Letter from Charles Samuel Stewart to William Tudor,

One letter requesting a visit to the Peruvian senate.

Letter from Charles C.B. Thompson to William Tudor,

One letter sent from Valparaiso, Chile, in which Thompson discusses the political situation in that country and his own health.

Letter from Charles B. Bullard to William Tudor,

Letter enclosed with two letters to be delivered to Perkins & Co. regarding quicksilver.

Letters from Charles Loring to William Tudor,

Three letters regarding the legal dispute between John Dorr and the Peruvian government over the condemnation of Dorr’s ship, Esther. Loring was the attorney for the defendant, Paschal Pope. Tudor was authorized to depose witnesses in his capacity as United States consul.

Letter from John T. Kirkland to Charles Sigourney,

This folder contains a typewritten copy of Kirkland's original letter. The location of the original is unknown.

Letter from Charles Sumner to Miss Sales, 1854 August 9

Handwritten letter of condolence from United States Senator Charles Sumner (Harvard AB 1830) to Francis Sales's daughter following her father's death. The mailing envelope accompanies the letter.

Winthrop, Robert Charles, 1809-1894, autographed letter signed to James Read Chadwick; Boston, 1 side (3 pages), 1879 January 29

Correspondence regarding the donation of several collections to the Boston Medical Library, including the John Winthrop papers

Papers of Helen Lawrence Appleton Brooks, 1822-1985

Mostly correspondence between family members, beginning with Catherine Lawrence and Charles Appleton, the parents of Helen Brooks. Also records of Brooks' voluntary activities, her diaries and personal writings, and material collected by Grace Norton about Henry James.

De Gaulle and Europe: Historical Revision and Social Science Theory. CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 08.5, 1998

The thousands of books and articles on Charles de Gaulle's policy toward European integration, whether written by historians, political scientists, or commentators, universally accord primary explanatory importance to the General's distinctive geopolitical ideology. In explaining his motivations, only secondary significance, if any at all, is attached to commercial considerations. This paper seeks to reverse this historiographical consensus by the four major decisions toward European integration taken under de Gaulle's Presidency: the decisions to remain in the Common Market in 1958, to propose the Fouchet Plan in the early 1960s, to veto British accession to the EC, and to provoke the "empty chair" crisis in 1965-1966, resulting in Luxembourg Compromise. In each case, the overwhelming bulk of the primary evidence speeches, memoirs, or government documents suggests that de Gaulle's primary motivation was economic, not geopolitical or ideological. Like his predecessors and successors, de Gaulle sought to promote French industry and agriculture by establishing protected markets for their export products. This empirical finding has three broader implications: (1) For those interested in the European Union, it suggests that regional integration has been driven primarily by economic, not geopolitical considerations even in the least likely case. (2) For those interested in the role of ideas in foreign policy, it suggests that strong interest groups in a democracy limit the impact of a leaders geopolitical ideology even where the executive has very broad institutional autonomy. De Gaulle was a democratic statesman first and an ideological visionary second. (3) For those who employ qualitative case-study methods, it suggests that even a broad, representative sample of secondary sources does not create a firm basis for causal inference. For political scientists, as for historians, there is in many cases no reliable alternative to primary source research.

Charles S. Smith

On mat: Calvert Bros. & Taylor; Nashville, Tenn.

Scientific papers of Asa Gray,

v. 1. Reviews of works on botany and related subjects, 1834-1887.--v. 2. Essays; biographical sketches, 1841-1886.

Plenary papers of the 1999 Conference on Criminal Justice Research and Evaluation--enhancing policy and practice through research.

"Sept. 2000" (v. 3).