Aspects of IFP for citrus production in Brazil

Brazilian citriculture represents about 25% of the total world citrus production with an area of 851,518 ha and a total production of more than 17 million tons in 1996. Besides its importance to the brazilian economy, represented by more than 1 billion US $ by year from FCOJ exportation, the citriculture has problems related to low productivity, due to several cultural practices and management. The productivity would be improved by an IFP system. The main problems are related to soil, as poor conservation, use of poor drained soils and bad preparation for planting; diseases-canker, CVC, leprosis, Phytophtora gummosis and other fungus diseases; pests - mites, scales, nematodes and others; the use of disease free and improved scion and rootstocks propagative material is usual; cultural practices - as nutrition, irrigation, wind breaks, weed control, pruning, replant and others, as density planting could be improved. Some possible solutions will be discussed for improving the brazilian citrus productivity and quality by IFP, based on research made.

Susceptibility of tangerines to citrus variegated chlorosis

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), a citrus disease first discovered in Brazil in 1987, is caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa and transmitted by sharpshooters and budwood. Since the disease affects almost all sweet orange cultivars, it has become one of the most serious problems for Brazilian citriculture. To evaluate their resistance to CVC disease, fifteen tangerines or mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) and their hybrids were grafted on Rangpur lime (C. limonia Osb.) and inoculated with CVC-contaminated Pera sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osb.) by twig grafting in a greenhouse. Tangerines and their hybrids Wilking, Fortune, Sunki, Ellendale, Orlando tangelo, Nunes clementine, Nova, Sun Shu Sha Kat, Suenkat, and Batangas showed CVC leaf symptoms and gave positive results on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (with specific primers for X. fastidiosa), indicating that they are susceptible to CVC. Although X. fastidiosa bacteria were detected by ELISA and PCR in inoculated plants of tangerines Cravo and Oneco, no CVC leaf symptoms were observed on these two cultivars, suggesting that they are tolerant to the disease. CVC leaf symptoms were not observed and X. fastidiosa was not detected in tangerine Dancy and mandarins Okitsu satsuma and Ponkan after inoculation, showing that they are resistant to the disease.

Role of brain nitric oxide in the cardiovascular control of bullfrogs

The goal of the present study was to determine if nitric oxide (NO) acting on the brain of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is involved in arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) control by influencing sympathetic activity. We investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular injections of l-NMMA (a nonselective NO synthase inhibitor) on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), HR and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) of pelvic skin after intravenous injection of α or β adrenergic blockers, prazosin or sotalol, respectively. Arterial pressure was directly measured by a telemetry sensor inserted in the aortic arch of animals. l-NMMA increased MAP, but did not change HR. This hypertensive response was inhibited by the pre-treatment with prazosin, but accentuated by sotalol. The effect of l-NMMA on MAP was also inhibited by i.v. injections of the ganglionic blocker, hexamethonium. Thus, NO acting on the brain of bullfrog seems to present a hypotensive effect influencing the sympathetic activity dependent on α and β adrenergic receptors in the periphery. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Estudo das características acústicas das fricativas do português do Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determinação da tolerância da cultivar navelina ISA 315 à clorose variegada dos citros

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sistemas de produção de mudas cítricas em viveiros protegidos no Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

O desenvolvimento da consciência fonêmica e a aquisição do princípio alfabético

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produção e qualidade dos frutos de seis cultivares de laranjeiras doces sob infecção natural de Xylella fastidiosa no Norte do Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Expressão diferencial de genes em laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) em tangerina (Citrus reticulata blanco) em resposta à infecção por Xylella fastidiosa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Infecções da corrente sanguínea por Klebsiella spp. produtora de Betalactamase de espectro expandido em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal de hospital de ensino no estado do Pará: fatores de risco para letalidade

