trouble cognitif léger. Chez les participants atteints de la maladie d’Alzheimer, des résultats significatifs sont surtout enregistrés sur des mesures fonctionnelles, de symptômes psychologiques et comportementaux, ou de qualité de vie, suite à l’administration d’un supplément nutritionnel. La présence d’une hétérogénéité importante dans la méthodologie des essais cliniques limite toutefois les conclusions quant à la pertinence clinique de ces traitements. L’établissement de lignes directrices suite à un consensus d’experts s’avère nécessaire afin d’uniformiser la recherche sur cette nouvelle piste d’intervention dans la prévention et le traitement de la maladie d’Alzheimer.

Radiação-x no diagnóstico em Medicina Dentária

A radiação-x foi descoberta há mais de uma centena de anos e com o avanço tecnológico diversas formas de aplicação têm vindo a ser descobertas. A utilização constante, devido à ajuda preciosa que estes dispositivos fornecem aos clínicos de Medicina Dentária, faz com que o paciente venha, de forma crescente, a ser exposto a este tipo de radiação. Este trabalho de revisão descritiva tem como principal propósito analisar os riscos, as formas de avaliação e de proteção da radiação-x, no âmbito do seu uso em Medicina Dentária. Para o efeito, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, tendo-se recorrido ao motor de busca EBSCO host©, utilizando as frases boleanas: (X-ray risk OR Radiography risk OR Dental x-ray risk) AND (Dental Medicine OR Oral), foi substituída a palavra risk por “evaluation” e por “protection”. Desta pesquisa resultaram 82 documentos como referências bibliográficas. Esta revisão de literatura permitiu compreender a diferença entre radiação ionizante e não ionizante, quais os dispositivos utlizados na Medicina Dentária e o seu funcionamento geral, quais as unidades de medida da radiação, quais os riscos iminentes à exposição cumulativa e quais as suas consequências biológicas, perceber de que forma a legislação Portuguesa tem evoluído em matéria de radiação ionizante, quais as diversas formas de redução da dose absorvida pelo paciente e quais as medidas de proteção para os profissionais de saúde expostos à radiação ionizante.

Tratamento cirúrgico convencional da peri-implantite

Introdução: A peri-implantite, um processo inflamatório que destroi e afeta tanto os tecidos moles como o tecido osseo em redor de um implante dentário Esta patologia vai ter grande influência a quando da escolha de uma solução terapêutica, sendo as principais opções terapêuticas a cirurgia regenerativa e ressetiva. Objetivo: Efetuar uma revisão bibliográfica no que diz respeito á peri-implantite e aos seus tratamentos cirurgicos convencionais, abordando tambem questões epidemiologicas da patologia e fatores de risco. Metodologia: A presente revisão bibliográfica foi baseada em informação ciêntifica publicada. Recorreu-se ás seguintes bases de dados: “MEDLINE/Pubmed”, “SciELO”, “EBSCO HOST” e “Science Direct”, através da introdução das seguintes palavras-chave: “Peri-implantitis”, “Mucositis”, “Peri-implant infections”, “Diagnosis”, “Treatment”, “Risk factors”, “Surgical treatment”. Conclusão: Para cada situação clínica de peri-implantite, é importante recorrer a diversos parâmetros de diagnóstico, como por exemplo o índice de placa, profundidade e hemorragia à sondagem, supuração e a evidência de perda óssea radiográfica. Aquando de reabilitação oral com implantes, o paciente deverá obedecer a um programa de manutenção eficaz, com o objetivo de manter a integridade dos tecidos peri-implantares. Na literatura científica são descritas diversas possibilidades de tratamento, existe enumero protocolos terapêuticos a efetuar. O médico dentista deve adoptar com base no diagnostico rigoroso o melhor tratamento a efetuar. Nesta linha de pensamentos existem várias aborgens terapêuticas que podemos efetuar, sendo a cirurgia ressetiva e a cirurgia regenerativa soluções têrapeuticas de elevada importância no que diz respeito ao sucesso no tratamento da peri-implantite.

