Encenação digital: dissertação

Dissertação submetida à Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Teatro - especialização em Encenação.

Phonological development in relation to native language and literacy: Variations on a theme in six alphabetic orthographies

Phonological development was assessed in six alphabetic orthographies (English, French, Greek, Icelandic, Portuguese and Spanish) at the beginning and end of the first year of reading instruction. The aim was to explore contrasting theoretical views regarding: the question of the availability of phonology at the outset of learning to read (Study 1); the influence of orthographic depth on the pace of phonological development during the transition to literacy (Study 2); and the impact of literacy instruction (Study 3). Results from 242 children did not reveal a consistent sequence of development as performance varied according to task demands and language. Phonics instruction appeared more influential than orthographic depth in the emergence of an early meta-phonological capacity to manipulate phonemes, and preliminary indications were that cross-linguistic variation was associated with speech rhythm more than factors such as syllable complexity. The implications of the outcome for current models of phonological development are discussed.

Serotype, mating type and ploidy of Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from patients in Brazil

Serotype, mating type and ploidy of 84 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from 61 AIDS and 23 non-AIDS patients admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil were examined. Among 61 strains isolated from AIDS patients, 60 strains were var. grubii (serotype A). Only one strain was var. gattii (serotype B). No var. neoformans (serotype D) was found. Among 23 strains isolated from non-AIDS patients, 15 were var. grubii (serotype A) and the remaining 8 were var. gattii, all of which were serotype B. Seventy-three of the 75 serotype A strains were the heterothallic alpha type (MATalpha) and the remaining 2 were untypable (asexual). Most of the MATalpha strains (69/73) were haploid and the remaining 4 strains were diploid. Similarly, both of the 2 asexual strains among the 75 serotype A strains were haploid. There were no alpha-mating type (MATalpha) strains among the 84 isolates. All of the 8 var. gattii strains were serotype B and haploid. Among a total of 84 strains tested, neither serotype AD nor serotype D were found. Neither triploid nor tetraploid were found. These results suggest that the serological, sexual and ploidy characteristics in C. neoformans strains isolated from AIDS patients in São Paulo were rather simple, whereas strains isolated from non-AIDS patients presented serotype A and B with predominance of serotype A.

Protein–polyphenol interaction on silica beads for astringency tests based on eye, photography or reflectance detection modes

Astringency is an organoleptic property of beverages and food products resulting mainly from the interaction of salivary proteins with dietary polyphenols. It is of great importance to consumers, but the only effective way of measuring it involves trained sensorial panellists, providing subjective and expensive responses. Concurrent chemical evaluations try to screen food astringency, by means of polyphenol and protein precipitation procedures, but these are far from the real human astringency sensation where not all polyphenol–protein interactions lead to the occurrence of precipitate. Here, a novel chemical approach that tries to mimic protein–polyphenol interactions in the mouth is presented to evaluate astringency. A protein, acting as a salivary protein, is attached to a solid support to which the polyphenol binds (just as happens when drinking wine), with subsequent colour alteration that is fully independent from the occurrence of precipitate. Employing this simple concept, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was selected as the model salivary protein and used to cover the surface of silica beads. Tannic Acid (TA), employed as the model polyphenol, was allowed to interact with the BSA on the silica support and its adsorption to the protein was detected by reaction with Fe(III) and subsequent colour development. Quantitative data of TA in the samples were extracted by colorimetric or reflectance studies over the solid materials. The analysis was done by taking a regular picture with a digital camera, opening the image file in common software and extracting the colour coordinates from HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) and RGB (Red, Green, Blue) colour model systems; linear ranges were observed from 10.6 to 106.0 μmol L−1. The latter was based on the Kubelka–Munk response, showing a linear gain with concentrations from 0.3 to 10.5 μmol L−1. In either of these two approaches, semi-quantitative estimation of TA was enabled by direct eye comparison. The correlation between the levels of adsorbed TA and the astringency of beverages was tested by using the assay to check the astringency of wines and comparing these to the response of sensorial panellists. Results of the two methods correlated well. The proposed sensor has significant potential as a robust tool for the quantitative/semi-quantitative evaluation of astringency in wine.