Klebsiella spp. produtora de beta-lactamases de espectro expandido (ESBL) tem emergido como um problema comum globalmente. Entretanto, dados relativos às características clínicoepidemiológicas e ao desfecho clínico em neonatos infectados por esta bactéria gram-negativa ESBL são ainda limitados. Estudo descritivo retrospectivo analítico avaliou os fatores de risco associados à letalidade e o perfil epidemiológico das Infecções de corrente sanguínea (ICS) por Klebsiella spp. ESBL em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) neonatal de hospital de ensino no Estado do Pará, Brasil. Amostra composta por 27 neonatos, a maioria prematuros (77,8%), com a idade gestacional média de 34 semanas, variando de 27 a 41 semanas. Os episódios de ICS foram mais frequentes em recém-nascidos (RN) com peso ≤ 1500 g (40,7%), sendo que 14,8% abaixo dos de 1000g. O tempo médio de internação dos pacientes foi 40,51 dias variando de 5 a 101 dias (DP = ±29,61), com tempo médio de aparecimento da ICS de 12,2 dias após a admissão na UTI neonatal. A maioria das infecções foi provocada por bactérias da espécie Klebsiella pneumoniae (52%). A mortalidade geral encontrada foi 66,7%, com uma taxa de letalidade até o 14º dia da bacteremia de 51,8 %. O cateter vascular central (CVC) esteve presente em cerca de 60% dos RN e todos os pacientes apresentavam-se sob ventilação mecânica no momento do episódio da ICS. Quanto às variáveis associadas ao óbito até o 14° dia, apenas a inadequação da terapia antimicrobiana apresentou significância estatística (P<0,0017), já que todos os neonatos que receberam antibioticoterapia inapropriada evoluíram desfavoravelmente. As ICS causadas por Klebsiella ESBL têm se tornado um problema comum em RN prematuros com elevada mortalidade naqueles que recebem terapia inapropriada.

A variação das vogais médias pretônicas no português falado na área urbana do município de Belém/PA

O presente estudo, baseado na metodologia da Sociolinguistica Variacionista, tem como objetivo investigar a variação das vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no português falado na área urbana da cidade de Belém (PA). A amostra constitui-se de 48 (quarenta e oito) entrevistas coletadas de informantes pertencentes a uma amostra estratificada em que se controlam as variáveis sociais, como faixa etária (15 a 25 anos, 26 a 45 anos e 46 anos em diante), sexo e grau de escolaridade (não-escolarizado, fundamental, médio e superior). Foram selecionadas as ocorrências de vogais pretônicas segundo os moldes silábicos V, VC (exceto travamento em /N/ e /S/), CV, CVC, CCV e CCVC. Na análise final, 1.434 dados foram submetidos ao programa Varbrul: 776 das variantes de /e/ e 658 das variantes de /o/. Para o objetivo do presente trabalho, a análise tomou como base 10 (dez) grupos de fatores lingüísticos e 03 (três) grupos de fatores sociais que possivelmente pudessem explicar a variação das vogais. Os resultados mostraram que no dialeto em questão predomina a manutenção das vogais médias pretônicas (.819), sendo esta favorecida por 06 (seis) grupos de fatores lingüísticos e 02 (dois) grupos de fatores sociais.

Estudo prospectivo e comparativo do uso de lock antibioticoterapia profilática em cateteres tunelizados para hemodiálise

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Avaliação e manejo da oclusão trombótica de cateteres de longa permanência dos pacientes em hemodiálise

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Effective Use of Alteplase for Occluded Tunneled Venous Catheter in Hemodialysis Patients

Despite their propensity for significant infectious and mechanical complications, tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) have become a common means of vascular access in the world for patients requiring chronic hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. The objective of this study was to explore if cryopreserved solutions of the thrombolytic agent alteplase could be used as an effective, safe, and economically reasonable alternative in hemodialysis patients with occluded tunneled CVC. Patients requiring chronic hemodialysis and presenting with occluded tunneled CVC received a sufficient volume of the alteplase solution to fill the occluded catheter. To make alteplase economically feasible, it was diluted to 1-mg/mL aliquots and they were stored at -20 degrees C until use. Eighty-one patients accounting for 179 attempted clearances were assessable for efficacy. One hundred forty-seven (82.1%) of the 179 catheter clearance attempts resulted in successful catheter clearance after one dose. Twenty-seven (15.1%) of all occluded CVCs were successful after two doses whereas five (2.8%) were not. No adverse events were reported. Cryopreserved 1-mg/mL aliquots of alteplase are safe and effective in the clearance of occluded CVC for hemodialysis patients.

Approach to prophylactic measures for central venous catheter-related infections in hemodialysis: A critical review

Vascular access is the major risk factor for bacteremia, hospitalization, and mortality among hemodialysis (HD) patients. The type of vascular access most associated with bloodstream infection is central venous catheter (CVC). The incidence of catheter-related bacteremia ranges between 0.6 and 6.5 episodes per 1000 catheter days and increases linearly with the duration of catheter use. Given the high prevalence of CVC use and its direct association with catheter-related bacteremia, which adversely impacts morbidity and mortality rates and costs among HD patients, several prevention measures aimed at reducing the rates of CVC-related infections have been proposed and implemented. As a result, a large number of clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have been conducted in order to assess the effectiveness, clinical applicability, and long-term adverse effects of such measures. In the following article, prophylactic measures against CVC-related infections in HD patients and their possible advantages and limitations will be discussed, and the more recent literature on clinical experience with prophylactic antimicrobial lock therapy in HD CVCs will be reviewed.