Expression des récepteurs aux facteurs de croissance (autres que KIT et PDGFRA) dans les tumeurs stromales gastro-intestinales : étude anatomo-clinique et immunohistochimique de 80 cas

Résumé Les tumeurs stromales gastro-intestinales (GISTs) sont des tumeurs de malignité variable du tractus gastro-intestinal d'évolution difficilement prévisible. Plus de 95% d'entre elles expriment les récepteurs KIT (90%) ou PDGFRA (5%), deux récepteurs aux facteurs de croissance à activité tyrosine-kinase. Peu de données existent quant à l'expression éventuelles d'autres récepteurs aux facteurs de croissance dans les GISTs. Buts de l'étude: Les buts de cette étude étaient double: 1-évaluer l'expression de plusieurs récepteurs aux facteurs de croissance, à l'exclusion de KIT et PDGFRA, au sein d'un collectif de GISTs; 2 -voir s'il existait une corrélation entre l'expression d'un ou plusieurs de ces récepteurs, les données anatomo-pathologiques et/ou l'évolution clinique Matériel et méthodes 80 GISTs ont été examinées sur le plan clinique, anatomo-pathologique, immunohistochimique et évolutif. L'immunoexpression des récepteurs aux facteurs de croissance suivants a été examinée: IGF-1r - insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, FGFr fibroblast growth factor receptor, C-MET - hepatocyte growth factor receptor, TGFßr (type 1) - transforming growth factor beta receptor, type 1, CD105/endogline, RET et NGFr/gp75 (nerve growth factor receptor). Résultats 52.7% des GISTs exprimaient C-MET, 50% CD105iendogline, 36.7% RET, 25% NGFr/gp75, 17.5°Io TGFßr, 7.5% FGFr, et 0% IGF-lr. La présence ou non d'une expression de CD105 et son intensité étaient significativement associées à une évolution défavorable, tant pour les patients présentant une maladie localisée au diagnostic que pour ceux qui étaient métastatiques au diagnostic. L'expression de C-MET était aussi corrélée, mais de façon moins significative; à une évolution défavorable. En analyse multivariée, l'expression de CD105 est un facteur pronostique indépendant défavorable. Conclusion Les GISTs expriment de façon variable des récepteurs aux facteurs de croissance autres que KIT et PDGFRA. Les récepteurs au TGFß, au FGF et à l'IGF sont peu exprimés. L'endogline/CD105 et le récepteur C-MET sont plus fréquemment exprimés et leur expression est associée à une évolution clinique défavorable.

Stenbergia colchiciflora Waldst. & Kit. en el Valle del Ebro.

Especie nueva para la flora catalano-aragonesa, encontrada en la Serreta Negra de Fraga y en la Valcuerna de Candasnos. Esta planta de origen póntico mediterráneo, debe añadirse a la lista de especies esteparias del Mediterráneo Oriental que se refugian en el Vedat de Fraga (O. DE BOLOS, Mem. Real Acad, Barcelona 42, n.° 6. 1973)

Al-Bīrūnī's Kitāb Sānk and Kitāb Pātanğal:A Historical and Textual Study

The historical pole of this research distinguishes differing historical and cultural contexts in which the scholar al-Bïrûnî evolved. Between the years 973 and 1017, he lived in Khwarezm (Kät and JürjänTya), Ray, and Jürjän. He also dwelt in Kabul and Ghazna, both situated on a passage between Persia and India, and travelled to some parts of early medieval India between the years 1017 and 1030. Evidence pointing to him having made actual direct observations beyond the abode of Islam remains scanty. According to his writings, only five locales emerge as having been visited by him, all situated in today's Afghanistan and Pakistan. When al-BTrunl visited these places, he encountered the society of the Indian Shähis, who followed a form of Brahmanism. Al-Bïrûnï's knowledge of Sanskrit was the result of a long process that lasted at least 30 years (1000-1030). In order to reach the level of Sanskrit that enabled him to translate several works from Sanskrit into Arabic, he needed to work with literate people well-versed in Sanskrit, who may also have had some comprehension of Arabic, and/or Persian. The textual pole of this dissertation examines the question of the relationship between al- Bïrûnï's Arabic Kitab Sank and Kitäb Pätangal - two works related to Sämkhya-Yoga - and their possible Sanskrit sources. A philological survey based on these Arabic translations and on Sämkhya-Yoga Sanskrit literature highlights that al-Bïrûnï's translations, both, are related to the classical phase in the development of these two Indian philosophical systems. Despite the early spread of Yoga and Sämkhya ideas through Sanskrit literature, it seems that between the early 11th and 16th centuries they lost vitality amongst Indian scholars. Therefore, al-Bïrûnï's translation of works related to these specific Indian philosophies in the early 11th century CE deserves attention. The second pole of this study also demonstrates that al-BTrünl's hermeneutics played an important part in his transmission of these two Indian schools of thought, as he highly transformed his source in both form and substance. This dissertation considers the question of the relationship between al-Bïrûnï's Arabic translations and their possible Sanskrit sources from the viewpoint of Translation Studies; which makes it possible to point out potential candidates for being al-Bïrûnï's original Sanskrit sources with some confidence. Overall, the Kitäb Sank and the Kitäb Pätangal represent original works of Sämkhya and Yoga, as viewed and transmitted by a Perso-Muslim scholar, rather than pure translations of Sanskrit work.

