Amateurism and the Aesthetics of Lego Stop-Motion on YouTube

Do the “democratization” of media and the proliferation of online participatory culture undermine the aesthetic hegemony of professional filmmakers? This article is a case study of both more and less popular animated Lego videos, also called “brickfilms,” that asks how amateur videos adhere to and/or depart from professionalized aesthetic standards. It addresses the definitions of professionalism and amateurism and proposes that the dichotomy between democratization and ongoing elitism is insufficient to describe the complex dialogue between professional film aesthetics and amateur production—a dialogue that is diverse but nonetheless follows certain patterns. These patterns link Lego videos to silent era cinema as well as contemporary professional live-action and stop-motion animation. Furthermore, a mixture of parody, pastiche, and homage suggest that amateur work has a variety of affective relationships to professional work. Ultimately, amateur filmmaking indicates a negotiation of professional standards rather than slavish adherence.

Report of the Department of Conservation and Development.

Includes the report of the Division of Reclamation, 1921/1922-1923/1924; and: the Division of Columbia Basin Survey, 1921/1922.

Brain maps, great and small: lessons from comparative studies of primate visual cortical organization

In this paper, we review evidence from comparative studies of primate cortical organization, highlighting recent findings and hypotheses that may help us to understand the rules governing evolutionary changes of the cortical map and the process of formation of areas during development. We argue that clear unequivocal views of cortical areas and their homologies are more likely to emerge for 'core' fields, including the primary sensory areas, which are specified early in development by precise molecular identification steps. In primates, the middle temporal area is probably one of these primordial cortical fields. Areas that form at progressively later stages of development correspond to progressively more recent evolutionary events, their development being less firmly anchored in molecular specification. The certainty with which areal boundaries can be delimited, and likely homologies can be assigned, becomes increasingly blurred in parallel with this evolutionary/developmental sequence. For example, while current concepts for the definition of cortical areas have been vindicated in allowing a clarification of the organization of the New World monkey 'third tier' visual cortex (the third and dorsomedial areas, V3 and DM), our analyses suggest that more flexible mapping criteria may be needed to unravel the organization of higher-order visual association and polysensory areas.

Fast-tracking middle schooling reform: A model for the integrated curriculum

To participate effectively in the post-industrial information societies and knowledge/service economies of the 21st century, individuals must be better-informed, have greater thinking and problem-solving abilities, be self-motivated; have a capacity for cooperative interaction; possess varied and specialised skills; and be more resourceful and adaptable than ever before. This paper reports on one outcome from a national project funded by the Ministerial Council on Education, Employment Training and Youth Affairs, which investigated what practices, processes, strategies and structures best promote lifelong learning and the development of lifelong learners in the middle years of schooling. The investigation linked lifelong learning with middle schooling because there were indications that middle schooling reform practices also lead to the development of lifelong learning attributes, which is regarded as a desirable outcome of schooling in Australia. While this larger project provides depth around these questions, this paper specifically reports on the development of a three-phase model that can guide the sequence in which schools undertaking middle schooling reform attend to particular core component changes. The model is developed from the extensive analysis of 25 innovative schools around the nation, and provides a unique insight into the desirable sequences and time spent achieving reforms, along with typical pitfalls that lead to a regression in the reform process. Importantly, the model confirms that schooling reform takes much more time than planners typically expect or allocate, and there are predictable and identifiable inhibitors to achieving it.

Preservação Ambiental e Publicidade: uma relação possível

A questão ambiental e sua preservação é assunto de interesse global, impulsionado por todos os setores. Com o objetivo principal de mostrar que, mesmo inseridas em uma lógica empresarial, peças publicitárias bem elaboradas podem modificar comportamentos para que se efetive a preservação ambiental, o trabalho apresenta a análise do corpus selecionado por conveniência, a partir de amplo levantamento junto aos diversos formatos de anúncios veiculados na mídia impressa e eletrônica. O levantamento de opiniões, assim como pesquisas do tipo survey, contribuiu com a abordagem analítica que trabalhou com conceitos de comunicação, interação, linguagem, cultura e representações para compreender, a possibilidade da relação da preservação ambiental com a publicidade. O trabalho agregou sugestões apresentadas nas considerações que não se pretendem finais, mas que poderão contribuir para profissionais da atividade publicitária, empresas, governos, e organizações da sociedade civil no tocante à responsabilidade socioambiental de suas comunicações.(AU)