Learning Management Systems (LMS) and e-learning management: an integrative review and research agenda

Information Technology (IT) can be an important component for innovation since enabling e-learning it can provide conditions to which the organization can work with new business and improved processes. In this regard, the Learning Management Systems (LMS) allows communication and interaction between teachers and students in virtual spaces. However the literature indicates that there are gaps in the researches, especially concerning the use of IT for the management of e-learning. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the available literature about the application of LMS for the e-learning management, seeking to present possibilities for researches in the field. An integrative literature review was performed considering the Web of Science, Scopus, Ebsco and Scielo databases, where 78 references were found, of which 25 were full papers. This analysis derives interesting characteristics from scientific studies, highlighting gaps and guidelines for future research.

ASSOCIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE ADOLESCENTES, FAMILIARES E PARES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a atividade física (AF) de pais, irmãos e pares à AF de adolescentes brasileiros por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Métodos: Realizou-se revisão sistemática em duas etapas, em junho de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014, nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO e LILACS, utilizando-se quatro grupos de descritores, sendo estes “influência de pais e irmãos”, “atividade física”, “tipo de amostra” e “nacionalidade”, nos idiomas inglês e português, que atendesse aos seguintes critérios: (i) indivíduos saudáveis; (ii) adolescentes brasileiros; (iii) estudos abordando a AF; e (iv) estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2014. Resultados: A busca nas bases de dados resultou em 2.094 títulos de artigos potencialmente relevantes, mas apenas 7 atenderam a todos os critérios de inclusão. Há uma associação positiva entre a AF de pais e filhos, porém, ao estratificar por sexo, esta é encontrada apenas no feminino, tanto para a inatividade quanto para estar fisicamente ativo. O apoio social possui grande influência na AF de crianças e adolescentes, no entanto, tal associação não foi encontrada em estudos longitudinais. Conclusão: Existe uma associação positiva entre a atividade física do pai e da mãe com suas filhas, tanto para a inatividade quanto para serem ativos, mas não foram encontradas associações entre os pais e os filhos, fato também observado para com irmãos inativos. O apoio social mostrou-se eficaz para aumentar o nível de atividade física de adolescentes.

El Modelo de Educación Deportiva en España: una revisión del estado de la cuestión y prospectiva

En la actualidad, han sido varias las aplicaciones del Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) en el sistema educativo español. Sin embargo, las investigaciones con este innovador modelo de enseñanza son escasas. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el progreso y la evolución del MED en España desde el 2010 hasta 2014, así como el impacto que ha tenido en los estudiantes y docentes que lo han llevado a cabo. En este trabajo se han registrado 12 estudios realizados en distintas modalidades deportivas, con diferentes metodologías, duración, dimensiones de aprendizaje y niveles educativos. Se ha realizado una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en EBSCO HOST, Dialnet, SPORTDiscus y Google Scholar, con las palabras clave: "Sport Education", "Educación Deportiva", "Modelo de Educación Deportiva", "Modelo de Educación", "Modelo de Enseñanza" y "Modelo". Los hallazgos demuestran las posibilidades del MED en relación al fomento de competencias básicas, motivación, participación, implicación del género femenino en los deportes o la inclusión de alumnos no integrados. No obstante, el estado de la investigación en torno al MED indica la necesidad de desarrollar adecuadamente aspectos claves para una aplicación eficaz del modelo, entre otros la formación previa y organización de los docentes o el reparto de roles-funciones de los alumnos. Tras la revisión efectuada, se puede concluir que el MED puede educar a los estudiantes para que logren ser más cultos, competentes, entusiastas y que adopten un estilo de vida activo. Esto se debe a que con el MED los alumnos pueden mejorar sus conocimientos y experimentar el/los deporte/s de forma autónoma, divertida y responsable, aprendiendo valores sociales positivos de forma simultánea.