KIT COLORIMÉTRICO PARA DETECÇÃO DE METANOL EM ETANOL COMBUSTÍVEL PARA O MONITORAMENTO DA QUALIDADE DE COMBUSTÍVEIS

A colorimetric kit for methanol detection in ethanol-containing fuels and ease of use in the field was developed and tested. The analysis can detect the presence of methanol in fuels when exceeding specification (0.5% v/v) in about 20 min and its simple instrumentation does not require a specialist. The kit method was successfully validated at gas stations located in São Paulo State and the Federal District.

Depressive symptoms and C-reactive protein in a Brazilian urban community

Psychological depression is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. C-reactive protein has been implicated as a mediator of the effect of psychological depression. Several studies have found that individuals, especially men, who report higher levels of psychological depression also have higher levels of C-reactive protein. The current study was undertaken to replicate these results in a Brazilian population, in which there is a much wider range of variation in both background characteristics (such as socioeconomic status) and coronary artery disease risk factors. A sample of 271 individuals was interviewed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Fasting blood samples were obtained and evaluated for C-reactive protein (assessed by a turbidimetric immunoassay using a Dade Behring kit) analysis in a subsample (N = 258) of individuals. The mean ± SD C-reactive protein for the entire sample was 0.43 ± 0.44, with 0.42 ± 0.48 for men and 0.43 ± 0.42 mg/L for women. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, socioeconomic status, tobacco use, and both total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Higher reported depressive symptoms were correlated with higher C-reactive protein for men (partial r = 0.298, P = 0.004) and with lower C-reactive protein for women (partial r = -0.154, P = 0.059). The differences in the associations for men and women could be a result of differential effects of sex hormones on stress reactivity and immune response. On the other hand, this difference in the associations may be related to gender differences in the disclosure of emotion and the effect that self-disclosure has on physical health and immune response.

Distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and subtype C identification

Few studies have reported the molecular epidemiological characterization of HIV-1 in the Northern region of Brazil. The present study reports the molecular and epidemiological characterization of 31 HIV-1 isolates from blood donors from the State of Amazonas who donated blood between April 2006 and March 2007. Serum/plasma samples from all donors were screened for HIV antibodies by ELISA and the results confirmed by Western blot analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buffy coat using the Super Quik-Gene-DNA Isolation kit. Nested PCR was performed on the env, gag, and pol regions of HIV-1 using the Gene Amp PCR System 9700. Sequencing reactions were performed using the inner PCR primers and the DYEnamic™ ET Dye Terminator Kit, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the gag, pol, and env gene sequences. We collected samples from 31 blood donors who tested positive for HIV-1 in confirmatory experiments. The male:female ratio of blood donors was 3.4:1, and the mean age was 32.4 years (range: 19 to 61 years). Phylogenetic analysis showed that subtype B is the most prevalent among Northern Brazilian HIV-1-seropositive blood donors. One HIV-1 subtype C and one circulating recombinant form (CRF_BF) of HIV-1 were identified in the State of Amazonas. This is the first study showing the occurrence of a possible "homogenous" subtype C in this region of Brazil. This finding could contribute to a better characterization of the HIV-1 strains that circulate in the country.

Optimization of the RNeasy Mini Kit to obtain high-quality total RNA from sessile cells of Staphylococcus aureus

Biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus is considered an important virulence trait in the pathogenesis of infections associated with implantable medical devices. Gene expression analyses are important strategies for determining the mechanisms involved in production and regulation of biofilm. Obtaining intact RNA preparations is the first and most critical step for these studies. In this article, we describe an optimized protocol for obtaining total RNA from sessile cells of S. aureus using the RNeasy Mini Kit. This method essentially consists of a few steps, as follows: 1) addition of acetone-ethanol to sessile cells, 2) lysis with lysostaphin at 37°C/10 min, 3) vigorous mixing, 4) three cycles of freezing and thawing, and 5) purification of the lysate in the RNeasy column. This simple pre-kit procedure yields high-quality total RNA from planktonic and sessile cells of S. aureus.

