Dialyse et ��cologie: est-il possible de faire mieux �� l'avenir [Dialysis and ecology: can we do better in the future?].

Development of dialysis has saved the lives of many patients. However, haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are very demanding in resources such as water and electricity, and generate a large amount of waste. In this article, we will review the environmental aspects of dialysis. Different solutions will be discussed, such as recycling of water discharged during reverse osmosis, the integration of solar energy, recycling of waste plastics, and the use of other techniques such as sorbent dialysis. In a world where natural resources are precious and where global warming is a major problem, it is important that not only dialysis, but all branches of medicine become more attentive to ecology.

Pla de gesti�� dels senders ecotur��stics del la zona d���inter��s etnol��gic de les Gavarres

El mass��s de les Gavarres ��s un espai que forma part del Pla d���Espais Naturals d���Inter��s Natural de Catalunya i es caracteritza per ser un espai molt ric en patrimoni cultural, sobretot etnol��gic. ��s per aix�� que des de l���entitat del Consorci de les Gavarres sorgeix la proposta d���elaborar un conjunt de senders ecotur��stics sobra la Zona d���Inter��s Etnol��gic de la Gavarres. L���objectiu principal ��s impulsar la posta en valor i crear instruments de gesti�� dels principals elements del patrimoni cultural que es troben presents arreu del mass��s de les Gavarres, a partir del disseny d���un conjunt de senders ecotur��stics que, de manera respectuosa amb el medi ambient, serveixin d���instruments de dinamitzaci�� i de gesti�� per a la conservaci�� de l���espai i els seu elements patrimonials.

Restauraci�� fluvial del riu Onyar

Diagnosi de l���estat actual del riu Onyar per tal de proposar unes directrius orientatives que permetin aconseguir el bon estat ecol��gic del medi fluvial. Aquestes propostes es presenten en format de fitxes segons els trams principals on cal actuar i les actuacions m��s concretes per a cada un d���ells

Diagnosi ambiental d'oportunitats de minimitzaci�� a l'Ajuntament de Banyoles

Aplicaci�� d'una DAOM (Diagnosi Ambiental d���Oportunitats de Minimitzaci��)a l'Ajuntament de Banyoles. Una DAOM ��s una eina desenvolupada pel Centre per a l���Empresa i el Medi Ambient, que consisteix en l���avaluaci�� d���una activitat o proc��s, per determinar les possibles oportunitats de prevenci�� i reducci�� en origen de la contaminaci��, i aportar-hi alternatives d���actuaci�� t��cnica i econ��micament viables

Naturalitzaci�� d���estanys artificials a zones urbanes a tav��s de plantes macr��fites aqu��tiques

L���objectiu ��s fer una proposta alternativa en la gesti�� dels estanys urbans artificials a la prov��ncia de Barcelona per tal de disminuir l���alt cost de manteniment actual. Els tractaments habituals en la gesti�� d���estanys urbans s��n insostenibles tant ecol��gicament com econ��micament. Concretament es fa un estudi de naturalitzaci�� d���estanys urbans de Barcelona mitjan��ant l�����s de les plantes macr��fites aqu��tiques de la regi��, per tal de substituir els tractaments habituals que es fan a piscines p��bliques per tractaments similars als de les piscines naturals

Estudi i propostes de gesti�� de les zones humides dels Estanys de Basturs

Estudi del medi abi��tic i bi��tic dels estanys de Basturs (Conca del riu Tremp) a partir del qual s'han elaborat diverses propostes de gesti�� dirigides a una millora de la conservaci�� les zones humides

Avaluaci�� de l��� Impacte ambiental i social del projecte ���Tucar��n-Resort���

Aquest projecte analitza i avalua els impactes ambientals i socials que causar�� en el marc del municipi de Vielha e Mijaran (Val d���Aran) la reobertura de les pistes d���esqu�� de la Tuca i el Resort que hi va associat, un cop el projecte ���Tucar��n Resort��� sigui una realitat

Les Esp��cies vegetals introdu��des d�����s ornamental als enjardinaments p��blics dels sectors de l���esquerra del Ter a la ciutat de Girona

Estudi de les plantes ornamentals conreades al sector esquerra de les ribes del Ter al seu pas per Girona, incidint en les esp��cies no aut��ctones i elaboraci�� d���una cartografia digital dels arbres i arbusts de la zona de Sant Pon�� (Girona)

Improving the organisation and commercialisation of small coffee and cocoa producers in the Northern Amazon Region of Ecuador

Coffee and cocoa represent the main sources of income for small farmers in the Northern Amazon Region of Ecuador. The provinces of Orellana and Sucumbios, as border areas, have benefited from investments made by many public and private institutions. Many of the projects carried out in the area have been aimed at energising the production of coffee and cocoa, strengthening the producers��� associations and providing commercialisation infrastructure. Improving the quality of life of this population threatened by poverty and high migration flows mainly from Colombia is a significant challenge. This paper presents research highlighting the importance of associative commercialisation to raising income from coffee and cocoa. The research draws on primary information obtained during field work, and from official information from the Ministry of Agriculture. The study presents an overview of current organisational structures, initiatives of associative commercialisation, stockpiling of infrastructure and ownership regimes, as well as estimates for both ���robusta��� coffee and national cocoa production and income. The analysis of the main constraints presents different alternatives for the implementation of public land policies. These policies are aimed at mitigating the problems associated with the organisational structure of the producers, with processes of commercialisation and with environmental aspects, among others.

