Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia. 7 (S0LO LIBROS/Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los siguientes libros: MANUEL LUCENA SALMORAL, SANGRE SOBRE PIEL NEGRA. LA ESCLAVITUD NEGRA EN EL CONTEXTO DEL REFORMISMO BORBÓNICO, COLECCIÓN MUNDO AFRO 1, CENTRO CULTURAL AFROECUATORIANO ABYA YALA, QUITO, 1994, 245 PP. -- MARTIN MINCHOM, THE PEOPLE OF QUITO, 1690-1810: CHANGE AND UNREST IN THE UNDERCLASS, DELLPLAIN LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES, No. 32, WESTVIEW PRESS, BOULDER-COLORADO, 1994, 297 PP. -- LUCINIANO LUIS LUIS, OCD, LA MISIÓN CARMELITA EN SUCUMBÍOS, ABYA YALA-ISAMIS MISIÓN CARMELITA, QUITO, 1994, 588 PP., MAPAS Y FOTOGRAFÍAS. -- AIJ'JUANK, PUEBLO DE FUERTES. RASGOS DE HISTORIA SHUAR, VOL. 2. LA EDAD MODERNA (1601-1800). ABYA YALA, QUITO, 1994, 317 PP. -- ALBERTO ACOSTA, LA DEUDA ETERNA. UNA HISTORIA DE LA DEUDA EXTERNA ECUATORIANA, COLECCIÓN ENSAYO, LIBRESA, QUITO, 1994, 4A ED. -- LUCÍA CHIRIBOGA Y SILVANA CAPARRINI, IDENTIDADES DESNUDAS. ECUADOR 1860-1920. LA TEMPRANA FOTOGRAFÍA DEL INDIO EN LOS ANDES. ABYA YALA-ILDIS-TALLER VISUAL, QUITO, 1994.

Los estudios latinoamericanos en el siglo XXI (Tema Central)

El autor, a partir de un rápido recorrido por lo que han sido los estudios latinoamericanos en el siglo XX, hace algunas aproximaciones a lo que serán los cambios y desafíos que tendrán aquellos en el siglo XXI. Para Whitehead, la necesidad de estudiar y entender las realidades específicas de América Latina, y de transmitir estos conocimientos locales para enriquecer el conocimiento universal, no va a desaparecer en el presente siglo.

Interdisciplinariedad y estudios latinoamericanos (Tema Central)

Dos preguntas centrales orientan el desarrollo de este artículo: ¿qué significa estudiar América Latina en la actualidad? y ¿cuán fructífera ha sido la interdisciplinariedad en los estudios latinoamericanos? Para el autor, la primera pregunta apunta a encontrar el sentido del momento actual de los estudios latinoamericanos a la luz de la experiencia del pasado, y la segunda a evaluar los conocimientos adquiridos y acumulados en esa trayectoria histórica.

Debate contemporáneo sobre Estudios Latinoamericanos (Tema Central)

La autora examina el estado actual de las corrientes teóricas latinoamericanistas a través de su expresión en los campos de conocimiento y las líneas de investigación que se desarrollan en el Posgrado en Estudios Latinoamericanos en México, para esto pasa revista a lo que ha sido el desarrollo de los estudios poscoloniales, los estudios subalternos y los estudios culturales.

Repensando la categoría de Estado en América Latina: recuperación del pensamiento teórico latinoamericano (Tema Central)

La autora hace un recorrido por las tendencias que han seguido los estudios del Estado en el siglo XX y para ello, aborda cinco momentos históricos que refieren a autores claves y representativos del pensamiento crítico latinoamericano. Las preguntas: ¿cómo se ha estudiado al Estado en América Latina? y ¿qué desafíos plantean las crisis institucionales a los conceptos tradicionales? delimitan el artículo. Finalmente, hace un balance de las corrientes que han caracterizado cada momento y propone una posible línea de investigación que considera acorde con la compleja y asincrónica realidad latinoamericana.

Latinoamericanismo, Barroco de Indias y colonialidad del poder: reflexiones sobre políticas de exclusión (Debates)

Este ensayo examina los debates y las relecturas a propósito del llamado Barroco de Indias que se han originado en el ámbito de los estudios latinoamericanos en las últimas décadas. Se enfoca en los estudios sobre el escritor peruano Juan Espinosa Medrano C1629?-1688, llamado el ""Lunarejo"", y problematiza los postulados que claman ver en el barroco y en sus representantes literarios, los primeros procesos de definición de una identidad y modernidad ""americana"" propias. El autor considera que estas lecturas, a pesar de que buscan responder a interpretaciones colonialistas, rearticulan un proyecto latinoamericanista que excluye las conflictivas relaciones étnico-culturales entre indígenas y no indígenas, así como también refuerza lo que Aníbal Quijano y Walter Mignolo llaman la colonialidad del poder.

