Thornton Composite Reservoir : feasibility study of options A, B, and C : part 3 /

"May, 1987."

Report on creep characteristics at 18000F. Calite A, Calite B (L.C.) Calite B, Calite B-28 ... Department of engineering research, University of Michigan ... for the Calorizing company, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Jointly with J.H. Taylor.

Hepatitis B and C prevalence in Portugal: disparity between the general population and high-risk groups

Background and aims: The prevalence of anti-HCV and HBsAg in Portugal has been shown to be elevated in high-risk groups, such as intravenous drug-users and incarcerated individuals. However, in the general population, prevalence remains largely unknown. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of anti-HCV and HBsAg in the general Portuguese population and identify associated risk factors. Materials and methods: We carried out a nationwide, population-based cross-sectional study of adults resident in mainland Portugal. Serology for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV was performed. Anti-HCV-positive individuals were tested for HCV RNA by PCR. Results: Of 1685 participants, 50.6% were men, mean age 50.2±18.3 years. In terms of hepatitis C, the prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.54% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2–0.9] and 0.12% (95% CI: 0.0–0.3) were viremic, with peak prevalence among individuals 35–64 years of age (0.8%), men (0.8%), and individuals from Lisbon and Tagus Valley region (1.9%). In terms of hepatitis B, the estimated prevalence of HBsAg was 1.45% (95% CI: 0.9–2.0). A higher prevalence was found in individuals who were 35–64 years old (2.2%), in men (2.5%), and in the Northern region (2.6%). The presence of positive serological markers of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infection did not correlate with elevated aminotransferases, race, place of birth, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: These results suggest a low endemicity for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the general population, in contrast to a very high prevalence in risk groups, thus suggesting that targeted screening to high-risk groups may be more cost-effective than general population screening.

Neutralization activity in a geographically diverse East London cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: clade C infection results in a stronger and broader humoral immune response than clade B infection.

The array of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtypes encountered in East London, an area long associated with migration, is unusually heterogeneous, reflecting the diverse geographical origins of the population. In this study it was shown that viral subtypes or clades infecting a sample of HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-positive individuals in East London reflect the global pandemic. The authors studied the humoral response in 210 treatment-naïve chronically HIV-1-infected (>1 year) adult subjects against a panel of 12 viruses from six different clades. Plasmas from individuals infected with clade C, but also plasmas from clade A, and to a lesser degree clade CRF02_AG and CRF01_AE, were significantly more potent at neutralizing the tested viruses compared with plasmas from individuals infected with clade B. The difference in humoral robustness between clade C- and B-infected patients was confirmed in titration studies with an extended panel of clade B and C viruses. These results support the approach to develop an HIV-1 vaccine that includes clade C or A envelope protein (Env) immunogens for the induction of a potent neutralizing humoral response.

Total synthesis of (+/-) maculalactone A, maculalactone B and maculalactone C and the determination of the absolute configuration of natural (+) maculalactone A by asymmetric synthesis

Maculalactones A, B and C from the marine cyanobacterium Kyrtuthrix maculans are amongst the only compounds based on the tribenzylbutyrolactone skeleton known in nature and (+) maculalactone A from the natural source possesses significant biological activity against various marine herbivores and marine settlers. We now report a concise synthesis of racemic maculalactone A in five steps from inexpensive starting materials. Maculalactones B and C were synthesized by a minor modification to this procedure, and the synthetic design also permitted an asymmetric synthesis of maculalactone A to be achieved in around 85% ee. The (+) and (-) enantiomers of maculalactone A were assigned, respectively, to the S and R configurations on the basis of the chiral selectivity expected for catecholborane reduction of an unsymmetrical ketone in the presence of Corey's oxazoborolidine catalyst. Surprisingly, it appeared that natural (+) maculalactone A was biosynthesized in K. maculans in a partially racemic form, comprising ca. 90-95% of the (S) enantiomer and 5-10% of its (R) enantiomer. Coincidentally therefore, the percentage enantiomeric excess of the product obtained from asymmetric synthesis almost exactly matched that found in nature. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement of the Lifetime of the B-c(+/-) Meson in the Semileptonic Decay Channel

