Comportamento do implante contendo bone morphogenetic protein (bmp) associado ao plasma rico em plaquetas na reparação de fraturas orbitárias

Purpose: This study intends to evaluate BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) implant and BMP implant plus PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) in rabbit orbital fractures, searching for tissue reaction, by radiological and morfometrical analysis. Methods:Third six white rabbits were submitted to orbital floor fracture and distributed in three groups: G1, with rabbits receiving a plate containing decalcified bone matrix and BMP; G2, with rabbits receiving the implant with BMP wrapped by PRP; G3, the control group where it was made the fracture only. The animals were evaluated radiologically after surgery and at sacrifice time in 7, 30, 90 and 180th day after surgery. After sacrifice, a block containing the right orbital tissue was extracted and prepared to morphological and morphometrical analysis. Results: An intensive linfomononuclear inflammatory reaction was observed at 7th day in G1 e G2, witch decreased after the 30th day; mesenchimal cells, osteoblasts, new bone and progressive cavitation of the implant were also observed, besides signs of calcium deposition by radiological study. In the control group fibrosis at the site of fracture was identified only. Conclusion: BMP seemed a good orbital implant producing new bone at the implant site and correcting bone defect.There was not observed acceleration of osteoinduction when the implant was associated with PRP.

BMP implant associated with platelet-rich plasma in orbit fracture repair

Purpose: To evaluate a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) implant with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is supposed to accelerate fracture consolidation in the orbit fracture treatment. Methods: Thirty-six white rabbits were subjected to orbital fracture and treated in three groups: BMP implant fracture repair (G1), BMP plus PRP implant fracture repair (G2), and fracture and spontaneous repair (G3). The animals were sacrificed at 7, 30, 90, and 180 days after surgery. A radiology evaluation was carried out on the 7th day after the fracture and at the sacrifice moments. After the animals' death, the orbital content material was removed and prepared for morphological and morphometric analysis. Results: Radiology suggested intramembranous and progressive cavitation and ossification without a reduction in implant size and with signs of calcium deposition; these events were confirmed by histological analysis, which showed a lymphomononuclear inflammatory reaction in G1 and G2, more intense 7 days after surgery and reducing after 30 days. Associating PRP with BMP did not accelerate bone induction. Conclusion: BMP implant promotes bone induction, integration at fracture site, scarce inflammatory reaction, and may be a good alternative in orbit fracture reconstruction. The addition of PRP to the BMP plate did not accelerate the resolution, and its use is not necessary. Copyright © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.

Prevalence of enamel white spots and risk factors in children up to 36 months old

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enamel white spots and the quality of oral hygiene in children up to 36 months old, in municipalities with different fluoride levels in the water supply, analyzing the contribution of several variables. After approval of the Ethics Committee, the parents signed an informed consent form and were interviewed about their educational level, economic classification of the family, nursing habits, use of toothpaste, access to dental service and other information. The children were clinically examined using the same codes and criteria established by the WHO (World Health Organization) and ADA (American Dental Association). The data were processed and analyzed with the Epi-info software program, version 3.2, and Microsoft Excel. Fisher's exact test (p<0.05) was applied to assess the association among the variables. The enamel white spot prevalence was 30.8% and the age group, duration of the bedtime milk feeding habit, age of initial practice of oral hygiene and presence of caries lesions with cavitation were considered statistically significant with regard to enamel white spot prevalence (p < 0.05). No association was found between oral hygiene quality and the study variables. © 2009 Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica.

Detection of cavitated approximal surfaces using cone beam CT and intraoral receptors

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cone beam CT (CBCT) in a small field of view (FOV) with a solid-state sensor and a photostimulable phosphor plate system for detection of cavitated approximal surfaces. Methods: 257 non-filled approximal surfaces from human permanent premolars and molars were recorded by two intraoral digital receptors, a storage phosphor plate (Digora Optime, Soredex) and a solid-state CMOS sensor (Digora Toto, Soredex), and scanned in a cone beam CT unit (3D Accuitomo FPD80, Morita) with a FOV of 4 cm and a voxel size of 0.08 mm. Image sections were carried out in the axial and mesiodistal tooth planes. Six observers recorded surface cavitation in all images. Validation of the true absence or presence of surface cavitation was performed by inspecting the surfaces under strong light with the naked eye. Differences in sensitivity, specificity and agreement were estimated by analysing the binary data in a generalized linear model using an identity link function. Results: A significantly higher sensitivity was obtained by all observers with CBCT (p,0.001), which was not compromised by a lower specificity. Therefore, a significantly higher overall agreement was obtained with CBCT (p,0.001). There were no significant differences between the Digora Optime phosphor plate system and the Digora Toto CMOS sensor for any parameter. Conclusions: CBCT was much more accurate in the detection of surface cavitation in approximal surfaces than intraoral receptors. The differences are interpreted as clinically significant. A CBCT examination performed for other reasons should also be assessed for approximal surface cavities in teeth without restorations. © 2013 The British Institute of Radiology.

