Innovative molecular approach to the identification of Colossoma macropomum and its hybrids

O Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) é a espécie de peixe mais comumente cultivada em pisciculturas no Brasil. A espécie é altamente adaptada às condições de cativeiro, apresentando rápido crescimento e alta fecundidade. Nos últimos anos tem ocorrido o cruzamento artificial entre espécies de Characiformes, produzindo os híbridos "Tambacu" e "Tambatinga". A identificação de híbridos é uma tarefa difícil, em virtude da grande similaridade morfológica entre as espécies parentais. O presente estudo apresenta uma abordagem molecular inovadora para identificação de híbridos com base em PCR Multiplex de um gene nuclear (α-Tropomiosina), em que foram testados 93 espécimes obtidos em pisciculturas da região norte do Brasil. O sequenciamento de um fragmento de 505 pares de bases da Região Controle permitiu a identificação da linhagem materna de todos os espécimes como sendo de C. macropomum. Inesperadamente foram encontrados apenas dois haplótipos nas 93 amostras, um baixíssimo índice de diversidade para populações cultivadas de Tambaqui. A PCR multiplex identificou 42 híbridos, em contraste aos 23 híbridos citados pelos fornecedores dos peixes, em uma identificação realizada com base na morfologia. Esta ferramenta inovadora possui um grande potencial para o desenvolvimento da aquicultura brasileira dada a possibilidade de identificação sistemática das características genéticas tanto das matrizes produtoras de alevinos quanto dos alevinos e juvenis criados em fazendas.

Estudos genéticos em raias do gênero Potamotrygon (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae) na Bacia do Rio Paraná

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB

Análise da estrutura genética populacional de duas espécies de Characiformes (Pygocentrus nattereri e Potamorhina latior) na região da bacia do Rio Madeira, Rondônia

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB

The Mitochondrial Genome of the Leaf-Cutter Ant Atta laevigata: A Mitogenome with a Large Number of Intergenic Spacers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da variabilidade genética e expressão de HPV em papilomatose de laringe

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise de SNPs do DNA mitocondrial em indivíduos residentes no estado do Espírito Santo para aplicação na Identificação Humana

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Genetic structure and historical diversification of catfish Brachyplatystoma platynemum (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Amazon basin with implications for its conservation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

High connectivity of the crocodile shark between the atlantic and southwest indian oceans: highlights for conservation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Differences in transcriptional activity of human papillomavirus type 6 molecular variants in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análises genético-populacionais em arara-azul-grande (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) baseadas em marcadores mitocondriais: contribuições à conservação biológica da espécie

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Innovative molecular approach to the identification of Colossoma macropomum and its hybrids

Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is the fish species most commonly raised in the Brazilian fish farms. The species is highly adaptable to captive conditions, and is both fast-growing and relatively fecund. In recent years, artificial breeding has produced hybrids with Characiform species, known as “Tambacu” and “Tambatinga”. Identifying hybrids is a difficult process, given their morphological similarities with the parent species. This study presents an innovative molecular approach to the identification of hybrids based primarily on Multiplex PCR of a nuclear gene (a-Tropomyosin), which was tested on 93 specimens obtained from fish farms in northern Brazil. The sequencing of a 505-bp fragment of the Control Region (CR) permitted the identification of the maternal lineage of the specimen, all of which corresponded to C. macropomum. Unexpectedly, only two CR haplotype were found in 93 samples, a very low genetic diversity for the pisciculture of Tambaqui. Multiplex PCR identified 42 hybrids, in contrast with 23 identified by the supplier on the basis of external morphology. This innovative tool has considerable potential for the development of the Brazilian aquaculture, given the possibility of the systematic identification of the genetic traits of both fry-producing stocks, and the fry and juveniles raised in farms.

Análise da composição e distribuição geográfica dos atuns da costa brasileira (Perciformes: Scombridae: Thunnini)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da composição e distribuição geográfica dos atuns da costa brasileira (Perciformes: Scombridae: Thunnini)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic variability in mitochondrial and nuclear genes of Larus dominicanus (Charadriiformes, Laridae) from the Brazilian coast

Several phylogeographic studies of seabirds have documented low genetic diversity that has been attributed to bottleneck events or individual capacity for dispersal. Few studies have been done in seabirds on the Brazilian coast and all have shown low genetic differentiation on a wide geographic scale. The Kelp Gull is a common species with a wide distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. In this study, we used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to examine the genetic variability of Kelp Gull populations on the Brazilian coast and compared this variability with that of sub-Antarctic island populations of this species. Kelp Gulls showed extremely low genetic variability for nnitochondrial markers (cytb and ATPase) and high diversity for a nuclear locus (intron 7 of the beta-fibrinogen). The intraspecific evolutionary history of Kelp Gulls showed that the variability found in intron 7 of the beta-fibrinogen gene was compatible with the variability expected under neutral evolution but suggested an increase in population size during the last 10,000 years. However, none of the markers revealed evidence of a bottleneck population. These findings indicate that the recent origin of Kelp Gulls is the main explanation for their nuclear diversity, although selective pressure on the mtDNA of this species cannot be discarded.

Oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by epsilon-MnO2: Influence of the crystalline structure on the reaction mechanism

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied in KOH electrolyte on carbon supported epsilon-manganese dioxide (epsilon-MnO2/C). The epsilon-MnO2/C catalyst was prepared via thermal decomposition of manganese nitrate and carbon powder (Vulcan XC-72) mixtures. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed in order to determine the crystalline structure of the resulting composite, while energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was used to evaluate the chemical composition of the synthesized material. The electrochemical studies were conducted using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and quasi-steady state polarization measurements carried out with an ultra thin layer rotating ring/disk electrode (RRDE) configuration. The electrocatalytic results obtained for 20% (w/w) Pt/C (E-TEK Inc., USA) and alpha-MnO2/C for the ORR, considered as one of the most active manganese oxide based catalyst for the ORR in alkaline media, were included for comparison. The RRDE results revealed that the ORR on the MnO2 catalysts proceeds preferentially through the complete 4e(-) reduction pathway via a 2 plus 2e(-) reduction process involving hydrogen peroxide as an intermediate. A benchmark close to the performance of 20% (w/w) Pt/C (E-TEK Inc., USA) was observed for the epsilon-MnO2/C material in the kinetic control region, superior to the performance of alpha-MnO2/C, but a higher amount of HO2- was obtained when epsilon-MnO2/C was used as catalyst. The higher production of hydrogen peroxide on epsilon-MnO2/C was related to the presence of structural defects, typical of this oxide, while the better catalytic performance in the kinetic control region compared to alpha-MnO2/C was related with the higher electrochemical activity for the proton insertion kinetics, which is a structure sensitive process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.