Interdisciplinary research for the analysis and risk assesment : the case of the municipality of Uspantan Guatemala

Short description of the proposed presentation * lees than 100 words This paper describes the interdisciplinary work done in Uspant��n, Guatemala, a city vulnerable to natural hazards. We investigated local responses to landslides that happened in 2007 and 2010 and had a strong impact on the local community. We show a complete example of a systemic approach that incorporates physical, social and environmental aspects in order to understand risks. The objective of this work is to present the combination of social and geological data (mapping), and describe the methodology used for identification and assessment of risk. The article discusses both the limitations and methodological challenges encountered when conducting interdisciplinary research. Describe why it is important to present this topic at the Global Platform in less than 50 words This work shows the benefits of addressing risk in an interdisciplinary perspective, in particular how integrating social sciences can help identify new phenomena and natural hazards and assess risk. It gives a practical example of how one can integrate data from different fields. What is innovative about this presentation? * The use of mapping to combine qualitative and quantitative data. By coupling approaches, we could associate a hazard map with qualitative data gathered by interviews with the population. This map is an important document for the authorities. Indeed, it allows them to be aware of the most dangerous zones, the affected families and the places where it is most urgent to intervene.

Geologia, canvi clim��tic i arquitectura

Nombroses investigacions han establert una relaci�� directa entre l'activitat antr��pica i el canvi clim��tic. Una majoria aclaparadora de cient��fics han demostrat que l���ascens progressiu de les temperatures de les darreres d��cades ha estat degut ala incorporaci�� artificial a l���atmosfera de gasos que accentuen l���efecte hivernacle (GEH). ��s evident que els efectes del canvi clim��tic afecten la din��mica de la Terra

Circadian and circaseptan patterns of natality and perinatal mortality of infants with different birth weights

OBJECTIVE. Data on human natality, stillbirth and perinatal mortality from Switzerland (1979-1987), available in four birthweight categories, are reexamined to assess any about-weekly (circaseptan) and changes in about-daily (circadian) patterns in central Europe over a century and a halfDESIGN. Retrospective analyses on archived data.SETTING. Federal Office of Statistics for Switzerland.RESULTS. In addition to prominent circadians, weekly patterns are also documented.CONCLUSION. Exogenous variations, prominent in early extrauterine life, such as changes of scheduling in obstetrics, may contribute to circadian and cireaseptan natality patterns. Information on these patterns serves in the optimization of neonatal care. Partly endogenous, partly physical environmental aspects, at least of about-weekly patterns, remain to be elucidated in series consisting exclusively of spontaneous parturitions.

Soil water dynamics related to the degree of compaction of two brazilian oxisols under no-tillage

Soil water properties are related to crop growth and environmental aspects and are influenced by the degree of soil compaction. The objective of this study was to determine the water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil under field conditions in terms of the compaction degree of two Oxisols under a no-tillage (NT). Two commercial fields were studied in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: one a Haplortox after 14 years under NT; the other a Hapludox after seven years under NT. Maps (50 x 30 m) of the levels of mechanical penetration resistance (PR) were drawn based on the kriging method, differentiating three compaction degrees (CD): high, intermediate and low. In each CD area, the infiltration rate (initial and steady-state) and cumulative water infiltration were measured using concentric rings, with six replications, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(θs)) was determined using the Guelph permeameter. Statistical evaluation was performed based on a randomized design, using the least significant difference (LSD) test and regression analysis. The steady-state infiltration rate was not influenced by the compaction degree, with mean values of 3 and 0.39 cm h-1 in the Haplortox and the Hapludox, respectively. In the Haplortox, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity was 26.76 cm h-1 at a low CD and 9.18 cm h-1 at a high CD, whereas in the Hapludox, this value was 5.16 cm h-1 and 1.19 cm h-1 for the low and high CD, respectively. The compaction degree did not affect the initial and steady-state water infiltration rate, nor the cumulative water infiltration for either soil type, although the values were higher for the Haplortox than the Hapludox.

Soil uses in the sugarcane fallow period to improve chemical and physical properties of two latosols (oxisols)

Sugarcane production should be integrated with crop diversification with a view to competitive and sustainable results in economic, social and environmental aspects. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period on the chemical and physical properties of eutroferric Red Latosol - LVef (Oxisol) and Acric Latosol - LVw (Acric Oxisol), in Jaboticabal, S��o Paulo State, Brazil (21��14'05'' S, 48��17'09'' W, 600 m asl). A randomized block design was used with five replications and four treatments, consisting of different soil uses (crops) in the sugarcane fallow period: soybean only, soybean/fallow/soybean, soybean/millet/soybean, and soybean/sunn hemp/soybean. After two soybean crops, the LVef chemical properties remained at intermediate to high levels; while those of the LVw, classified as intermediate to high in the beginning, increased to high levels. Thus, the different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period allowed the maintenance of LVef fertility levels and the improvement of those of the LVw. Two soybean crops increased macroporosity in the 0.0-0.1 m layer of the LVef; reduced soil aggregates in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers of both soils, and reduced aggregate stability in these two layers of the LVw. Planting pearl millet or sunn hemp between the two soybean growing seasons promoted the formation of larger soil aggregates in the surface layer (0.0-0.1 m) of the LVw.