956 resultados para Barnes, Barry: Scientific knowledge. A sosiological analysis
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The present research aimed to analyze the presence of national scientific production in undergraduate studies in Psychology of Rio Grande do Norte. Therefore, the bibliographical references contained in education plan of subjects linked to the common center of the courses, which were taught in 2011 in three Psychology courses of the state, were focused. The analysis of the material was based on bibliographical and contextual aspects of the production, such as year, nationality, type of material, authorship (including the link of authors to PPGs), structuring axis of the subject in which it was mentioned, among others. The results showed that the national production is predominant in all courses, and they are, mostly, originated from PPGs of Psychology. Among these, the publications resulted from programs in Southwest, with emphasis to PUC-SP, are recent (mostly from 2000s) and they are predominantly composed by books (organizations and full texts). Regarding the distribution of Psychology PPGs production by the structuring axes, it is observed that it surpasses the foreign production only in axis C (procedures of scientific investigation and professional practice) and axis F (professional practices). Accordingly, it is concluded that Psychology production is found in graduation, sharing space with foreign publications and from other areas of knowledge. On the one hand, this is positive, by taking into account the importance of several foreign works and from other fields to build the knowledge in Psychology; on the other hand, it shows that the production from this area is inserted in graduation in a less significant way than its growth, which points out the existence of gaps in the development of some investigative domains from national Psychology
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Os valores têm sido considerados importante conteúdo de ensino, sobretudo ao tratarmos de certas temáticas, como a ambiental. Procurando analisar o tratamento dado à dimensão valorativa da temática ambiental em três coleções de Ciências Naturais voltadas às séries finais do Ensino Fundamental verificamos a predominância da visão antropocêntrica, sendo a natureza valorizada em função de sua utilidade para o ser humano. O predomínio da valorização do conhecimento científico em detrimento de outras formas de conhecimento, da ação humana individual em detrimento da coletiva e a simples apresentação de leis ambientais foram outros aspectos problemáticos encontrados. Uma das coleções, entretanto, além de valorizar o trabalho coletivo dos alunos, também se destacou pela maior ênfase dada à dimensão estética, implicando uma visão de mundo menos utilitarista e um tratamento mais adequado do conteúdo valorativo da temática ambiental.
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A população de cães e gatos errantes é um problema grave de saúde pública e bem estar animal e a gonadectomia pré-puberal a partir de seis semanas de idade é a base para controle populacional efetivo. Os efeitos benéficos e maléficos são discutidos nesta revisão, auxiliando o médico veterinário a obter conhecimento e fundamentação científica para análise crítica do tema, propagação dessa prática e conscientização de proprietários.
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Os levantamentos epidemiológicos são importantes para o conhecimento da prevalência e tipologia das doenças bucais, podendo-se a partir dos dados coletados, planejar, executar e avaliar ações de saúde. É necessário, no entanto, que haja rigor metodológico que garanta reprodutibilidade, validade e confiabilidade, e que haja uniformidade de procedimentos para permitir comparações nacionais e internacionais. A iniciativa da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) na assessoria à realização de levantamentos tem se mostrado extremamente útil, estimulando o estabelecimento de padrões de procedimentos que podem ser utilizados em todos os países. em 1991 foi publicada a edição em português da terceira edição do Oral Health Surveys - basic methods, de 1987, um manual que objetiva fornecer instruções para a realização de levantamentos epidemiológicos e tal publicação passou a servir de base a estudos realizados em diversos locais do Brasil e do mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho, é analisar criticamente a metodologia para Levantamento Epidemiológico em Saúde Bucal da OMS, na tentativa de contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da mesma. de acordo com a presente análise, foram encontrados pontos relevantes para consideração, referentes à amostragem, à calibração dos examinadores e aos critérios para a avaliação de saúde bucal e necessidades de tratamento. Concluiu-se, em nível de recomendação, que, devido ao caráter dinâmico do conhecimento científico e, levando-se em consideração as diferenças regionais com relação ao padrão de desenvolvimento das doenças bucais, as propostas de padronização de levantamentos devem ser periodicamente revisadas. É provável, ainda, que outros pontos importantes não tenham sido detectados nesta análise, tornando-se premente ampliar esta discussão para toda a comunidade odontológica.