SPR based Studies for Pentagalloyl Glucose Binding to α-Amylase

Astringency is an organoleptic property resulting mostly from the interaction of salivary proteins with dietary polyphenols. It is of great importance to consumers but being typically measured by sensorial panels it turns out subjective and expensive. The main goal of the present work is to develop a sensory system to estimate astringency relying on protein/polyphenol interactions. For this purpose, a model protein was immobilized on a sensory gold surface and its subsequent interaction with polyphenols was measured by Surface Plasma Resonance (SPR). α-amylase and pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) were selected as model protein and polyphenol, respectively. To ensure specific binding between these, various surface chemistries were tested. Carboxylic terminated thiol decreased the binding ability of PGG and allowed covalent attachment of α-amylase to the surface. The pH 5 was the optimal condition for α-amylase immobilization on the surface. Further studies focus on Localized SPR sensor and application to wine samples, providing objectivity when compared to a trained panel.

Step based physical activity guidelines for preschool-aged children

Objective Public health organizations recommend that preschool-aged children accumulate at least 3 h of physical activity (PA) daily. Objective monitoring using pedometers offers an opportunity to measure preschooler's PA and assess compliance with this recommendation. The purpose of this study was to derive step-based recommendations consistent with the 3 h PA recommendation for preschool-aged children. Method The study sample comprised 916 preschool-aged children, aged 3 to 6 years (mean age = 5.0 ± 0.8 years). Children were recruited from kindergartens located in Portugal, between 2009 and 2013. Children wore an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer that measured PA intensity and steps per day simultaneously over a 7-day monitoring period. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the daily step count threshold associated with meeting the daily 3 hour PA recommendation. Results A significant correlation was observed between minutes of total PA and steps per day (r = 0.76, p < 0.001). The optimal step count for ≥ 3 h of total PA was 9099 steps per day (sensitivity (90%) and specificity (66%)) with area under the ROC curve = 0.86 (95% CI: 0.84 to 0.88). Conclusion Preschool-aged children who accumulate less than 9000 steps per day may be considered Insufficiently Active.

À Vista da Costa: A Paisagem Cultural Marítima de Cascais

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arqueologia

Avaliação de genótipos de girassol em Mato Grosso, na safrinha de 2014.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico de genótipos de girassol, em ensaio da Rede de Ensaios de Avaliação de Genótipos de Girassol, na safrinha de 2014, visando à indicação para cultivo no Estado de Mato Grosso. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso (IFMT), campus de São Vicente - MT, na safrinha de 2014, empregando-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram efetuadas avaliações de altura de planta, rendimento de aquênios, teor de óleo e rendimento de óleo. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% de significância. Os genótipos GNZ NEON, SYN 045, AGUARÁ 06, M734, MG 360 e MG 305 foram superiores na avaliação de rendimento de aquênios. Em teor de óleo, os genótipos MG 360, MG 305, HLA 2012, SYN 3950HO, PARAÍSO 20 e AGUARÁ 04 se destacaram. O intenso ataque de pássaros prejudicou o desempenho dos genótipos de girassol. ABSTRACT: This work aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of the sunflower genotypes under testing by the Network of Evaluative Experiments with Sunflower Genotypes, on off-season of 2014, proposing an indication for cultivation in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Experiment was conducted in the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, campus of São Vicente - MT, using randomized complete block design, with four replications. Measurements were made, evaluating plant height, achene yield, oil content and oil yield. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and compared using the Duncan test at 5% of significance level. Genotypes GNZ NEON, SYN 045, AGUARÁ 06, M734, MG 360 and MG 305 were higher in achenes yield evaluation. Regarding oil content, the genotypes MG 360, MG 305, HLA 2012, SYN 3950HO, PARAISO 20 and AGUARÁ 04 were best. The intense attack of birds affected performance of sunflower genotypes.

