Indicadores populacionais de machos e fêmeas do psilídeo-de-concha, Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), em condições de criação em laboratório: longevidade e curvas de sobrevivência.

2010

Elaboração de instrumento de avaliação do Pronaf para agricultores com baixa escolaridade.

2008

Qualidade ambiental em sistema intensivo de produção de bovinos de leite, na microbacia do Ribeirão Canchim

Sistemas intensivos de produção animal podem causar impactos ambientais negativos, como degradação da base de recursos (naturais, humanos e financeiros) , contaminação por produtos químicos e acúmulo de dejetos, bem como competição por alimentos humanos, e reduzir a lucratividade por unidade produzida. Há a necessidade de avaliação desses impactos. O objetivo deste projeto foi: a) avaliar os impactos de um sistema intensivo de produção de bovinos de leite, em pastagem tropical, na qualidade ambiental da microbacia hidrográfica (MBH) do ribeirão Canchim; b) avaliar características físicas, químicas e biológicas da base de recursos e do manejo determinantes da qualidade ambiental, bem como selecionar possíveis indicadores de sustentabilidade ecológica para sistemas intensivos de produção de bovinos de leite. Em pastagens intensamente manejadas pode haver acúmulo de matéria orgânica e fósforo na camada superficial, à semelhança de áreas de plantio direto na palha, permitindo troca de informações entre técnicos que atuam nesses sistemas de produção. Verificou-se a necessidade de desenvolver uma técnica de rotina melhorada para quantificação de material orgânico, ocorrente na superfície e dentro do solo (raízes, biomassa microbiana), a fim de melhor avaliar a disponibilidade potencial de nutrientes para as plantas, além daquela determinada nas análises de rotina atual. A acidificação do solo ocorre com aplicação intensa de adubos nitrogenados e aplicação insuficiente de calcário, sendo que a intensificação no uso de corretivos de pH e adubos nitrogenados e/ou adubos verdes pode gerar alterações eletroquímicas nas camadas inferiores ( 100 a 250 cm) .Estas camadas podem reter nitrato lixiviado, em solos profundos. A lixiviação de nitrato, em áreas de pastagem, pode ser preocupante quando utilizadas doses de N acima de 100 kg/ha por aplicação (quatro a cinco no período das águas), em especial na forma de nitrato (nitrato de amônio). O uso mais intenso de corretivos e fertilizantes, nas condições de estudo, não elevou a condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação a níveis preocupantes. A lixiviação de cátions, em sistemas intensivos, ocorre quando as cargas pH- dependentes estão ou são desativadas, tanto para K como para Ca e Mg, e quando são manejados adubos verdes ou adubos nitrogenados sintéticos, tanto em áreas de pastagem como de plantio direto. A taxa de decomposição de material orgânico no solo é mais intensa no período das águas em solo menos protegido da insolação, variando de 12% a 49% por mês. Não foi detectada alteração na taxa de decomposição por microartrópodes, o que sugere que a quantidade de resíduos de acaricidas nos excrementos é baixa ou inexistente e assim contraria a hipótese inicial de presença desses pesticidas nas fezes. No monitoramento do sistema de produção, os dados levantados permitiram verificar grande variabilidade espacial do ambiente na MBH, que se constitui em laboratório real complexo e completo para representar grande extensão do ambiente na região Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, onde ocorre o manejo de pastagens e áreas agrícolas de forma intensiva e de onde poderão surgir respostas de manejo e impacto ambienta! bastante significativos para a economia da região. Verificou-se que a variabilidade temporal de características do solo é muito sensível a mudanças nas práticas de manejo. A medida da condutividade hidráulica é muito sensível, mas parece sofrer influência de variações grandes na umidade do solo e na umidade relativa e na temperatura do ar, podendo dificultar comparações temporais. Verificou-se que o teor de iodo no leite tem sua fonte na ração concentrada ou no sal enriquecido com minerais, podendo o leite de sistemas intensivos constituir fonte complementar de iodo para a dieta humana deficiente, além de indicador para a qualidade de manejo do sistema de produção. O monitoramento das caracterfsticas físicas, qufmicas e microbiológicas da água permite diferenciar bem os corpos de água segundo o manejo em sua área de captação. Foram detectados "vazamentos" de nitrato e fósforo para os corpos de água, mesmo em áreas consideradas protegidas, e, embora estejam ocorrendo em baixo nfvel, necessitam de maiores estudos para seu estancamento. Verificou-se a necessidade de ajustes metodológicos e de legislação que contemplem não somente a saúde pública, mas também o impacto ecológico. As caracterfsticas atmosféricas mantiveram-se dentro da média dos últimos anos, embora tenha sido observada pior distribuição das chuvas, agravando os perfodos de déficit hfdrico ao longo do ano. Os possíveis indicadores de qualidade do solo, em sua maior parte, exigem ajustes e maiores estudos, embora já possam constituir ferramentas de grande valia. Foi verificado que o monitoramento de nitrato precisa ocorrer também em profundidade (mfnimo até 160 cm), sendo aconselhável a determinação do pH em água junto com a do Ca,CI2, também em profundidade. Para monitorar a qualidade da água, é aconselhável a determinação de, pelo menos, de fósforo total, nitrato e coliformes fecais.

