History of the manufacture of iron in all ages, and particularly in the United States from colonial time to 1891. Also a short history of early coal mining in the United States ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Colliery working and management, comprising the duties of a colliery manager, the superintendence & arrangement of labour & wages, and the different systems of working coal seams,

Some of the plans and forms are folded.

Coal resource classification system of the U.S. Geological Survey /

Mode of access: Internet.

Annual report by the State Inspector of Mines to the Governor of the State of New Mexico

Title varies slightly

Final environmental impact statement supplement for the Federal Coal Management Program /

Item 603-G

Draft environmental impact statement on the Energy Transportation Systems Inc. coal slurry pipeline transportation project /

Cover title : Environmental impact statement energy transportation system, inc.

Green River - Hams Fork regional coal environmental impact statement : draft /

April 1980.

San Juan River regional coal : environmental impact statement.

"March 1984"--Final.

Chemistry of acid production in black coal mine washery wastes

Column leaching tests on black coal mine washery wastes were performed, to determine the chemistry of acid generation. Coal mine coarse rejects and tailings were subjected to wet and dry cycle dissolution and subsequently column leached. The rates of iron sulphide oxidation and carbonate mineral dissolution were determined based on the drainage chemistry. The kinetic data from column leach experiments are used to predict the time required to deplete the acid producing and acid consuming minerals in the mine wastes. The acid production in the mine rejects was found to depend upon iron chemistry, carbonate chemistry, diffusion of oxygen, and permeability. The chemistry of the drainage from two different coal mines is compared. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WRITING A COMMUNITY GUIDEBOOK FOR EVALUATING LOW-GRADE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY FROM FLOODED UNDERGROUND MINES FOR HEATING AND COOLING BUILDINGS

When underground mines close they often fill with water from ground and surface sources; each mine can contain millions to billions of gallons of water. This water, heated by the Earth’s geothermal energy, reaches temperatures ideal for heat pumps. The sheer scale of these flooded underground mines presents a unique opportunity for large scale geothermal heat pump setups which would not be as economically, socially, and environmentally feasible anywhere else. A literature search revealed approximately 30 instances of flooded underground mines being used to heat and cool buildings worldwide. With thousands of closed/abandoned underground mines in the U.S. and a million estimated globally, why hasn’t this opportunity been more widely adopted? This project has found perception and lack of knowledge about the feasibility to be key barriers. To address these issues, this project drafted a guidebook for former mining communities titled A Community Guide to Mine Water Geothermal Heating and Cooling.

Children’s respiratory health and daily particulate levels in ten non-urban communities

We conducted a study to assess the association between the acute respiratory health of children and the levels of particulates in communities near and away from active opencast coal mines. The study enrolled children aged 1–11 years from the general population of five socioeconomically matched pairs of nonurban communities in northern England. Diaries of respiratory events were collected for 1405 children, and information was collected on the consultations of 2442 children with family/general practitioners over the 6-week study periods during 1996–1997, with concurrent monitoring of particulate levels. The associations found between daily PM10 levels and respiratory symptoms were frequently small and positive and sometimes varied between communities. The magnitude of these associations were in line with those from previous studies, even though daily particulate levels were low, and the children were drawn from the general population, rather than from the population with respiratory problems. The associations among asthma reliever use, consultations with general practitioners, and daily particulate levels were of a similar strength but estimated less precisely. The strength of association between all respiratory health measures and particulate levels was similar in communities near and away from opencast coal mining sites.