Parâmetros agronômicos da cultura do trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) em função de diferentes concentrações de Azospirillum brasiliense e métodos de inoculação.

O uso de inoculantes à base de Azospirillum brasilense vem crescendo no Brasil, como substituição parcial da adubação nitrogenada na cultura do trigo (Triticum aestivum L.). Contudo, a nova tecnologia pode ser afetada pela incompatibilidade com os agrotóxicos utilizados nos tratamentos de sementes. Visando verificar alternativas à aplicação tradicional de inoculantes via sementes, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de doses de inoculante com A. brasilense e métodos de inoculação. O ensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Soja, em Londrina-PR, com trigo (cv. Gaivota) recebendo 1 e 2,5 doses de inoculante (200 e 500 mL 50 kg-1 sementes, respectivamente) e métodos de inoculação [via semente (IS), sulco (ISC), pulverização foliar (IPF) e solo (IPS)] com 75% da dose recomendada de N-mineral (60 kg N ha-1), além de testemunhas sem inoculação e com 100% e 75% N. Foi avaliada a produção de biomassa de plantas (massa da parte aérea seca, MPAS e massa de raízes secas, MRS), N total acumulado na parte aérea (NTPA), teor de clorofila (TC), volume de raízes (VR) e número de perfilhos (NP). Os dados foram submetidos à ANAVA (Duncan, p?0,05). Constatou-se diferença significativa de MRS no tratamento com IPF e 1 dose de inoculante, proporcionando um incremento de 62% em relação à testemunha não inoculada e com 100% N. Esse tratamento também resultou em aumento significativo no NP. Do mesmo modo, o tratamento com IPF com 2,5 doses resultou em aumento significativo de 22,9% no TC em relação à testemunha não inoculada com 75% N. Foi possível observar o efeito positivo de A. brasilense mesmo quando aplicado após a emergência das plântulas. Para o NTPA, o tratamento com IS e 1 dose foi estatisticamente superior em relação ao tratamento não inoculado e com 75% N. A MPAS e o VR não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. Deste modo, a inoculação por pulverização foliar pode representar uma alternativa à inoculação tradicional nas sementes, podendo ser empregada em situações que haja incompatibilidade com produtos químicos usados no tratamento de sementes.

Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution and conservation of endemic forest land snails of Madeira Island

Climate change is emerging as one of the major threats to natural communities of the world’s ecosystems; and biodiversity hotspots, such as Madeira Island, might face a challenging future in the conservation of endangered land snails’ species. With this thesis, progresses have been made in order to properly understand the impact of climate on these vulnerable taxa; and species distribution models coupled with GIS and climate change scenarios have become crucial to understand the relations between species distribution and environmental conditions, identifying threats and determining biodiversity vulnerability. With the use of MaxEnt, important changes in the species suitable areas were obtained. Laurel forest species, highly dependent on precipitation and relative humidity, may face major losses on their future suitable areas, leading to the possible extinction of several endangered species, such as Leiostyla heterodon. Despite the complexity of the biological systems, the intrinsic uncertainty of species distribution models and the lack of information about land snails’ functional traits, this analysis contributed to a pioneer study on the impacts of climate change on endemic species of Madeira Island. The future inclusion of predictions of the effect of climate change on species distribution as part of IUCN assessments could contribute to species prioritizing, promoting specific management actions and maximizing conservation investment.

Bilateral paracoccidioidomycotic iliopsoas abscess associated with ileo-colonic lesion

This case report shows the clinical development of a patient with systemic paracoccidioidomycosis presenting with lymphatic-intestinalmanifestation. The patient initially had a substantial clinical improvement but had a recrudescence after six months of sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim oral treatment, with the emergence of feverish syndrome, lumbar pain, and intermittent claudication, characterizing a bilateral iliopsoas muscle abscess, necessitating clinicosurgical therapeutics.