REVISTA BRAVO! ESTUDO DO COMPORTAMENTO DO JORNALISMO CULTURAL FRENTE ÀS PRESSÕES DO MERCADO

Desempenhando papel de importância no jornalismo cultural, as revistas especializadas mostram que, embora alguns estudiosos acreditem numa crise neste setor, com a massificação do conteúdo de assuntos ligados à cultura existe um movimento na área cultural que revela o interesse de várias publicações relacionadas ao tema. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar, dentro da perspectiva da análise qualitativa de conteúdo, se a Revista Bravo!, ao longo dos 11 anos de existência, transitou da proposta inicial de jornalismo cultural diferenciado para um jornalismo de caráter comercial, acompanhando uma tendência de mercado. Todavia, a partir da revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, constatou-se que o termo jornalismo cultural corresponde a uma variável do jornalismo mais ampla e complexa do que atualmente se supõe e que certamente, alguns veículos merecem reconhecimento por continuarem trazendo análises e reflexões oportunas sobre as diversas produções culturais, como no caso da Bravo!, que não se confirmou que tenha existido um movimento do cultural para o comercial, mas uma mudança na pauta como estratégia editorial para sobrevivência.

O PROCESSO EDUCACIONAL DA CULTURA INDÍGENA TICUNA NA REGIÃO DO ALTO SOLIMÕES

Esse trabalho busca analisar o sistema educacional na tribo Ticuna, localizada na região do Alto Solimões, estado do Amazonas, onde estou há 21 anos em contato permanente com os índios Ticuna. Com o passar dos anos tenho observado que a cada dia, e de forma mais intensa, a manutenção de sua cultura vem sofrendo com o processo de influência da cultura não índia. Nesse trabalho realiza-se um levantamento histórico referente à possível existência de duas correntes educacionais entre os professores Ticuna. Uma considera importante um ensino bilíngue, o estudo dos mitos e costumes para preservação da cultura; a outra acredita que é inócuo estudar os mitos e outros aspectos culturais, que podem ser apreendidos no dia a dia, defendem que os índios precisam de uma educação igual a dos não indígenas, para competir no mercado em condições de igualdade. Inicialmente propõe-se uma busca histórica sobre o processo educacional relacionado à cultura Ticuna fora da escola, procurando verificar as relações entre o que é transmitido pela escola e o que se evidencia no cotidiano Ticuna. Em seguida, realiza-se uma análise de como se processa a educação implantada no meio Ticuna sob o título Educação Indígena . Destacam-se os fatores que influenciaram a fundação da escola, sua localização e aspectos relacionados ao meio físico, econômico, social e cultural, bem como, o ambiente humano e de aprendizagem, dados esses que subsidiam o objetivo proposto para este trabalho. Procura-se verificar se a educação desenvolvida na escola indígena cumpre o papel de estar constantemente buscando alternativas para uma educação que seja apropriada à sobrevivência da cultura Ticuna, uma educação adequada à realidade cultural. A pesquisa baseia-se em levantamento de dados através de documentos, como também em entrevistas com lideranças, professores e idosos da Tribo Ticuna; também na observação direta, com anotações feitas em caderno de campo. O processo de assimilação e influência da cultura não índia predomina na região do Alto Solimões e tem esmagado a cultura Ticuna, fazendo com que muitos já não queiram mais pescar, caçar ou viver como produtores ou coletores. É necessário buscar alternativas educacionais para a escola indígena Ticuna, em uma educação que seja apropriada para a sobrevivência de sua cultura e ao mesmo tempo minimize o preconceito enfrentado por esse povo. As lideranças e professores Ticuna esperam que a escola ajude na preservação e valorização de sua cultura. O prejuízo causado à educação cultural dos índios Ticuna é grande, a maioria dos jovens e crianças não são conhecedores dos significados dos rituais religiosos, mitos, lendas e crenças. Muitas vezes sabem até realizar o ritual, mas parece mais uma imitação de gestos, que se desvincula do seu real sentido. Espera-se que ao final dessa pesquisa sejamos capazes de utilizar o material desenvolvido para reflexão e que ela talvez possa servir como ponto de partida para os professores Ticuna na elaboração de diretrizes e desenvolvimento de um novo paradigma educacional que valorize mais a cultura.

Economists' perceptions versus managers' decisions:an experiment in transaction cost analysis

Are the perceptions of professional economists on transaction costs consistent with make-or-buy decisions made within firms? The answer may have important implications for transaction cost research. Data on firms' outsourcing during the new product development process are taken from a largescale survey of UK, German and Irish manufacturing plants, and we test the consistency of these outsourcing decisions with the predictions derived from the transaction cost perceptions of a panel of economists. Little consistency is evident between actual outsourcing patterns and the predictions of the (Williamsonian) transactions cost model derived from the panel of economists. There is, however, evidence of a systematic pattern to the differences, suggesting that a competence or resource-based approach may be relevant to understanding firm outsourcing, and that firms are adopting a strategic approach to managing their external relationships. © Cambridge Political Economy Society 2005; all rights reserved.

