823 resultados para 985


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Peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc were sampled on the landward trench slope of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) subduction zone by dredging. These mantle wedge peridotites underwent hydration by fluid derived from a dehydrated descending slab, and later interacted with seawater after emplacement at or near the seafloor. This study investigates how these two different rock-fluid interaction processes influenced trace element distribution in the southern Mariana forearc peridotites. We measured trace element concentrations of peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc. The southern Mariana forearc peridotites are characterized by a distinct seawater-like REE pattern with an obvious negative Ce anomaly, and La shows good correlation with other REEs (except Ce). In addition, there is a great enrichment of U, Pb, Sr and Li elements, which show a distinct positive anomaly relative to adjacent elements in the multi-element diagram. For the seawater-like REE pattern, we infer that REEs are mainly influenced by seawater during peridotite-seawater interactions after their emplacement at or near the seafloor, by serpentinization or by marine weathering. Furthermore, the anomalous behavior of Ce, compared with other rare earth elements in these samples, may indicate that they have undergone reactions involving Ce (IV) when the peridotites interacted with seawater. Positive U, Pb, Sr and Li anomalies are inferred to be related to seawater and/or fluids released during dehydration of the subducting slab.

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对5个不同类型巨穗小麦种质材料进行C-分带分析,发现均有一对特征染色体存在,初步确定这对染色体为小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS易位染色体。

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以一种离散驱动蛇形柔性臂为研究对象 ,分析并提出了弯曲型离散驱动机器人工作空间的表达方法。考虑到离散驱动机器人工作空间的离散性 ,为了便于对其运动学参数进行调整 ,以使末端操作器达到新指定的工作位置 ,提出了参数调整“标定”的概念 ,并依据使运动学参数调整值尽量小的优化原则对运动学参数进行了优化设计 ,从而解决了运动学参数设计的冗余度问题。

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本文对国际机器人产业的发展进行了回顾,分析了我国机器人产业的发展现状,指出发展我国机器人产业的条件已经成熟,提出了发展我国机器人产业的建设和发展策略.

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四川盐边高家村镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体是一个分异良好的似层状侵入体, 该岩体可以分为两个堆积旋回. 对高家村杂岩体主体岩相的角闪辉长岩进行系统的单颗粒锆石U-Pb定年以及单矿物角闪石40Ar/39Ar定年的研究, 表明高家村杂岩体的主体岩相形成年龄为840±5 Ma. 对“盐边蛇绿岩”的提法提出了质疑, 认为高家村杂岩体的形成很可能与Rodinia超级大陆下的一个超级地幔柱活动有关. 以上的研究成果有助于重新认识盐边地区新元古代构造演化特征.