Badania wykorzystania przez polskie biblioteki naukowe środków europejskich, grantów ministerialnych i samorządowych oraz dotacji sponsorów w latach 2000-2008

Badania dotyczące pozyskiwania środków pomocowych przez polskie biblioteki naukowe przeprowadzone zostały w ramach wewnętrznych projektów badawczych Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu. Realizacji projektu podjął się Oddział Prac Naukowych, Wydawniczych i Dydaktycznych BU. Zadanie wykonano od września 2008 do czerwca 2009 roku. Zamierzeniem autorek artykułu było uzyskanie pełnej informacji na temat środków pozabudżetowych pozyskiwanych przez polskie biblioteki naukowe oraz określenie stopnia ich wykorzystania. Zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem techniki ankiety. Przygotowany kwestionariusz ankiety wraz z informacją dla respondentów o celu prowadzonych badań skierowano do wszystkich bibliotek uniwersyteckich, bibliotek głównych uczelni technicznych, medycznych, ekonomicznych, bibliotek akademii wychowania fizycznego, uczelni pedagogicznych i rolniczych oraz do bibliotek publicznych posiadających status bibliotek naukowych. Łącznie wysłano 70 ankiet, odpowiedzi udzieliło 38 respondentów. Wskazany w artykule okres 2000-2008 był czasem zwiększonych możliwości uzyskiwania dodatkowych funduszy przez biblioteki. Najczęściej otrzymywane fundusze to dotacje ministerialne, dalej środki sponsorów na działalność podstawową. W poważnym stopniu wspierały biblioteki, głównie biblioteki publiczne, lokalne samorządy. Zauważalne były dotacje wspierające biblioteki przekazywane przez fundacje i środki ofiarowane przez sponsorów na działalność organizacyjną; ewenementem natomiast – subwencje unijne.

DOŚWIADCZENIE PRZESTRZENI W PAMIĘCI O HOLOCAUŚCIE

This paper analyzes different experiences of space by which memory of Holocaust could be passed on. The Memorial for the murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin gives visitors the feeling of insecurity and overwhelms them with monumentality. For that reason it is criticized as reflecting the other side of German memory: The Third Reich’s megalomania and dream about power. The Hamburger memorial against fascism designed in 1986 by conceptual artists Jochen and Esther Gerz offers quite an opposite experience of space. A twelve-meter-high pillar has been established for visitors to sign on it. Once the area was covered by signature it was lowered into the ground till it completely disappeared. The intention of the artists was to put memory not into the monument but into people. Pozdrowienia z Alej Jerozolimskich (Greetings from the Jerusalem Avenue, 2002) by Joanna Rajkowska – a fifteen-meter tall artificial palm tree installed in the centre of Warsaw – is an attempt to infuse with Israel's scenery a Warsaw's street whose name and history sends the observer to the history of the Jews in Poland. In another work called Dotleniacz (Oxygenator, 2007) Rajkowska created an artificial lake with oxygen concentrators, gold fish, flowers and banks. Again, the installation was placed in a very meaningful place – Grzybowski Square – which is strongly connected with Jewish life in Poland as well as Polish anti-Semitism. The synagogue in Poznan was transformed during the Nazi occupation into a swimming pool which it has remained until the present day. This fact ( just like the building) seems to be invisible for most citizens. In 2003 Rafał Jakubowicz changed the fact by projecting a Hebrew inscription הייחש-תכירב (swimming pool) on the façade of the former synagogue. In Berek (The Game of Tag, 1999) by Artur Żmijewski a group of naked men and women of various age play tag. The artist filmed them in two rooms: in a symbolically neutral space and in a gas chamber of a former Nazi death camp. The film is an attempt at breaking the spell of this horrifying and paralysing space.

Ethical Dimension of Time in Plato’s Apology of Socrates

The aim of the present article is to analyse the Apology in its aspect of time. When defending himself against the charges, Socrates appeals to the past, the present and the future. Furthermore, the philosopher stresses the meaning of the duration of time. Thus, the seems to suggest that all really important activities demand a long time to benefit, since they are almost invariably connected with greater efforts. While the dialogue proves thereby to be an ethical one, the various time expressions also gain an ethical dimension.

Udział miRNA w regulacji alternatywnego splicingu u roślin

Wydział Biologii

Ewolucja zagrożenia dżihadystycznego w Europie

W niniejszej publikacji skupiono się na przedstawieniu źródeł i najważniejszych przejawów radykalizmu islamskiego w Europie. Zwrócono w szczególności uwagę na historyczne i ideologiczne determinanty rozwoju tego zjawiska. Wskazano najważniejsze etapy ewolucji zagrożenia dżihadystycznego oraz aktorów mających wpływ na jego ewolucję. Uwzględniając powyższe przesłanki w artykule zawarto ponadto najważniejsze wnioski dotyczące wzrastającego poziomu powyższego zagrożenia dla wybranych państw europejskich, w okresie ostatnich kilkunastu lat wraz ze wskazaniem zmiennych wpływających na ów poziom w postaci: procesu radykalizacji społeczności muzułmańskich w Europie, zmian w taktyce i organizacji grup dżihadystycznych, sukcesu akcji rekrutacyjnych i antyterrorystycznej aktywności państw Zachodu.