Eficiência de um kit de ELISA na detecção e quantificação de aflatoxina M1 em leite e investigação da ocorrência no estado de Minas Gerais

Procedimentos para validação intralaboratorial de kits de ELISA foram adotados na verificação da eficiência de um kit para detecção e quantificação de aflatoxina M1 em leite. Foram realizados ensaios com soluções padrões fornecidas pelo kit, amostras artificialmente contaminadas e amostras naturalmente contaminadas. Os valores médios de recuperação obtidos para os padrões do kit apresentaram-se entre 85,6 e 114,8%, com valores de coeficiente de variação entre 11,6 e 23,1%. Nos ensaios com amostras artificialmente contaminadas, foi definida uma faixa ótima de trabalho para análises quantitativas entre 0,019 e 0,090µg/L. A presença de aflatoxina M1 em 110 amostras de leite do estado de Minas Gerais foi investigada. Cinco das 27 amostras positivas na triagem por ELISA foram confirmadas por cromatografia em camada delgada.

Kit̄̄̄̄̄̄̄̄āb al-ṭabīkh

Arabic cookery book, dated tentatively to 12th or 13th century by the editors (Öhrnberg & Mroueh) on the basis of the script. Aro suggests (grounds not made explicit) that the manuscript came to the library from the collections of G. A. Wallin, but Öhrnberg & Mroueh simply describe it as being of unknown provenance.

Isolation and partial characterization of a complementary protein from the mycoparasite, Piptocephalis virginiana, which specifically binds to two glycoproteins b and c of the host cell surface

Presence of surface glycoprotein in Piptocephalis virginiana that recognizes the host glycoproteins band c, reported earlier from our laboratory, was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. Germinated spores of P. virginiana treated with Mortierella pusilla cell wall protein extract, primary antibodies prepared against glycoproteins band c and FITC-goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugate showed fluorescence. This indicated that on the surfaces of the biotrophic mycoparasite P. virginiana , there might be a complementary molecule which recognizes the glycoproteins band c from M. pusilla. Immunobinding analysis identified a glycoprotein of Mr 100 kDa from the mycoparasite which binds with the host glycoproteins band c, separately as well as collectively. Purification of this glycoprotein was achieved by (i) 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation, (ii) followed by heat treatment, and (iii) Sephadex G-IOO gel filtration. The glycoprotein was isolated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by cutting and elution. The purity of the protein ·was ascertained by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Positive reaction to periodic acid-Schiff reagent revealed the glycoprotein nature of this 100 kDa protein. Mannose was identified as a major sugar component of this glycoprotein by using a BoehringerMannheim Glycan Differentiation Kit. Electrophoretically purified glycoprotein was used to raIse polyclonal antibody in rabbit. The specificity of the antibody was determined by dot-immunobinding test and western-blot analysis. Immunofluorescence mIcroscopy revealed surface localization of the protein on the germ tube of Piptocephalis virginiana. Fluorescence was also observed at the surfaceJ of the germinated spores and hyphae of the host, M. pusilla after treatment with complementary protein from P. virginiana, primary antibody prepared against the complementary protein and FITC-goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugate.

An Efficient Multi-component Synthesis of 6-Amino-3-methyl-4-Aryl-2,4- dihydropyrano[2,3-c]Pyrazole-5-carbonitriles

Multi-component reactions are effective in building complex molecules in a single step in a minimum amount of time and with facile isolation procedures; they have high economy1–7 and thus have become a powerful synthetic strategy in recent years.8–10 The multicomponent protocols are even more attractive when carried out in aqueous medium. Water offers several benefits, including control over exothermicity, and the isolation of products can be carried out by single phase separation technique. Pyranopyrazoles are a biologically important class of heterocyclic compounds and in particular dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles play an essential role in promoting biological activity and represent an interesting template in medicinal chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the 4-H pyran unit have received much attention in recent years as they constitute important precursors for promising drugs.11–13 Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles exhibit analgesic,14 anti-cancer,15 anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory16 activity. Furthermore dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles show molluscidal activity17,18 and are used in a screening kit for Chk 1 kinase inhibitor activity.19,20 They also find applications as pharmaceutical ingredients and bio-degradable agrochemicals.21–29 Junek and Aigner30 first reported the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives from 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolin-5-one and tetracyanoethylene in the presence of triethylamine. Subsequently, a number of synthetic approaches such as the use of triethylamine,31 piperazine,32 piperidine,33 N-methylmorpholine in ethanol,34 microwave irradiation,35,36 solvent-free conditions,37–39 cyclodextrins (CDs),40 different bases in water,41 γ -alumina,42 and l-proline43 have been reported for the synthesis of 6-amino-4-alkyl/aryl-3-methyl- 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitriles. Recently, tetraethylammonium bromide (TEABr) has emerged as mild, water-tolerant, eco-friendly and inexpensive catalyst. To the best of our knowledge, quaternary ammonium salts, more specifically TEABr, have notbeen used as catalysts for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles, and we decided to investigate the application of TEABr as a catalyst for the synthesis of a series of pyrazole-fused pyran derivatives via multi-component reactions