Análise do fenômeno de cavitação em bomba centrífuga

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise microestrutural de revestimentos usados no reparo de turbinas hidráulicas danificadas pela cavitação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos clínico, radiográfico e microbiológico da pigmentação em molares decíduos sob monitoramento preventivo: estudo longitudinal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da performance da inspeção visual, sondagem, radiografia interproximal, separação dental e laser de fluorescência no diagnóstico de lesões cariosas proximais

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Collaboration of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of thyroid gland carcinoma in a dog - case report

The sonographic evaluation of thyroid glands in veterinary medicine presents challenges due to the complexity of the anatomical region, professional experience and type of ultrasonography equipment. The technique is considered a versatile diagnostic method that is noninvasive and has a low cost indicated in different clinical situations. Thyroid carcinoma is a malignant tumor that is often invasive and frequently metastatic to regional lymph nodes and lungs. The prognostic indicators for survival after surgery include tumor size, histological type, mobility and presence or absence of metastasis. The objective of the present report is to demonstrate the importance of ultrasound as a complementary method in the evaluation of thyroid carcinoma in dogs. At the Dr. Halim Atique Veterinary Hospital, an eight-year-old male Pit Bull was examined due to a history of firm painless swelling, approximately six inches in diameter, in the ventral cervical region, for about two months. The sonogram showed a nodular area, with defined and regular margins, and heterogeneous hypoechoic parenchyma, with areas of cavitation and swelling of the thyroid. Histopathology of the nodule was consistent with carcinoma. After thyreoidectomy and hormone replacemet, the patient is in good clinical condition.

Recuperação de turbinas hidráulicas danificadas por erosão cavitacional por soldagem com aço inoxidável/cobalto

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Determinação das melhores condições de hidrólise física com ultrassom de potência em resíduos de amendoim

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Risk factors in the mother-child relationship that predispose to the development of early childhood caries

This study focused on the risk factors in mother-child relationship that predispose babies to the development of dental caries. A prospective cohort study with 80 mother-child pairs was conducted. The mothers responded at 12, 18 and 30 months after their children's birth, to questions about variables related to diet, sucking habits, and oral care. Children were clinically examined to verify caries lesions (white spot lesions or cavitation). Data were analysed using Chi squared or Fisher's exact tests. The significance level was set at 5 %. Of the total, 3.75 % showed cavitated lesions after 18 months; 6.25 and 45 % had spot white lesions, respectively, at 18 and 30 months. The cariogenic diet was high at 12 (63.75 %) and 30 (88.75 %) months. Good oral hygiene was present in a minority of children at 12 months (46.25 %), but increased at 30 months (65 %), helping to prevent cavities and white spot lesions over this period (p = 0.0005). The variables of the blocks sucking habits and diet were not associated with caries. The lack of oral care in children was a risk factor for dental caries development.

Modellizzazione numerica e caratterizzazione sperimentale di macchine e componenti oleodinamici

Nella prima parte di questa tesi di dottorato sono presentate le attività svolte, di carattere numerico, ai fini della modellizzazione di macchine volumetriche ad ingranaggi esterni. In particolare viene dapprima presentato un modello a parametri concentrati utilizzato per l’analisi dei fenomeni che coinvolgono l’area di ingranamento della macchina; un codice di calcolo associato al modello è stato sviluppato ed utilizzato per la determinazione dell’influenza delle condizioni di funzionamento e delle caratteristiche geometriche della macchina sulle sovra-pressioni e sull’eventuale instaurarsi della cavitazione nei volumi tra i denti che si trovano nell’area di ingranamento. In seguito vengono presentati i risultati ottenuti dall’analisi del bilanciamento assiale di diverse unità commerciali, evidenziando l’influenza delle caratteristiche geometriche delle fiancate di bilanciamento; a questo proposito, viene presentato anche un semplice modello a parametri concentrati per valutare il rendimento volumetrico della macchina ad ingranaggi esterni, con l’intenzione di usare tale parametro quale indice qualitativo della bontà del bilanciamento assiale. Infine, viene presentato un modello completo della macchina ad ingranaggi esterni, realizzato in un software commerciale a parametri concentrati, che permette di analizzare nel dettaglio il funzionamento della macchina e di studiare anche l’interazione della stessa con il circuito idraulico in cui è inserita. Nella seconda parte della tesi si presentano le attività legate alla messa in funzione di due banchi prova idraulici per la caratterizzazione sperimentale di macchine volumetriche e componenti di regolazione, con particolare attenzione dedicata alla messa a punto del sistema di acquisizione e gestione dei dati sperimentali; si presentano infine i risultati di alcune prove eseguite su componenti di regolazione e macchine volumetriche.