Funkcje postępowań antydumpingowych prawa Unii Europejskiej

Wydział Prawa i Administracji

Local temperature in quantum thermal states

We consider blocks of quantum spins in a chain at thermal equilibrium, focusing on their properties from a thermodynamical perspective. In a classical system the temperature behaves as an intensive magnitude, above a certain block size, regardless of the actual value of the temperature itself. However, a deviation from this behavior is expected in quantum systems. In particular, we see that under some conditions the description of the blocks as thermal states with the same global temperature as the whole chain fails. We analyze this issue by employing the quantum fidelity as a figure of merit, singling out in detail the departure from the classical behavior. As it may be expected, we see that quantum features are more prominent at low temperatures and are affected by the presence of zero-temperature quantum phase transitions. Interestingly, we show that the blocks can be considered indeed as thermal states with a high fidelity, provided an effective local temperature is properly identified. Such a result may originate from typical properties of reduced subsystems of energy-constrained Hilbert spaces. Finally, the relation between local and global temperatures is analyzed as a function of the size of the blocks and the system parameters.

Intensive temperature and quantum correlations for refined quantum measurements

We consider the concept of temperature in a setting beyond the standard thermodynamics prescriptions. Namely, rather than restricting to standard coarse-grained measurements, we consider observers able to master any possible quantum measurement -a scenario that might be relevant at nanoscopic scales. In this setting, we focus on quantum systems of coupled harmonic oscillators and study the question of whether the temperature is an intensive quantity, in the sense that a block of a thermal state can be approximated by an effective thermal state at the same temperature as the whole system. Using the quantum fidelity as figure of merit, we identify instances in which this approximation is not valid, as the block state and the reference thermal state are distinguishable for refined measurements. Actually, there are situations in which this distinguishability even increases with the block size. However, we also show that the two states do become less distinguishable with the block size for coarse-grained measurements -thus recovering the standard picture. We then go further and construct an effective thermal state which provides a good approximation of the block state for any observables and sizes. Finally, we point out the role that entanglement plays in this scenario by showing that, in general, the thermodynamic paradigm of local intensive temperature applies whenever entanglement is not present in the system. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2012

Distillable entanglement and area laws in spin and harmonic-oscillator systems

We address the presence of nondistillable (bound) entanglement in natural many-body systems. In particular, we consider standard harmonic and spin-1/2 chains, at thermal equilibrium and characterized by few interaction parameters. The existence of bound entanglement is addressed by calculating explicitly the negativity of entanglement for different partitions. This allows us to individuate a range of temperatures for which no entanglement can be distilled by means of local operations, despite the system being globally entangled. We discuss how the appearance of bound entanglement can be linked to entanglement-area laws, typical of these systems. Various types of interactions are explored, showing that the presence of bound entanglement is an intrinsic feature of these systems. In the harmonic case, we analytically prove that thermal bound entanglement persists for systems composed by an arbitrary number of particles. Our results strongly suggest the existence of bound entangled states in the macroscopic limit also for spin-1/2 systems.

Thermal bound entanglement in macroscopic systems and area law

Does bound entanglement naturally appear in quantum many-body systems? We address this question by showing the existence of bound-entangled thermal states for harmonic oscillator systems consisting of an arbitrary number of particles. By explicit calculations of the negativity for different partitions, we find a range of temperatures for which no entanglement can be distilled by means of local operations, despite the system being globally entangled. We offer an interpretation of this result in terms of entanglement-area laws, typical of these systems. Finally, we discuss generalizations of this result to other systems, including spin chains.

Area laws and entanglement distillability of thermal states

We study the entanglement distillability properties of thermal states of many-body systems Following the ideas presented in [6, A Ferraro et al., Phys. Rev Lett 100, 080502 (2008)], we first discuss the appearance of bound entanglement in those systems satisfying an entanglement area law Then, we extend these results to other topologies, not necessarily satisfying an entanglement area law We also study whether bound entanglement survives in the macroscopic limit of an infinite number of particles.

Monogamy and ground-state entanglement in highly connected systems

We consider the ground-state entanglement in highly connected many-body systems consisting of harmonic oscillators and spin-1/2 systems. Varying their degree of connectivity, we investigate the interplay between the enhancement of entanglement, due to connections, and its frustration, due to monogamy constraints. Remarkably, we see that in many situations the degree of entanglement in a highly connected system is essentially of the same order as in a low connected one. We also identify instances in which the entanglement decreases as the degree of connectivity increases.