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Measurement of gamma + b + X and gamma + c + X Production Cross Sections in pp > Collisions at s=1.96 TeV

First measurements of the differential cross sections d(3)sigma/(dp(T)(gamma)dy(gamma)dy(jet)) for the inclusive production of a photon in association with a heavy quark (b, c) jet are presented, covering photon transverse momenta 30 < p(T)(gamma)< 150 GeV, photon rapidities |y(gamma)|< 1.0, jet rapidities |y(jet)|< 0.8, and jet transverse momenta p(T)(jet)> 15 GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 1 fb(-1) in pp collisions at s=1.96 TeV recorded with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions.

Soroepidemiologia da infecção pelo Vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e pelo Vírus da hepatite C (VHC) em cirurgiões-dentistas da cidade de Belém, Pará

As hepatites virais representam um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. A hepatite B e a hepatite C são as de principal interesse para os profissionais da área de saúde em função do modo de transmissão e da possibilidade de aquisição ocupacional. O presente trabalho teve por principal objetivo verificar a soroprevalência da infecção pelo Vírus da Hepatite B (VHB) e pelo Vírus da Hepatite C (VHC) em cirurgiões-dentistas e relacioná-la com os fatores de risco. Participaram do estudo 97 cirurgiões-dentistas, sendo 39 do gênero masculino e 58 do gênero feminino, no período de junho a dezembro de 2005, que atuam no município de Belém, Pará, Brasil. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos por meio de inquéritos e os sorológicos por um ensaio imunoenzimático para a pesquisa de antígeno e anticorpo tanto para o VHB quanto para o VHC. O teste de Tendência foi utilizado para a análise estatística dos resultados. A prevalência do VHB foi de 6,2%, enquanto do VHC foi de 3,1% entre a população estudada. Das amostras sororreativas para os marcadores da hepatite B, a prevalência foi de 1,03% (1/97) para o anti-HBc total, 5,16% (5/97) para a presença simultânea do anti-HBc total e anti-HBs e 54,61% (53/97) para o anti-HBs. Quando comparado ao encontrado na população de doadores de sangue no Estado do Pará a prevalência do VHC na população estudada foi significativamente maior, enquanto a do VHB foi semelhante. Além disso, 37,7% (36/97) relataram terem tido algum tipo de exposição ocupacional, estando o acidente com objetos pérfuro-cortante como o mais relatado (86,1%). A medida adotada após a exposição foi sempre a lavagem com água e sabão e apenas 2,8% (1/36) dos acidentados relataram à realização de testes sorológicos. O conhecimento das normas de biossegurança e a utilização de pelo menos uma barreira de proteção individual foram relatados por todos, sendo o uso de luvas e máscara a resposta mais mencionada (96,9%). Encontravam-se imunizados contra o VHB por meio de vacina 54,61% (53/97) dos cirurgiões-dentistas, enquanto que imunes por infecção natural 5,16% (5/97). O elevado percentual de ocorrência de acidentes ocupacionais, aliado a baixa soroconversão pós-exposição dentre os cirurgiões-dentistas participantes demonstra a necessidade de se conhecer a prevalência de infecções de risco ocupacional em profissionais da área de saúde para que se adotem medidas de prevenção e controle mais eficazes contra os agentes causadores.

