Análise da salubridade do meio urbano com base na utilização de índices ambientais: aplicação na bacia de drenagem XII da cidade do Natal-RN

The growing accumulation of people in urban centers caused chronic problems of the cities to begin to take an increasingly unsustainable. Primarily related to lack of infrastructure coupled with sanitation and lack of investment in critical sectors such as health, education, housing and transportation, these problems start to deteriorate markedly the quality of life of city dwellers and put into test management policies of the spaces urbanized. To reverse this situation, shows is essential to the use of tools (highlighting this harvest rates and environmental indicators) that help in assessing the current conditions and may assist in predicting future scenarios. From the information listed above, now put the research seeks to present an index called ISBA Environmental (Sanitation Index) which looks at the four urban systems (water, sewer, solid waste and urban drainage) from the viewpoint of application in a geographical cutout specific - in this case the Drainage Basin XII, defined by the Plan of Urban Drainage Stormwater in the city of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte. This index, together with analysis of other factors sought to trace the current conditions of the basin and thus, assist in proposing the best solutions. For the preparation of the index was applied a questionnaire with a sample of 384 (three hundred eighty-four) households that aimed to study two variables: access to services and satisfaction of the population in relation to these. The ISBA has shown that the system is the most deficient collection and disposal of effluents (ICE = 47.66%), followed by the drainage of rainwater (IDAP = 54.17%), water supply (AAI = 61, 36) and solid waste collection (IRS = 78.28). With the ISBA was possible to verify that the qualitative data shows whose subjectivity is evident (as is the case of user satisfaction) can be of great importance when an assessment, since we obtained the correlation coefficient between the variables "Access" and " Satisfaction "equal to 0.8234, showing a strong correlation between the existence / quality of service offered and the impressions of the population that receives them

Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos no meio ambiente: diferenciação de fontes em sedimentos e metabólitos em bile de peixes

Many studies on environmental ecosystems quality related to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been carried out routinely due to their ubiquotus presence worldwide and to their potential toxicity after its biotransformation. PAH may be introduced into the environmet by natural and anthropogenic processes from direct runoff and discharges and indirect atmospheric deposition. Sources of naturally occurring PAHs include natural fires, natural oil seepage and recent biological or diagenetic processes. Anthropogenic sources of PAHs, acute or chronic, are combustion of organic matter (petroleum, coal, wood), waste and releases/spills of petroleum and derivatives (river runoff, sewage outfalls, maritime transport, pipelines). Besides the co-existence of multiples sources of PAH in the environmental samples, these compounds are subject to many processes that lead to geochemical fates (physical-chemical transformation, biodegradation and photo-oxidation), which leads to an alteration of their composition. All these facts make the identification of the hydrocarbons sources, if petrogenic, pyrolytic or natural, a challenge. One of the objectives of this study is to establish tools to identify the origin of hydrocarbons in environmental samples. PAH diagnostic ratios and PAH principal component analysis were tested on a critical area: Guanabara Bay sediments. Guanabara Bay is located in a complex urban area of Rio de Janeiro with a high anthropogenic influence, being an endpoint of chronic pollution from the Greater Rio and it was the scenario of an acute event of oil release in January 2000. It were quantified 38 compounds, parental and alkylated PAH, in 21 sediment samples collected in two surveys: 2000 and 2003. The PAH levels varied from 400 to 58439 ng g-1. Both tested techniques for origin identification of hydrocarbons have shown their applicability, being able to discriminate the PAH sources for the majority of the samples analysed. The bay sediments were separated into two big clusters: sediments with a clear pattern of petrogenic introduction of hydrocarbons (from intertidal area) and sediments with combustion characteristics (from subtidal region). Only a minority of the samples could not display a clear contribution of petrogenic or pyrolytic input. The diagnostic ratios that have exhibited high ability to distinguish combustion- and petroleum-derived PAH inputs for Guanabara Bay sediments were Phenanthrene+Anthracene/(Phenanthrene+Anthracene+C1Phenanthrene); Fluorantene/(Fluorantene+Pyrene); Σ (other 3-6 ring PAHs)/ Σ (5 alkylated PAH series). The PCA results prooved to be a useful tool for PAH source identification in the environment, corroborating the diagnostic indexes. In relation to the temporal evaluation carried out in this study, it was not verified significant changes on the class of predominant source of the samples. This result indicates that the hydrocarbons present in the Guanabara Bay sediments are mainly related to the long-term anthropogenic input and not directly related to acute events such as the oil spill of January 2000. This findings were similar to various international estuarine sites. Finally, this work had a complementary objective of evaluating the level of hydrocarbons exposure of the aquatic organisms of Guanabara Bay. It was a preliminary study in which a quantification of 12 individual biliar metabolites of PAH was performed in four demersal fish representing three different families. The analysed metabolites were 1-hydroxynaphtalene, 2-hidroxinaphtalene, 1hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1hydroxypyrene, 3-hidroxibiphenil, 3- hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxychrysene, 9hydroxyfluorene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenz(a)pyrene. The metabolites concentrations were found to be high, ranging from 13 to 177 µg g-1, however they were similar to worldwide regions under high anthropogenic input. Besides the metabolites established by the used protocol, it was possible to verified high concentrations of three other compounds not yet reported in the literature. They were related to pyrolytic PAH contribution to Guanabara Bay aquatic biota: 1-hydroxypyrine and 3-hydroxybenz(a)pyrine isomers