Simulazioni multifase del flusso di iniettori per applicazioni a motori gdi

Questo lavoro si concentra sullo studio fluidodinamico del flusso multifase cavitante di un iniettore per applicazioni a motori ad iniezione diretta (GDI). L’analisi è stata svolta tramite l’uso del software CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Star-CCM+^® sviluppato da CD-ADAPCO. L’obiettivo di questo studio è investigare i motivi che portano ad un diverso comportamento tra i rilievi della prova sperimentale di caratterizzazione dell’iniettore e quanto atteso dai valori nominali dettati dalla specifica dell’iniettore, con particolare riferimento alla distribuzione di portata fra i diversi ugelli. Il presente lavoro fa parte di una coppia di elaborati collegati tra loro e, pertanto, ha inoltre lo scopo di fornire dati utili allo sviluppo dell’altro tema di analisi mirato alla individuazione di parametri di qualità della miscela aria-combustibile non reagente utili alla previsione della formazione del particolato prodotto dalla combustione di un motore GDI. L’elaborato, costituito di 5 capitoli, è strutturato secondo lo schema sottostante. Nel capitolo 1 vengono presentate le motivazioni che lo hanno avviato e viene esposto lo stato dell’arte della tecnologia GDI. Il capitolo 2 è a sfondo teorico: in esso vengono riportati i fondamenti del processo di cavitazione nella prima parte e i modelli numerici utilizzati nell’analisi nella seconda. Il capitolo 3 descrive la modellazione e successiva validazione dei modelli tramite confronto con il test case ‘Comprensive hydraulic and flow field documentation in model throttle experiments under cavitation conditions’ (E. Winklhofer, 2001). Nella scelta dei modelli e dei parametri relativi, l’analisi si è basata su precedenti lavori trovati in letteratura. Successivamente è stato svolto uno studio di sensibilità per valutare la stabilità della soluzione a piccole variazioni nei valori dei parametri. La scelta dei parametri modellistici nel caso di interesse, l’iniettore multihole, si è basata inizialmente sui valori ‘ottimali’ ottenuti nel test case ed è l’argomento del capitolo 4. All’interno del capitolo si parla inoltre dell’analisi di sensibilità successiva, svolta con lo scopo di comprendere i motivi che portano allo sbilanciamento tra fori corrispondenti e al maggiore sviluppo del getto centrale rispetto agli altri. Nel capitolo 5 dopo un breve riepilogo dei punti fondamentali trattati nello svolgimento dell’elaborato, si tirano le conclusioni sull’analisi e si espongono gli sviluppi futuri.

GSR deposition along the bullet path in contact shots to composite models

In contact shots, all the materials emerging from the muzzle (combustion gases, soot, powder grains, and metals from the primer) will be driven into the depth of the entrance wound and the following sections of the bullet track. The so-called "pocket" ("powder cavity") under the skin containing soot and gunpowder particles is regarded as a significant indicator of a contact entrance wound since one would expect that the quantity of GSR deposited along the bullet's path rapidly declines towards the exit hole. Nevertheless, experience has shown that soot, powder particles, and carboxyhemoglobin may be found not only in the initial part of the wound channel, but also far away from the entrance and even at the exit. In order to investigate the propagation of GSRs under standardized conditions, contact test shots were fired against composite models of pig skin and 25-cm-long gelatin blocks using 9-mm Luger pistol cartridges with two different primers (Sinoxid® and Sintox®). Subsequently, 1-cm-thick layers of the gelatin blocks were examined as to their primer element contents (lead, barium, and antimony as discharge residues of Sinoxid® as well as zinc and titanium from Sintox®) by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. As expected, the highest element concentrations were found in the initial parts of the bullet tracks, but also the distal sections contained detectable amounts of the respective primer elements. The same was true for amorphous soot and unburned/partly burned powder particles, which could be demonstrated even at the exit site. With the help of a high-speed motion camera it was shown that for a short time the temporary cavitation extends from the entrance to the exit thus facilitating the unlimited spread of discharge residues along the whole bullet path.