Az egyetemi hallgatók véleménye a kommunikációs készség fejlesztésének fontosságáról = Importance of communication skills according to bachelor and master students

Kutatásomban arra a kérdésre kerestem a választ, hogy a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetemen a hallgatók miként vélekednek a képességek, készségek fejlesztésének fontosságáról az egyetemi képzésen belül. Ennek érdekében 2015 februárjában kérdőíves felmérést végeztem 106 hallgató megkérdezésével. A hallgatók 90%-a egyetértett azzal az állítással, hogy a szakmai ismeretek átadása mellett a képességek, készségek fejlesztésére is hangsúlyt kell helyezni az egyetemi oktatásban. A jövőbeli sikerességük szempontjából a három legfontosabbnak tartott képességek: a problémamegoldó képesség, a gondolkodási képesség és a jó kommunikációs készség. A hallgatók tisztába vannak a jó kommunikációs készség fontosságával az élet számos területén, viszont szembe kell nézni az egyetemi oktatás korlátozott lehetőségeivel. Az oktatók gyakran kényszerülnek választás elé, mire helyezzék az oktatásba elsődlegesen a hangsúlyt, milyen módszertant alkalmazzanak. Ezt a döntést segíti, ha ismerjük hallgatóink preferenciáit, céljait, viszonyukat az egyes módszertani eszközökhöz. Jelen tanulmány ebben kíván segítséget nyújtani. _______ The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ opinion about the importance of skills and abilities development within university. In February 2015 a survey was conducted by interviewing 106 students. More than 90% of students agreed with the statement that beside professional skill transfer, skills and abilities development should be emphasized as well. According to students’ opinion the three most important skills for their future success are: problem-solving, creative thinking and communication skills. Students are aware of the importance of good communication skills in many areas of life but the opportunity of its development is restricted. Lecturers are often forced to make a choice about teaching goals, priorities and teaching methods. Knowledge about students’ goals, preferences and feelings about teaching methods supports this decision. This study intends to provide assistance in this.

Processo identitário profissional: as experiências formativas de licenciandos do curso de Física - UFPI

In this research, we have as study object the identification process with the profession of students of the Undergraduate course for preparing professors for teaching Physics of the Federal University of Piauí. We start from the following question: - What relationships can be established among the senses given by the students to the group of the experiences lived in their initial formation and the identity construction as teacher? The presupposition is that the process of identification with the profession can contain formative experiences that are impossible to be reduced to the situations of disciplines learning. We considered that, in the development of the process of professional identification, the articulations and the connections that the students established with themselves, with the others - their formative teachers, managers - and with the world - the University, the public school - they should be understood in the interdependence relationships, consubstantiated in the experiences lived during the initial stage of their formation. Therefore, our objective is to understand the process of identification of the students with the teaching profession, based in the senses given to their formative experiences. In order to get this aim, we used the methodology of the Comprehensive Interview, and we chose as methodological and theoretical principles: the multi-referential theoretical framework, 'configuration and interdependence', the relationship among 'identity and alterity', the sensitive hearing and the 'intellectual craft'. The study is organized in two parts: the first, contains two chapters, that have introductory character. The second part is unfolded in five chapters, and it constitutes the development of the thesis. In the "paths", we revealed, starting from the actions and intentions that mobilized the students, processes involved in the choice of the course, and, this way, the initial identifications with the being an university student. We looked for to identify possible dissonances among the curriculum 'instituted and instituting', as well as the implications of its management of the formative experiences of future teachers. In short, we tried to capture, through the speeches of a group of students, the signs, the images and the senses of their formative experiences, which indicate as a vision of how their teaching profession is built. With this study, we sought to contribute for the researches on the field of degrees, taking as axis the formative processes that configure those courses. Finally, that the proposition of professor formation politics should be fundamentally based in internal demands, lived in the formative processes.

