¡Hasta la última papeleta! Las elecciones italianas del 9 y 10 de abril de 2006

La oposición de centro-izquierda ha ganado las elecciones italianas de 9/10 abril 2006 por solamente 24.000 votos, lo 0,6 por ciento de 38 millones de electores. Ha ganado también la mayoría de los escaños en el Senado gracias al voto de los italianos en el extranjero. Como la mayoría en el Senado es de solamente dos escaños y como el Senado tiene los mismos poderes de la otra cámara, el Gobierno Prodi, que ha sustituido después de cinco años lo de Berlusconi, puede tener una vida muy difícil. Cuanto al sistema de partido salido de las elecciones, eso se confirma el modelo de “bipolarismo fragmentado”: se ha realizado la alternancia en el poder por la tercera vez consecutiva y se han mantenido dentro de las dos coaliciones muchos partidos tal vez conflictivos entre ellos.

Prévalence de la dénutrition chez 143 adultes en bilan prétransplantation hépatique. Experience lausannoise de 1997 a 2005 [Prevalence of undernutrition in 143 patients before liver transplantation. The Lausanne experience between 1997 and 2005]

The prevalence of undernutrition was prospectively studied in 143 patients before liver transplantation between 1997 and 2005. Nutritional assessment is a particularly tricky problem in cirrhosis and mid-arm muscle circumference is considered as the best reliable anthropometric tool. In this prospective study, prevalence rate is very high (61%) and undernutrition is more frequent in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. In conclusion, these patients should benefit from an early dietician intervention before liver transplantation.

Las Elecciones municipales de 2007 en Cataluña

A partir d’una breu explicació de l’evolució electoral produïda a Catalunya des dels comicis municipals de 1999, es realitza una aproximació als resultats de les darreres eleccions municipals de maig de 2007 des d’una òptica doble. D’una banda s’analitzen els resultats electorals en les seves diverses vessants, es a dir, es tracta el comportament electorals dels ciutadans de Catalunya reflectit en la participació i en el vot als principals partits, sempre tenint present la particularitat de l’existència d’un sistema propi de partits polítics, diferent de que s’ha configurat al conjunt d’Espanya. En segon lloc s’analitza l’evolució de la representació política que aquests resultats electorals ha produït i, per tant, la configuració dels Ajuntaments catalans com a resultat del seu procés constitutiu.

Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality in the Americas, 1997-2008: Achievements and persistent inadequacies.

Although therapeutic advancements have made Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) a largely curable disease, trends in HL mortality have been variable across countries. To provide updated information on HL mortality in the Americas, overall and 20-44 years age-standardized (world population) mortality rates from HL were derived for the 12 Latin American countries providing valid data to the World Health Organization database and with more than two million of inhabitants. For comparative purpose, data for the United States and Canada were also presented. Trends in mortality over the 1997 to 2008 period are based on joinpoint regression analysis. Declines in HL mortality were registered in all Latin American countries except in Venezuela. In most recent years, HL mortality had fallen to about 0.3/100,000 men and 0.2/100,000 women in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Guatemala, that is, to values similar to North America. Despite some declines, rates remained high in Cuba (1/100,000 men and 0.7/100,000 women), Costa Rica and Mexico as well as in Venezuela (between 0.5 and 0.6/100,000 men and between 0.3 and 0.5/100,000 women). In young adults, trends were more favorable in all Latin American countries except Cuba, whose rates remained exceedingly high (0.8/100,000 men and 0.6/100,000 women). Thus, appreciable declines in HL mortality were observed in most Latin America over the last decade, and several major countries reached values comparable to North America. Substantial excess mortality was still observed in Cuba, Costa Rica, Mexico and Venezuela, calling for urgent interventions to improve HL management in these countries.

Monetary policy under the Labour government 1997- 2010: the first 13 years of the MPC

This paper examines the performance of monetary policy under the new framework established in 1997 up to the end of the Labour government in May 2010. Performance was relatively good in the years before the crisis, but much weaker from 2008. The new framework largely neglected open economy issues, while the Treasury’s EMU assessment in 2003 can be interpreted in different ways. inflation targeting in the UK and elsewhere may have contributed in some way to the eruption and depth of the financial crisis from 2008, but UK monetary policy responded in a bold and innovative way. Overall, the design and operation of monetary policy were much better than in earlier periods, but there remains scope for significant further evolution.

Trends in self-reported prevalence and management of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes in Swiss adults, 1997-2007.

Switzerland has a low mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases, but little is known regarding prevalence and management of cardiovascular risk factors (CV RFs: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes) in the general population. In this study, we assessed 10-year trends in self-reported prevalence and management of cardiovascular risk factors in Switzerland. data from three national health interview surveys conducted between 1997 and 2007 in representative samples of the Swiss adult population (49,261 subjects overall). Self-reported CV RFs prevalence, treatment and control levels were computed. The sample was weighted to match the sex - and age distribution, geographical location and nationality of the entire adult population of Switzerland. self-reported prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes increased from 22.1%, 11.9% and 3.3% in 1997 to 24.1%, 17.4% and 4.8% in 2007, respectively. Prevalence of self-reported treatment among subjects with CV RFs also increased from 52.1%, 18.5% and 50.0% in 1997 to 60.4%, 38.8% and 53.3% in 2007 for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, respectively. Self-reported control levels increased from 56.4%, 52.9% and 50.0% in 1997 to 80.6%, 75.1% and 53.3% in 2007 for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, respectively. Finally, screening during the last 12 months increased from 84.5%, 86.5% and 87.4% in 1997 to 94.0%, 94.6% and 94.1% in 2007 for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, respectively. in Switzerland, the prevalences of self-reported hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes have increased between 1997 and 2007. Management and screening have improved, but further improvements can still be achieved as over one third of subjects with reported CV RFs are not treated.

Los Actores económicos y la dimensión regional : la Cambra de Comerç de Barcelona y Foment del Treball Nacional (1997-2007)

Esta investigación trata de esclarecer qué opinión merece y cómo repercute la existencia de gobiernos regionales en las organizaciones empresariales de ámbito regional. Ello lo observamos mediante el análisis de dos organizaciones empresariales catalanas: Foment del Treball Nacional y la Cambra de Comerç, Indústria i Navegació de Barcelona. Desafortunadamente, como sucede para el caso español, tras más de veinticinco años de experiencia regional existe un vacío en la literatura académica, tan sólo unos pocos estudios referenciados, tanto de organizaciones empresariales regionales como de su opinión sobre el Estado de las Autonomías y sus implicaciones para un determinado modelo económico y proyecto político.

La Ley de Igualdad 3/2007 y las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados de 2004 y 2008

La desigual representación de sexos en el Congreso de los Diputados continúa siendo una realidad, a pesar de la aplicación de la Ley de Igualdad, que modifica la normativa electoral para impulsar la presencia de mujeres en la elite política. A través del presente artículo se explica metódicamente con datos empíricos porque la implementación de las cuotas femeninas por ley no ha modificado la composición del Parlamento español según sexo. Por un lado, se analiza la primera fase de reclutamiento de los diputados, es decir, las listas electorales. Por otro, se estudia el escenario parlamentario, en concreto la consolidación de esta elite política femenina.