The postoccidental deconstruction and resignification of "Modernity'': a critical analysis

The thesis which follows, entitled ''The Postoccidental Deconstruction and Resignification of 'Modemity': A Critical Analysis", is an exposition and criticism of the critique of occidental modemity found in a group of writings which identify their critique with a "postoccidental" point of view with respect to postcolonial studies. The general problem ofthe investigation concems the significance and reach ofthis critique of modemity in relation to the ongoing debate, in Latín American studies, about the historical relationship between Latín America, as a mu1ticultural/ structurally heterogeneous region, and the industrial societies of Euro pe and North America. A brief Preface explains the genealogy of the author's ideas on this subject Following this preface, the thesis proceeds to analyze the writings in this corpus through an intertextual, schematic approach which singles out two rnajor elements of the postoccidental critique: "coloniality" and "eurocentrism". These two main elements are investigated in the Introduction and Chapters One and Two, in terms of how they distinguish postoccidental analysis from other theoretical tendencias with which it has affinities but whose key concepts it reformu1ates in ways that are key to the unique approach which postoccidental analysis takes to modemity, the nature of the capitalist world system, colonialism, subaltemization, center/periphery and development . Chapter Three attempts a critical analysis of the foregoing postoccidentalist deconstruction according to the following question: to what extent does it succeed in deconstructing "modernity" as a term which refers to a historically articulated set of discourses whose underlying purpose has been to justify European and North American hegemony and structural asymmetries vis-a-vis the peripheries of the capitalist world system, based on an ethnocentric, racialist logic of exploitation and subalternization of non-European peoples? A Conclusion follows Chapter Three.

Building a left coast: the legacy of the California Popular Front and the challenge to Cold War liberalism in the post-world war two era

The Cold War in the late 1940s blunted attempts by the Truman administration to extend the scope of government in areas such as health care and civil rights. In California, the combined weakness of the Democratic Party in electoral politics and the importance of fellow travelers and communists in state liberal politics made the problem of how to advance the left at a time of heightened Cold War tensions particularly acute. Yet by the early 1960s a new generation of liberal politicians had gained political power in the Golden State and was constructing a greatly expanded welfare system as a way of cementing their hold on power. In this article I argue that the New Politics of the 1970s, shaped nationally by Vietnam and by the social upheavals of the 1960s over questions of race, gender, sexuality, and economic rights, possessed particular power in California because many activists drew on the longer-term experiences of a liberal politics receptive to earlier anti-Cold War struggles. A desire to use political involvement as a form of social networking had given California a strong Popular Front, and in some respects the power of new liberalism was an offspring of those earlier battles.

Lorrie Moore collection, 'A Little Ethnic Kink Is Always Good to See”: Jewish performance anxiety and anti-passing in the fiction of Lorrie Moore

This essay explores the ways in which the performance of Jewish identity (in the sense both of representing Jewish characters and of writing about those characters’ conscious and unconscious renditions of their Jewishness) is a particular concern (in both senses of the word) for Lorrie Moore. Tracing Moore's representations of Jewishness over the course of her career, from the early story “The Jewish Hunter” through to her most recent novel, A Gate at the Stairs, I argue that it is characterized by (borrowing a phrase from Moore herself) “performance anxiety,” an anxiety that manifests itself in awkward comedy and that can be read both in biographical terms and as an oblique commentary on, or reworking of, the passing narrative, which I call “anti-passing.” Just as passing narratives complicate conventional ethno-racial definitions so Moore's anti-passing narratives, by representing Jews who represent themselves as other to themselves, as well as to WASP America, destabilize the category of Jewishness and, by implication, deconstruct the very notion of ethnic categorization.

Lorrie Moore: Mo(o)re than an interim assessment

Lorrie Moore has long shed the image of the precocious talent who won the Seventeen story prize with her first submission as a nineteen-year-old undergraduate, but there is still a sense that her best work may be yet to come. In that respect, this mini special issue represents by no means the final word on Moore, but rather an interim assessment of a career that is already substantial and that promises much more to come. Together these three essays (and introduction) offer a coherent and striking exploration of Moore's work that develops new directions for future criticism and will help cement her growing reputation as one of the most original and distinctive contemporary writers. They sometimes circle around the same stories, even the same quotations, reading them in a variety of frames and picking up (and at) the nuances of Moore's sustained wordplay and careful documenting of space, of identity, of gender. Thus these essays work together rather than separately, layering over multiple understandings of Moore's incisive American literature.