Dinossauros e Portugal: dois casos menos conhecidos

After some remarks on the protection of sites recognized as most interesting, two less known items about dinosaurs and Portugal are dealt with. The first of theme concerns the first published account on dinosaur tracks. Jacinto Pedro Gomes, then (1884) preparing a report on the Cabo Mondego coal mines, was told of the occurrence of large footprint casts that subsequently were sent to the Museum of the Escola Politécnica in Lisbon. Gomes has shown drawings of them to B. Geinitz (Dresden), who ascribed the casts to dinosaurs. Karl Zittel (München), corroborated this viewpoint, and Louis Dollo (Brussels) reported them to Ornithopods. A posthumous note by GOMES (1915-1916) is the first scientific paper on dinosaur tracks in Portugal. However, it is not the first published report. João Bonança, a reporter, presented in his large book "HISTORIA / DA / LUZITANIA E DA IBERIA ..." (1891), a new (both irrealistic and useless) stratigraphic classification. He also replaced Zoological and Botanic Nomenclature by another one devised by him. Having seen the footprint casts at the Museum of the Escola Politécnica, he referred bird or dinosaur footprints in Cabo Mondego's Upper Jurassic, this being the first published report on such fossils as far as Portugal is concerned. The second theme is about Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from Viso, Aveiro and Taveiro. Faunas are marked by generalized nannism, and seem impoverished by previous extinctions of larger forms; their probable insular character has been acknowledged. Extinctions may well be explained by non-catastrophic causes. The general fall of temperatures may have been far more important.

Tree population and community dynamics in a Brazilian tropical semideciduous forest

The dynamics of the tree community and 30 tree populations were examined in an area of tropical semideciduous forest located on the margin of the Rio Grande, SE Brazil, based on surveys done in 1990 and 1997 in three 0.18 ha plots. The main purpose was to assess whether variations in dynamics were related to topography and the effects of a catastrophic flood in 1992. Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area in two topographic sites, lower (flooded) and upper (non-flooded), were obtained. Projected trajectories of mean and accelerated growth in diameter were obtained for each species. In both topographic sites, mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates, gain rates of basal area surpassed loss rates, and size distributions changed, with declining proportions of smaller trees. These overall changes were possibly related to increased underground water supply after the 1992 flood as well as to a c. 250-year-old process of primary succession on abandoned gold mines. Possible effects of the 1992 flood showed up in the higher proportions of dead trees in the flooded sites and faster growth rates in the flood-free sites. Species of different regeneration guilds showed particular trends with respect to their demographic changes and diameter growth patterns. Nevertheless, patterns of population dynamics differed between topographic sites for only two species.

PREVALENCIA DE SINTOMATOLOGÍA MÚSCULO ESQUELÉTICAS DE CUELLO, HOMBRO Y ESPALDA LUMBAR EN LOS TRABAJADORES DE MINAS SUBTERRÁNEAS DE CARBÓN EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA, 2013

Introducción. Trabajo de investigación realizado dentro del proyecto “EVALUACIÓN DE LA EXPOSICIÓN A POLVO DE CARBÓN EN MINERÍA SUBTERRÁNEA EN TRES DEPARTAMENTOS DE COLOMBIA” liderado por el grupo Salud Ocupacional y del Ambiente, con la participación de la Universidad del Rosario, la Universidad de los Andes, el Ministerio de Trabajo, la Administradora de Riesgos Laborales Positiva. Inmerso en este proyecto se determinará en el departamento de Boyacá la prevalencia de sintomatología músculo esquelética Objetivo. Determinar la sintomatología músculo esquelética en cuello, hombros y espalda lumbar, en trabajadores de minas de carbón subterráneas del departamento de Boyacá, mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario Nórdico Estandarizado específico y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y ocupacionales. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal que se realizó en una población de minería subterránea del departamento mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario Nórdico Estandarizado específico. Resultados. La sintomatología en cuello, hombros y espalda reportada fue de 44,1%, 37,1% y 68,2% respectivamente por los trabajadores. La antigüedad laboral en promedio fue de 17,06 (DS 7,93), la media de edad fue 40,46 (DS 11,12 años). De los 170 trabajadores encuestados el 74,7% (127) se desempeñan como picadores, seguidos por cocheros 10,6% (18), malacatero 5,3% (9), el restante se desempeña en otras labores de minería. Conclusiones. Este estudio encontró un alta prevalencia de sintomatología músculo esquelética en los trabajadores de minería de carbón subterránea, lo que sugiere la necesidad de generar estudios ergonómicos y estrategias de prevención para evitar un aumento en la cifras de enfermedades profesionales como desordenes músculo esqueléticos.