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Accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment plan may constitute very complex tasks, particularly in tooth avulsion, because several variables are involved. In addition to the technical knowledge and clinical experience directed toward the quality of treatment, patient education may favorably influence the survival of replanted teeth. The aim of this study was to analyze the procedures used in the management of tooth avulsion by 100 dental surgeons (DSs). Thus, by means of a descriptive questionnaire, information was obtained about the profile of the professionals interviewed, procedures used in cases of tooth avulsion, and patient orientation and education. One hundred properly filled questionnaires were obtained. Descriptive statistics was used for the data, and the chi-squared statistics was employed (EPI-INFO 3.2 software). According to the results, this type of trauma is part of the routine of 15 DSs, although 71 have reported some experience with avulsed,teeth. Great deficiencies were found regarding root surface treatment and occlusal adjustment. Positive findings were related to socket treatment, adjunctive therapy, and patient education and orientation (extra-alveolar period, storage medium, manipulation of the avulsed tooth, replantation by the own patient). It was possible to conclude that 47.5% of the procedures reported by, 100 professionals interviewed are adequate, and patient education is favorable in 87.7% of cases, a fact that can positively interfere with the prognosis of tooth replantation.
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Objective: To evaluate the use of drugs to relieve the pain of invasive procedures newborn infants cared for at a university hospital NICU. Methods: A prospective cohort study of all newborn infants hospitalized in four NICU during October 2001. The following data were collected: demographic data of the hospitalized newborn infants; clinical morbidity; number of potentially painful procedures and frequency of analgesic administration. Factors associated with the use of analgesia in this cohort of patients were studied by multiple linear regression using SPSS 8.0. Results: Ninety-one newborn infants were admitted to the NICU during the study period (1,025 patient-days). Only 25% of the 1,025 patient-days received systemic analgesia. No specific drugs were administered to relieve acute pain during any of the following painful events: arterial punctures, venous, capillary and lumbar punctures or intubations. For chest tube insertion, 100% of newborn infants received specific analgesia. For the insertion of central catheters 8% of the newborn infants received painkillers. Only nine of the 17 newborn infants that underwent surgical procedures received any analgesic dosage during the postoperative period. For 93% of patients under analgesia the drug of choice was fentanyl. The presence of mechanical ventilation increased the chance of newborn infants receiving painkillers by 6.9 times and the presence of chest tube increased this chance by five times. Conclusion: It is necessary to train health professionals in order to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge regarding newborn infant pain and clinical practice. Copyright © 2005 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.
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Background: Metabolic and morphological changes associated with excessive abdominal fat, after the introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA). Accurate methods for body composition analysis are expensive and the use of anthropometric indices is an alternative. However the investigations about this subject in PLWHA are rare, making this research very important for clinical purpose and to advance scientific knowledge. The aim of this study is to correlate results of anthropometric indices of evaluation of body fat distribution with the results obtained by Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry(DEXA) , in people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods. The sample was of 67 PLWHA(39 male and 28 female), aged 43.6+7.9 years. Body mass index, conicity index, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio and waist/thigh were calculated. Separated by sex, each index/ratio was plotted in a scatter chart with linear regression fit and their respective Pearson correlation coefficients. Analyses were performed using Prism statistical program and significance was set at 5%. Results: The waist/height ratio presented the highest correlation coefficient, for both male (r=0.80, p<0.001) and female (r=0.87, p <001), while the lowest were in the waist/thigh also for both: male group (r=0.58, p<0.001) and female group (r=0.03, p=0.86). The other indices also showed significant positive correlation with DEXA. Conclusion: Anthropometric indices, especially waist/height ratio may be a good alternative way to be used for evaluating the distribution of fat in the abdominal region of adults living with HIV/ADIS. © 2012 Segatto et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC
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Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR
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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)