Modeling of a reacting nanofilm on a composite substrate

This article provides a detailed computational analysis of the reaction of dense nanofilms and the heat transfer characteristics on a composite substrate. Although traditional energetic compounds based on organic materials have similar energy per unit weight, non-organic material in nanofilm configuration offers much higher energy density and higher flame speed. The reaction of a multilayer thin film of aluminum and copper oxide has been studied by varying the substrate material and thicknesses. The numerical analysis of the thermal transport of the reacting film deposited on the substrate combined a hybrid approach in which a traditional two-dimensional black box theory was used in conjunction with the sandwich model to estimate the appropriate heat flux on the substrate accounting for the heat loss to the surroundings. A procedure to estimate this heat flux using stoichiometric calculations is provided. This work highlights two important findings. One is that there is very little difference in the temperature profiles between a single substrate of silica and a composite substrate of silicon silica. Secondly, with increase in substrate thickness, the quenching effect is progressively diminished at a given speed. These findings show that the composite substrate is effective and that the average speed and quenching of flames depend on the thickness of the silica substrate, and can be controlled by a careful choice of the substrate configuration. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A convenient enantiospecific methodology for (-)-(1R,5S)-1,5-dimethylbicyclo[3.3.0]octa-2,7-dione: A formal total synthesis of (-)-ceratopicanol

An enantiospecific formal total synthesis of (-)-ceratopicanol starting from the readily and abundantly available monoterpene (R)-limonene is described. A combination of Claisen rearrangement-intramolecular diazo-ketone cyclopropanation-regiospecific reductive cyclopropane cleavage reactions are employed for the stereo- and regiospecific generation of the two vicinal ring junction quaternary carbon atoms.

Thermodynamics of TmRhO3, Phase Equilibria, and Chemical Potentials in the System Tm-Rh-O

Phase equilibria in the system Tm-Rh-O at 1200 K is established by isothermal equilibration of selected compositions and phase identification after quenching to room temperature. Six intermetallic phases (Tm3Rh, Tm7Rh3, Tm5Rh3, Tm3Rh2, TmRh, TmRh2 +/-delta) and a ternary oxide TmRhO3 are identified. Based on experimentally determined phase relations, a solid-state electrochemical cell is devised to measure the standard free energy of formation of orthorhombic perovskite TmRhO3 from cubic Tm2O3 and beta-Rh2O3 in the temperature range from (900 to 1300) K. The results can be summarized as: Delta G(f,ox)(o) +/- 104/J.mol(-1) = -46474 + 3.925(T/K). Invoking the Neumann-Kopp rule, the standard enthalpy of formation of TmRhO3 from its constituent elements at 298.15 K is estimated as -1193.89 (+/- 2.86) kJ.mol(-1). The standard entropy of TmRhO3 at 298.15 K is evaluated as 103.8 (+/- 1.6) J.mol(-1).K-1. The oxygen potential-composition diagram and three-dimensional chemical potential diagram at 1200 K and temperature-composition diagrams at constant partial pressures of oxygen are computed from thermodynamic data. The compound TmRhO3 decomposes at 1688 (+/- 2) K in pure oxygen and at 1583 (+/- 2) K in air at standard pressure.

Physically Based, Hydrologic Model Results Based on Three Precipitation Products

The main objective of the study is to examine the accuracy of and differences among simulated streamflows driven by rainfall estimates from a network of 22 rain gauges spread over a 2,170 km2 watershed, NEXRAD Stage III radar data, and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 satellite data. The Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA), a physically based, distributed parameter, grid-structured, hydrologic model, was used to simulate the June-2002 flooding event in the Upper Guadalupe River watershed in south central Texas. There were significant differences between the rainfall fields estimated by the three types of measurement technologies. These differences resulted in even larger differences in the simulated hydrologic response of the watershed. In general, simulations driven by radar rainfall yielded better results than those driven by satellite or rain-gauge estimates. This study also presents an overview of effects of land cover changes on runoff and stream discharge. The results demonstrate that, for major rainfall events similar to the 2002 event, the effect of urbanization on the watershed in the past two decades would not have made any significant effect on the hydrologic response. The effect of urbanization on the hydrologic response increases as the size of the rainfall event decreases.

Modelling and analysis of new coolstreaming for P2P IPTV

Peer to peer networks are being used extensively nowadays for file sharing, video on demand and live streaming. For IPTV, delay deadlines are more stringent compared to file sharing. Coolstreaming was the first P2P IPTV system. In this paper, we model New Coolstreaming (newer version of Coolstreaming) via a queueing network. We use two time scale decomposition of Markov chains to compute the stationary distribution of number of peers and the expected number of substreams in the overlay which are not being received at the required rate due to parent overloading. We also characterize the end-to-end delay encountered by a video packet received by a user and originated at the server. Three factors contribute towards the delay. The first factor is the mean shortest path length between any two overlay peers in terms of overlay hops of the partnership graph which is shown to be O (log n) where n is the number of peers in the overlay. The second factor is the mean number of routers between any two overlay neighbours which is seen to be at most O (log N-I) where N-I is the number of routers in the internet. Third factor is the mean delay at a router in the internet. We provide an approximation of this mean delay E W]. Thus, the mean end to end delay in New Coolstreaming is shown to be upper bounded by O (log E N]) (log N-I) E (W)] where E N] is the mean number of peers at a channel.