Soroprevalência de infecções por vírus da hepatite B e vírus da hepatite C em indivíduos do Estado do Pará

As hepatites B e C continuam sendo um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Neste estudo, determinou-se a prevalência de marcadores sorológicos para as hepatites B e C em indivíduos do Estado do Pará, atendidos no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Pará, no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005. Foram realizados 11.282 exames para a pesquisa do HBsAg, 2.342 para o anti-HBc e 5.542 para o anti-vírus da hepatite C. A prevalência de HBsAg foi de 3,6% e predominou na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, enquanto que o anti-HBc foi observado em 37,7% dos indivíduos. A prevalência do antivírus da hepatite C foi de 3,6% e predominou entre indivíduos acima de 50 anos. Assim, as freqüências dos marcadores encontradas no Pará foram mais altas que em vários outros estados do país, sugerindo a necessidade de medidas de saúde publica mais eficazes no combate a estes agravos na região.

Surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C and their precursors in bronchoalveolar lavages from children with acute and chronic inflammatory airway disease

BACKGROUND: The surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and C (SP-C) are important for the stability and function of the alveolar surfactant film. Their involvement and down-regulation in inflammatory processes has recently been proposed, but their level during neutrophilic human airway diseases are not yet known. METHODS: We used 1D-electrophoresis and Western blotting to determine the concentrations and molecular forms of SP-B and SP-C in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of children with different inflammatory airway diseases. 21 children with cystic fibrosis, 15 with chronic bronchitis and 14 with pneumonia were included and compared to 14 healthy control children. RESULTS: SP-B was detected in BAL of all 64 patients, whereas SP-C was found in BAL of all but 3 children; those three BAL fluids had more than 80% neutrophils, and in two patients, who were re-lavaged later, SP-C was then present and the neutrophil count was lower. SP-B was mainly present as a dimer, SP-C as a monomer. For both qualitative and quantitative measures of SP-C and SP-B, no significant differences were observed between the four evaluated patient groups. CONCLUSION: Concentration or molecular form of SP-B and SP-C is not altered in BAL of children with different acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. We conclude that there is no down-regulation of SP-B and SP-C at the protein level in inflammatory processes of neutrophilic airway disease.

Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death by inhibitor of apoptosis c-IAP2 is under NF-κB control

Members of the NF-κB/Rel and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein families have been implicated in signal transduction programs that prevent cell death elicited by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF). Although NF-κB appears to stimulate the expression of specific protective genes, neither the identities of these genes nor the precise role of IAP proteins in this anti-apoptotic process are known. We demonstrate here that NF-κB is required for TNF-mediated induction of the gene encoding human c-IAP2. When overexpressed in mammalian cells, c-IAP2 activates NF-κB and suppresses TNF cytotoxicity. Both of these c-IAP2 activities are blocked in vivo by coexpressing a dominant form of IκB that is resistant to TNF-induced degradation. In contrast to wild-type c-IAP2, a mutant lacking the C-terminal RING domain inhibits NF-κB induction by TNF and enhances TNF killing. These findings suggest that c-IAP2 is critically involved in TNF signaling and exerts positive feedback control on NF-κB via an IκB targeting mechanism. Functional coupling of NF-κB and c-IAP2 during the TNF response may provide a signal amplification loop that promotes cell survival rather than death.

A genome-wide asociation study identifies new psoriasis susceptibility loci and an interaction betwEn HLA-C and ERAP1

To identify new susceptibility loci for psoriasis, we undertOk a genome-wide asociation study of 594,224 SNPs in 2,622 individuals with psoriasis and 5,667 controls. We identified asociations at eight previously unreported genomic loci. Seven loci harbored genes with recognized iMune functions (IL28RA, REL, IFIH1, ERAP1, TRAF3IP2, NFKBIA and TYK2). These asociations were replicated in 9,079 European samples (six loci with a combined P <; 5-10 -8 and two loci with a combined P &lt; 5-10-7). We also report compeLing evidence for an interaction betwEn the HLA-C and ERAP1 loci (combined P = 6.95-10-6). ERAP1 plays an important role in MHC claS I peptide proceSing. ERAP1 variants only influenced psoriasis susceptibility in individuals carrying the HLA-C risk aLele. Our findings implicate pathways that integrate epidermal barrier dysfunction with iNate and adaptive iMune dysregulation in psoriasis pathogenesis.