Spatial distribution of disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS co-infection in an endemic area of Northeastern Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The spatial distribution of disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) co-infection in adult residents of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil was evaluated. METHODS: Socio-demographic data for the DH/AIDS cases were obtained from a reference hospital, and socio-environmental indicators were obtained from an official Brazilian institute. Kernel analysis and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) cluster maps were used to estimate the case density within the city. RESULTS: DH/AIDS cases were concentrated in the Northwestern and Southwestern peripheral areas of the city, related with low human development indices, but different from AIDS cases distribution. CONCLUSION: Risk factors other than AIDS infection must affect histoplasmosis development in this area.

Soil physical and Chemical properties of cultivated pasture on forest land, Roraima, Brazil .

Soil conditions under pasture were examined in a range of sites representing the sequence of conversion of forest to pasture at two locations in the vicinity of Ilha de Maracã, Roraima. Comparisons were made with adjacent savana. Soil bulk densities shown to increase after forest clearance and soil chemical data indicate that the initial beneficial effects on nutrient supply of burning forest debris are rather short-lived. Very low levels of available phosphorus prevail in areas of savanna and cultivated pasture of all ages. Variations in the status of older cultivated pastures are mainly attributable to different grazing levelt.

Geomorphology and land development in the Maraca area of northern Roraima, Brazil.

The geomorphological materials and forms of the Maraca area of Roraima, Brazil are described, an their sgnificance for land development examined. Significant contrasts are noted in areas presently under rainforest and savanna vegetation. Lateritic gravels and extensive shetwash accumulations in savanna areas constrast with incipient or absent plinthite development, few gravels and limited evidence of colluvium under rainforest. Terrain is in general relatively highly-dissected. Slope profiles are characterised, particularly within the savanna zone, by a relatively steep lower concavity. These contrasts are sharply-demarcated by the present savanna/rainforest bondary, unexpectedly in view of the generally accepted hypothesis of repeated contraction an expansion of Amazonian rainforest throughout the Pleistocene. It is concluded that geomorphological conditions in the Maraca area are not favorable for land develoment.

FOOD CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON LIFE CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CLADOCERA (Daphnia gessneri Herbst, Diaphanosoma sarsi Richard, Moina reticulata (Daday)): I. DEVELOPMENT TIME

The effects of food concentration and temperature on embryonic and postem-bryonic duration of three tropical species, Daphnia gessneri(1.5mm), Diaphanosoma sarsi(1.2mm) and Moina reticulata(0.8mm), were investigated as part of life cycle studies which included growth, body size and reproduction. These are the very first experimental studies undertaken on these species. The long-term growth experiments were performed under controlled laboratory conditions at all combinations of temperature (22"C, 27"C and 32"C) and constant food concentration (0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mgC/L) of the unicellular green alga Scenedesmus acutus.Animals were examined twice daily throughout their life cycle from the neonate to third adult instar. In all three species, temperature exerted the most powerful influence on embryonic duration but there was also a smaller food effect. In D. gessneri,postembry-onic durations remained more or less the same at food levels 0.25 mgC/L but were influenced by temperature. At food concentrations of 0.1 mgC/L or lower, postembryonic durations became increasingly prolonged, particularly at high temperatures. This threshold concentration is affected by temperature: in D. gessneri,it was 0.1 mgC/L at 22oC and 27oC but higher at 32oC (between 0.25 and 0.50 mgC/L). At the same temperature of 27oC, the food threshold level varied between species: it was higher (0.25 mgC/L) for D. sarsiand lower (0.05 mgC/L) for M. reticulatacompared with D. gessneri(0.1 mgC/L). In both embryonic and postembryonic durations there is a body size effect as the absolute durations were longest in the largest species and shortest in the smallest species In all three species, prolongation of postembryonic duration at combinations of high temperature and lowered food levels was accompanied by increased number of juvenile instars.