Evaluación del efecto de diferentes tipos y niveles de rastrojo (mantillo) y diferentes dosis de nitrógeno en el rendimiento del maiz (Zea mays L.) Var. NB-12

En el Centro Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Managua, cuyos suelos pertenecen al orden Andosol, serie Sabana Grande, Textura franco - arenoso se estableció en época de postrera de Septiembre - Diciembre de 1996, un experimento con el objetivo de determinar el efecto que tienen diferentes tipos de rastrojos (maíz + sorgo, cannavalia y maíz + sorgo + cannavalia) mas un testigo absoluto y tres niveles de fertilizantes nitrogenados (0,75 y 150 kg/ha) aplicados al cultivo de maíz, respecto a su crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento utilizando el diseño bifactorial en arreglos de parcelas divididas en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, teniendo cada tratamiento un tipo de rastrojos (Factor A) por un nivel de nitrógeno (Factor 8). Las variables estudiadas fueron: Proceso de descomposición del rastrojo, Relación C/N de los rastrojos, Aporte de nitrógeno por los rastrojos, lndice de Suficiencia de nitrógeno del cultivo, Relación del rendimiento con la suficiencia del nitrógeno, Variables del crecimiento y desarrollo y componentes del rendimiento. Los resultados obtenidos en el ensayo demostraron que el rastrojo con mayor velocidad de descomposición fue la cannavalia en interacción con el nivel de 150 kg/ha de nitrógeno seguido de la combinación de maíz + sorgo + cannavalia y por ultimo maíz + sorgo en interacción con el mismo nivel de nitrógeno presentando este mismo orden en el aporte de nitrógeno al cultivo. Por otra parte los rastrojos no ejercieron un efecto significativo sobre el crecimiento y el desarrollo del cultivo exceptuando altura de planta; pero si presentó una clara tendencia al aumento del rendimiento y sus componentes el rastrojo cannavalia en interacción con el nivel de 150 kg/ha de nitrógeno. En base a esto se sugiere que se le de seguimiento a este tipo de experimento en otras zonas ; utilizando el rastrojo cannavalia el cual presentó los mejores resultados

Anuario Argentino de Derecho Canónico, 1997, Vol. IV (número completo)

Contenido: Abreviaturas y citas – Artículos: Algunos aportes para la actualización del Directorio Ecclesiae imago, a la luz del Código de Derecho Canónico / A. W. Bunge – La libertad religiosa y su fundamento filosófico / A. D. Busso – Instrumentos públicos y privados en la audiencia episcopal de Córdoba del Tucumán (1688-1888) / N. C. Dellaferrera – Psiquiatría y nulidad de matrimonio / J. J. García Faílde – La justicia administrativa ante la Signatura Apostólica / Z. Grocholewski – El derecho eclesial en el Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica / C. I. Heredia – Notas – Jurisprudencia – Actualidad -- Recensiones

Anuario Argentino de Derecho Canónico, 1996, Vol. III (número completo)

Contenido: Abreviaturas y citas – Artículos: Las pericias y las pruebas de informes en la audiencia episcopal de Córdoba del Tucumán (1688-1888) / Nelson C. Dellaferrera – Uffici e funzioni pubbliche nella Chiesa / Péter Erdö – El servicio de la Santa Sede a las Iglesias particulares a través de la Congregación para los Obispos / Jorge M. Mejía – El examen psicológico de admisión al seminario y la protección de la intimidad (can. 220) / Marcelo Daniel Colombo – El divorcio en el derecho romano cristiano / Alfredo Di Pietro – El diácono permanente en el derecho eclesial latino vigente / Carlos I. Heredia – Notas – Jurisprudencia – Actualidad – Legislación particular argentina -- Recensiones

Possibility of lifetime measurement in a flowing medium with phase fluorometry

The possibility of lifetime measurement in a flowing medium with phase fluorometry is investigated theoretically. A 3-D time dependent partial differential equation of the number density of atoms (or molecules) in the upper level of the fluorescence transition is solved analytically, taking flow, diffusion, optical excitation, decay, Doppler shift, and thickness of the excitation light sheet into account. An analytical expression of the intensity of the fluorescence signal in the flowing medium is deduced. Conditions are given, in which the principle of lifetime measurement with phase fluorometry in the static sample cell can be used in a flowing medium.

What lies beneath: responding to forest development plans: a guide for First Nations

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Escola da doutrina christã, em que se ensina o que he obrigado a saber o christam : ordenada por modo de dialogo entre dous estudantes hum filozofo, por nome Marcelino, e outro theologo, por nome Diodoro : com exemplos accomodados às materias que se tratam : composta Pello Padre M. Joam da Fonseca, religiozo da Companhia de Jesu, dedicada á purissima Virgem, Glorioza Rainha dos Anjos, Maria Santissima Senhora Nossa da Victoria

João da Fonseca nasceu em Viana do Além-Tejo, em 1632, e morreu em Lisboa, em 1701. Foi professor de Filosofia na Universidade de Evora e missionário em várias vilas e cidades e mestre do noviciado de Coimbra. Distinguiu-se em seu tempo na Teologia Ascética, como se comprova nas obras que nos deixou, as quais são ainda apreciadas pela correção e propriedade da linguagem. Em ‘Escola da Doutrina Christã’, o autor ensina o verdadeiro caminho da vida, resumindo nesta leitura tudo o que em muitos volumes ensina a teologia especulativa e moral. Todas as matérias de que trata são confirmadas com muito se notáveis exemplos. Trata-se, aqui, da primeira edição, impressa em 1688. Tem-se noticia de uma segunda edição publicada pela Oficina da Universidade, em 1750.