Modelo de negocio C&C Distribuidores SAS, introducción de una nueva línea de negocio

C&C Distribuidores S.A.S con la implementación de esta nueva línea de negocio, tiene un futuro prometedor, en cuanto al funcionamiento y la estructuración financiera, esto se debe a que en el primer año la utilidad neta es de $87.440.027 y la rentabilidad bruta es del 12,93% anual. El proyecto alcanzara una TIR de 350,16% y un VPN de $ 216.408.893 millones de pesos. La inversión inicial requerida se recuperara en el primer año de operación. Para el segundo año de funcionamiento de la nueva estrategia, las ventas crecerán en un 13,49% y los costos de venta en un 11,33%. De igual forma para el tercer año las ventas aumentaran en un 10,92% y los costos de venta en un 8,95%, lo que significa que los objetivos planteados en cuento a proyección de ventas se cumplirán. El producto que representa el mayor número de unidades vendidas al año es el kit de manicure con 368.285 unidades, sin embargo el producto que mayor participación tiene en cuanto a la venta en pesos es la comercialización con $ 299.231.000 de pesos. La inversión inicial del proyecto es de $ 28.550.000 millones de pesos de los cuales $ 26.550.000 millones serán destinados a la compra de activos fijos y $ 2.000.000 millones al capital de trabajo. En el aspecto técnico el diagrama de procesos tiene en cuenta desde el momento en el que el cliente solicita el producto, hasta que se realiza una retroalimentación para verificar la calidad del servicio.

Alterações urinárias assintomáticas em portadores do anticorpo para virus da hepatite C

Vários estudos associam a infecção crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C a manifestação extra-hepáticas incluindo glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa. A prevalência de anormalidades urinárias associadas a esta infecção ainda é controversa. Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a prevalência de alterações urinárias assintomáticas em doadores de sangue com anti VHC positivo. No período de Julho de 1997 a Março de 1998 foram avaliados 58 doadores de sangue anti VHC + (41 homens e 17 mulheres; com idade média de 34 anos) e 128 doadores VHC -, considerado grupo controle (93 homens e 35 mulheres; com idade média de 31 anos). Todos foram questionados quanto à história prévia de doenças sistêmicas, do trato urinário, uso de drogas (incluindo AINE e uso de analgésico ), transfusão de sangue, fumo e uso de álcool. O anti VHC foi medido pela técnica de enzima imunoensaio, de segunda geração (Abbot Laboratories). As amostras de urina foram inicialmente rastreadas utilizando-se fitas Combur 10 (Boehringer). A microalbuminuria foi medida pela imunoturbidimetria (Bayer, kit 6813) e a NAG foi medida pela técnica de espectrofotometria ( SIGMA N 9376 ). Hematúria assintomática foi definida como > 5 hemácias no sedimento urinário, proteinúria com o aparecimento de 1+ na fita reagente; cilindrúria quando foi visualizado qualquer tipo de cilindro; microalbuminúria alterada quando foi >16 mg/l; relação microalbuminúria/creatininúria elevada quando >15mg/g e a NAG urinária elevada, quando os valores estavam > 5,6U/g de creatinina na urina. Na análise estatística utilizou-se um nível de significância de 95% (p=0,05). Verificou-se que a cor branca e o sexo masculino predominaram nos dois grupos, o grupo VHC + apresentou uma freqüência significativamente aumentada em relação ao uso de AINE (p= 0,003), álcool p< 0,001), transfusão (p= 0,006) e drogas (p< 0,001) quando comparado ao grupo VHC -. No grupo VHC + as enzimas hepáticas estavam significativamente mais elevadas (AST p=0,004, ALT p< 0,001), assim como as médias de GGT (p= 0,004). Concluímos que o grupo anti VHC + em estudo não apresenta anormalidades urinárias significativas comparativamente com o grupo controle. A prevalência de hematúria e proteinúria nos grupos VHC + e VHC – foi respectivamente 12,0% x 9,4% e 5,4% x 5,5%, sem diferença estatística entre os dois grupos. As médias da microalbuminúria nos dois grupos foram respectivamente (10,5 + 22,5 ; 8,7 +12,2 , p= 0,560) e a da NAG (3,2 + 1,8 ; 4,2 + 3,3 , p= 0,232). Constatamos uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença de hematúria e proteinúria (p= 0,011), proteinúria e cilindrúria ( p< 0,001), proteinúria e índice de elevado de microalbuminúria ( p<0,001), NAG e índice de microalbuminúria elevado (p= 0,02); hematúria e sexo feminino (p<0,001), níveis de GT elevados nos indivíduos com proteinúria (p=0,038) e uma associação entre NAG e tabagismo ( p=0,004).