Geração automática de hardware a partir de especificações formais: estendendo uma abordagem de tradução

Removing inconsistencies in a project is a less expensive activity when done in the early steps of design. The use of formal methods improves the understanding of systems. They have various techniques such as formal specification and verification to identify these problems in the initial stages of a project. However, the transformation from a formal specification into a programming language is a non-trivial task and error prone, specially when done manually. The aid of tools at this stage can bring great benefits to the final product to be developed. This paper proposes the extension of a tool whose focus is the automatic translation of specifications written in CSPM into Handel-C. CSP is a formal description language suitable for concurrent systems, and CSPM is the notation used in tools support. Handel-C is a programming language whose result can be compiled directly into FPGA s. Our extension increases the number of CSPM operators accepted by the tool, allowing the user to define local processes, to rename channels in a process and to use Boolean guards on external choices. In addition, we also propose the implementation of a communication protocol that eliminates some restrictions on parallel composition of processes in the translation into Handel-C, allowing communication in a same channel between multiple processes to be mapped in a consistent manner and that improper communication in a channel does not ocurr in the generated code, ie, communications that are not allowed in the system specification

Evolução geomorfológica, (des)caracterização e formas de uso das Lagoas da cidade do Natal-RN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Estudo das precipitações máximas anuais em Presidente Prudente

Considerando a importância sócio-econômica da região de Presidente Prudente, este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a precipitação pluvial máxima esperada para diferentes níveis de probabilidade e verificar o grau de ajuste dos dados ao modelo Gumbel, com as estimativas dos parâmetros obtidas pelo método de máxima verossimilhança. Pelos resultados, o teste de Kolmogorov-Sminorv (K-S) mostrou que a distribuição Gumbel testada se ajustou com p-valor maior que 0.28 para todos os períodos de tempo considerados, comprovando que a distribuição Gumbel apresenta um bom ajustamento aos dados observados para representar as precipitações pluviais máximas. As estimativas de precipitação obtidas pelo método de máxima verossimilhança são consistentes, conseguindo reproduzir com bastante fidelidade o regime de chuvas da região de Presidente Prudente. Assim, o conhecimento da distribuição da precipitação pluvial máxima mensal e das estimativas das precipitações diárias máximas esperadas, possibilita um planejamento estratégico melhor, minimizando assim o risco de ocorrência de perdas econômicas para essa região.

Transtornos ovarianos e uterinos ocorridos no puerpério de vacas e sua relação com a progesterona no leite

Mediante exames semanais de palpação retal em 72 vacas leiteiras até o 42°dia pós-parto (p.p.) e dosagens de progesterona através do radioimunoensaio (RIE) e do enzimimunoensaio (EIE) até o 72° dia p.p., verificou-se que 9,7% dos animais portavam cistos foliculares, 6,9% tiveram aciclia completa, 6,9% tinham corpo lúteo persistente ou cisto luteínico, 22,2% foram acometidos de endometrite e 6,9% possuíam endometrite associada com cistos foliculares. Os cistos foliculares tiveram lugar, em média, no 29 ± 8,1° dia p.p., ao passo que o primeiro pico de progesterona ocorreu no 56,4 ± 7,8°dia p.p. Casos de cistos luteínicos ou corpo lúteo persistente ocorreram somente após o 42° dia p.p. Manobras obstétricas indevidas por ocasião do parto podem elevar em muito a incidência de endometrite num dado rebanho.

Persistência de cloreto de Mepiquat em plantas de algodão em função da precipitação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A chuva no Distrito Federal: o regime e as excepcionalidades do ritmo

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Avaliação dos potenciais citotóxico, genotóxico e mutagênico das águas do Ribeirão Tatu, região de Limeira/SP, após o recebimento de efluentes urbanos

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos e sua repercurssão sócio-ambiental no litoral norte paulista

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Os direitos personalíssimos, e as obrigações, no poder familiar

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Avaliação de tubos de concreto reforçados com fibras de aço segundo a NBR 8890

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Avaliação do intemperismo químico e influências antropogênicas na bacia do Alto Sorocaba (SP)

Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE

Avaliação da taxa de remoção de material dissolvido devido ao intemperismo químico da formação Serra Geral na bacia do Ribeirão Preto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Controle de erosão em estradas rurais não pavimentadas, utilizando sistema de terraceamento com gradiente associado a bacias de captação

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA