Note on the size groups of prawns landed by shrimp trawls of four different cod end meshes

A study on the different size groups of prawns caught by four shrimp trawls having different cod-end meshes was made by the author. The results indicate that small sized prawns of mean length 77.15 mm were captured by the net having 23.38 mm cod-end at 5-6 fathoms depth, medium prawns of mean length 105.22 mm was caught in 25.21 mm and 19.88 mm cod-end at 8 fathoms depth and big sized prawns of mean length 117.98 mm were caught in 21.29 mm cod-end. Further the relation of length on breadth of prawn is worked out to be : Bp=0.15 Lp - 1.50 where Bp and Lp are breadth and length respectively.

On the selective action of the cod end meshes of a shrimp trawl

Selectivity studies using cod end and cover to determine the optimum cod end mesh size for commercial size groups of shrimps was carried out at Cochin during 1963-64 fishing season. The normality of the result was checked by trouser cod end method. Although the present investigation was mainly aimed to find out suitable cod end mesh size for commercial varieties of shrimps, five commonly occurring species of fishes were also taken. The 50% escape level, co-efficient of selectivity and selection factor for all the species were worked out. From the findings, the authors stress the necessity of increasing the cod end mesh size from the present condition (25.4 to 31.70 mm) to 41.65 mm fabricated mesh size to avoid depletion of the natural population.

一种适合于大批量生产的激光器COD消除方法

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COD by magnetic field in electron-cooling section and correction at CSR

Application of electron-cooling upgrades the quality of ion beams in the storage rings and brings new problems. The transverse magnetic field distorts the ion orbit while guiding the intense electron beam. The closed-orbit distortion should be and can be localized and controlled well inside the ring acceptance. This paper deals with the field in the e-cool section and concomitant COD of ion orbit and shows the correction scheme.

稠油乳化段废水厌氧处理过程中COD与BOD_5的协同变化及可生化性研究

稠油乳化段废水中的主要污染物为有机聚合物和石油类污染物 ,BOD5 COD值极低 ,可生化性差 .通过厌氧处理可使污染物发生水解反应 ,BOD5 COD值由 0 0 8升为 0 15 (2 88h) .与其它难降解有机废水的厌氧处理结果不同 ,在BOD5增加的同时 ,COD亦大幅度增加 .而在全部厌氧反应过程中 ,TOC一直呈下降趋势 ,表明水样中的污染物在生物作用下不断得到削减 ;在COD达到最高时 ,石油类污染物中胶质的浓度大幅度降低 ,烷烃的浓度升高 ,说明以胶质为代表的大分子污染物因水解反应 ,由K2 Cr2 O7不能氧化状态变为可氧化状态 ,导致COD测量值显著升高

芝罘西湾COD浓度变化和相关分析的初步探讨

Using the method of the correlation analysis this paper discusses the relations between COD concentration change and the tide in the western Zhi Wu Gulf of Yan Tai. The tropic equation was given. It can be seen that the correlation between the concentration of COD and the tide level is minus in the north of this Bay. However it is positive in the south of this Bay. The concentration of COD in oreases with the increases of mean range of tide. The concentration of COD for flood tide is less than it for ebb current in the north of the Bay and vice verse in the south of the Bay.

人工土层快滤系统主要设计参数优化研究——去除COD的参数优化

在实验室条件下模拟了人工土层快滤系统,运用均匀设计原理来寻求最佳COD去除率的主要设计参数的方法,即人工土组成(石英砂/土)、运行周期(淹水时间、湿干比)等。用倒数方程法来求得系统的COD稳定去除率,利用逐步回归法,建立了人工快速渗滤系统的主要设计参数与COD去除率之间的多元线性回归模型。研究结果得到的主要参数优化方案是石英砂/土=1.073,淹水时间=4h,湿干比=1/8,理论最大COD去除率为84.73%。理论结果与验证结果基本一致,表明此方法是可行的。同时,从优化模型中可以看出人工土组成与湿干比存在交互作用。

Pregnancy, alcohol intake, and intimate partner violence among men and women attending drinking establishments in a Cape Town, South Africa township.

The highest rates of fetal alcohol syndrome worldwide can be found in South Africa. Particularly in impoverished townships in the Western Cape, pregnant women live in environments where alcohol intake during pregnancy has become normalized and interpersonal violence (IPV) is reported at high rates. For the current study we sought to examine how pregnancy, for both men and women, is related to alcohol use behaviors and IPV. We surveyed 2,120 men and women attending drinking establishments in a township located in the Western Cape of South Africa. Among women 13.3% reported being pregnant, and among men 12.0% reported their partner pregnant. For pregnant women, 61% reported attending the bar that evening to drink alcohol and 26% reported both alcohol use and currently experiencing IPV. Daily or almost daily binge drinking was reported twice as often among pregnant women than non-pregnant women (8.4% vs. 4.2%). Men with pregnant partners reported the highest rates of hitting sex partners, forcing a partner to have sex, and being forced to have sex. High rates of alcohol frequency, consumption, binge drinking, consumption and binge drinking were reported across the entire sample. In general, experiencing and perpetrating IPV were associated with alcohol use among all participants except for men with pregnant partners. Alcohol use among pregnant women attending shebeens is alarmingly high. Moreover, alcohol use appears to be an important factor in understanding the relationship between IPV and pregnancy. Intensive, targeted, and effective interventions for both men and women are urgently needed to address high rates of drinking alcohol among pregnant women who attend drinking establishments.

Financing the development of poor communities in the Northern Cape of South Africa - an analytical framework for the study of livestock banks

This paper is part of a major project about the Northern Cape Land Reform and Advocacy (NCLRA) programme being implemented by FARM-Africa* in South Africa. The NCLRA programme had initiated a financial mechanism to help poor communities to get access to finance and training in order to enable them to make better use of their newly-acquired land. One prominent aspect of the programme is the implementation of Livestock Banks, or the use of animals as financial products. The paper provides an analytical framework with which to evaluate the effectiveness of Livestock Banks in the poor communities of the Northern Cape in South Africa. It focuses on the design, implementation and future of Livestock Banks. The paper argues that Livestock Banks need to be reformed and enhanced if they are to continue to play a key role in the goal of creating financial and economic value in Africa, particularly when the primary objective is simultaneously to help reduce poverty. [Note]*FARM-Africa (Food & Agricultural Research Management) is a registered UK charity organisation and a company limited by guarantee in England and Wales no. 01926828.