Émergence et développement de l’oncologie au Québec : collaboration, compétition et défis organisationnels, 1900-2005

Objectifs : le principal objectif de notre projet doctoral consiste à mettre en relief les transformations qui ont marqué le développement de l’oncologie et de la lutte contre le cancer au Québec au 20e siècle. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes penchées sur trois niveaux d’analyse : 1) le niveau micro aborde l’organisation des services médicaux au sein d’une organisation hospitalière, soit l’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec. 2) Le niveau méso analyse une lutte professionnelle, soit la lutte entre les hématologues et les oncologues médicaux pour la reconnaissance de l’oncologie médicale. 3) Le niveau macro s’intéresse à l’organisation de la lutte contre le cancer à travers la province de Québec et aux différents modèles organisationnels créés. Principale hypothèse : l’émergence et la transformation de l’oncologie et de la lutte contre le cancer ont été influencées des rapports de collaboration et de compétition entre les acteurs impliqués en oncologie. En effet, il apparaît que ce champ se trouve en tension entre l’obligation de collaborer pour offrir des services de qualité aux patients et les dynamiques professionnelles et/ou organisationnelles. Cadre théorique : un cadre théorique a été développé pour chacun des niveaux d’analyse. Le niveau micro s’inspire des travaux de Frickel, Abbott et Strauss et s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux négociations entourant l’ordre social au sein d’un hôpital universitaire; le niveau méso emploie les travaux de Bourdieu et Abbott pour analyser la lutte entre deux spécialités médicales pour le contrôle des agents de chimiothérapie; et le niveau macro, de la sociologie des organisations et de la théorie néo-institutionnaliste pour mettre en relief l’émergence et la transformation de la lutte contre le cancer au Québec au 20e siècle. Méthodologie : l’approche de l’étude de cas a été adoptée et chaque niveau d’analyse constitue une étude de cas à part entière. Le corpus de données se compose de données archivistiques recueillies dans 10 centres d’archives canadiens, et de données d’entrevues. Une soixantaine d’entrevues avec des oncologues, des professionnels de la santé, des gestionnaires, des chercheurs et des fonctionnaires ont été réalisées. Conclusion : les différents niveaux d’analyse offrent différentes contributions qui leurs sont propres, mais l’ensemble de la thèse tend à mettre en relief la complexité du changement organisationnel à travers un perpétuel processus de définition et de redéfinition des frontières professionnelles et des organisations en raison du développement des connaissances scientifiques, des technologies, des expertises professionnelles et de l’environnement social, politique et économique.

Organizaciones regionales y diversidad cultural: la diplomacia de la Unión Europea con el Mercosur entre la sombra de Hollywood y la acción intergubernamental

El objetivo de este artículo es doble: por un lado explorar la habilidad de la Unión Europea para llevar a cabo una política audiovisual dirigida al Mercosur y promover las normas de la Convención sobre la diversidad de las expresiones culturales; por otro, analizar el impacto del modelo de política audiovisual de la UE en el desarrollo de la cooperación audiovisual con el Mercosur y centrarse en los principales vectores que configuran el paisaje audiovisual del Mercosur. El texto pretende destacar cómo y por qué la UE persigue una política audiovisual con esa región, cuáles son los propósitos y los límites de actuación. En este sentido, se preocupa por entender cómo la diplomacia audiovisual de la UE interactúa con otros actores, como las acciones gubernamentales llevadas a cabo desde la propia UE y el Mercosur, así como las prácticas del sector privado (Hollywwod y los grandes conglomerados de medios).

Perceptions of the common good in planning

There has been plenty of debate in the academic literature about the nature of the common good or public interest in planning. There is a recognition that the idea is one that is extremely difficult to isolate in practical terms; nevertheless, scholars insist that the idea ‘…remains the pivot around which debates about the nature of planning and its purposes turn’ (Campbell & Marshall, 2002, 163–64). At the point of first principles, these debates have broached political theories of the state and even philosophies of science that inform critiques of rationality, social justice and power. In the planning arena specifically, much of the scholarship has tended to focus on theorising the move from a rational comprehensive planning system in the 1960s and 1970s, to one that is now dominated by deliberative democracy in the form of collaborative planning. In theoretical terms, this debate has been framed by a movement from what are perceived as objective and elitist notions of planning practice and decision-making to ones that are considered (by some) to be ‘inter-subjective’ and non-elitist. Yet despite significant conceptual debate, only a small number of empirical studies have tackled the issue by investigating notions of the common good from the perspective of planning practitioners. What do practitioners understand by the idea of the common good in planning? Do they actively consider it when making planning decisions? Do governance/institutional barriers exist to pursuing the common good in planning? In this paper, these sorts of questions are addressed using the case of Ireland. The methodology consists of a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 urban planners working across four planning authorities within the Greater Dublin Area, Ireland. The findings show that the most frequently cited definition of the common good is balancing different competing interests and avoiding/minimising the negative effects of development. The results show that practitioner views of the common good are far removed from the lofty ideals of planning theory and reflect the ideological shift of planners within an institution that has been heavily neoliberalised since the 1970s.