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云南省大红山铁铜矿床位于康滇地轴南端西缘,介于红河深断裂与绿汁江深断裂所夹持的滇中台坳内,赋存于中元古代大红山群海相火山喷流-沉积岩系中,是我国典型的火山岩型块状硫化物(VHMS)矿床之一。该矿床包括一系列与火山喷发-岩浆侵入活动相关但成因有一定差别的矿床,被统称为“大红山式”铁铜矿床。该矿床经济价值巨大,铁、铜储量均达超大型矿床规模,但其研究程度较低,多停留在矿区地质特征层面上,地球化学研究较为薄弱。本次工作系统地研究了大红山层状铜矿床中各类岩石的岩相学特征,对特征矿物做了电子探针定性和定量分析,挑选火山质岩石中锆石做定年分析,系统分析了岩石的主量元素和微量元素,测定了硫化物的硫和铅同位素,并选取了与富集型硫化物相关的石英脉矿物和碳酸盐矿物分别做流体包裹体和碳、氧同位素研究。论文取得的主要认识如下: 1.红山群曼岗河组火山喷流-沉积年代约为1687±8Ma,即形成于早-中元古代,因此不可能遭受如前人所说的吕梁运动改造作用。在700 ~ 800Ma左右,即晋宁运动期本区遭受了强烈的变质变形以及流体蚀变改造作用。 2.层状铜矿中岩石类型主要为黑云母片岩、白云石钠长石岩和白云石大理岩。黑云母片岩中主要矿物为黑云母、钠长石、铁白云石和石榴子石;白云石钠长石岩中主要矿物为钠长石、铁白云石、石榴子石及少量的黑云母;白云石大理岩中主要矿物为铁白云石,含少量的钠长石和黑云母。岩石原岩恢复表明,三类岩石原岩为火山物质、泥质沉积物和喷流热水沉积混合组成,其中黑云母片岩以泥质为主,包含火山质物质和喷流热水沉积物质;白云石钠长石岩以火山物质和喷流热水为主,含少量的泥质;白云石大理岩以热水喷流沉积为主。 3.本区至少遭受过三期变质作用:区域高温变质作用、流体蚀变改造作用和变形变质作用。区域高温变质作用变质温度最高可达可达660℃,主要集中在600 ~ 630℃之间,形成压力约为4.9 ~ 5.0Kbar。三期变质改造使原岩发生了绿帘-角闪岩相的变质作用,变质过程中,稀土元素(特别是轻稀土元素)和部分高场强元素发生了迁移;流体蚀变改造富集了早期的贫铜矿胚,使之形成工业矿床。 4.硫化物硫同位素研究显示,其δ34S值为-0.6 ~ +10.9‰,主要集中在+5.0 ~ +10.9‰之间。这一组成表明富集型硫化物大体继承了早期硫化物硫源特征,并在改造过程中富集重硫。早期硫化物硫源主要来自岩浆硫和海水无机还原硫。硫化物铅同位素范围为:206Pb/204Pb= 18.985 ~ 23.318,均值为21.222;207Pb/204Pb=15.581 ~ 15.904,均值为15.747;208Pb/204Pb=39.803 ~ 45.652,均值为42.540。显然,本区硫化物具有极高含量的放射性成因铅,部分放射性成因铅含量稍低的样品与前人所圈定的改造型矿床的硫化物铅同位素范围较为吻合。分析认为,本区硫化物铅同位素代表了两种不同铅源的混合,即早期硫化物的普通铅和围岩中的放射性成因铅。硫铅同位素示踪以及矿相学研究表明,本区早期铜质来源于海底火山喷流-沉积,而晚期富集型铜矿铜质继承了早期铜质,同时也不排除晚期流体中所带来的铜质。 5.流体包裹体研究表明,本区改造型流体中包括三种流体体系:①中-低盐度H2O-NaCl±KCl±FeCl3 ±CaCl2流体,盐度范围为0.53 ~ 24.59 % NaCl equiv.,密度为0.80 ~ 1.16 g/cm3;②高盐度高密度H2O-NaCl±CaCl2流体,盐度为31.2 ~ >59.76% NaCl equiv,密度为1.14 ~ 1.45 g/cm3;③纯液相CO2流体,流体密度为0.77 ~ 1.09 g/cm3。流体包裹体均一温度在100 ~ 456℃之间,主要集中在150 ~ 260℃和260 ~ 456℃两个温度区间。方解石碳、氧同位素范围分别为-5.6 ~ -3.1‰和12.4 ~ 15.5‰。综合分析表明,流体主要来自海底下伏岩浆房的出溶或喷流的高温高盐度流体,部分与海水混合。流体在热液改造过程中活化富集了早期硫化物,经过短距搬运而沉积形成了晚期富集型硫化物。 6.本次研究确定该矿床的成矿机制为:早-中元古代,本区的陆内裂谷作用为火山喷发提供了构造条件,海底火山喷流-沉积形成了早期的贫铜矿胚。元古代末期,本区遭受了强烈的区域变质、变形和流体蚀变改造作用,使原先的贫铜矿胚得到活化富集,形成了工业矿床。

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溶解有机物(dissolved organio matter, DOM)通常是指能够通过0.45μm滤膜的有机物质。0.45μm的定义是根据传统的过滤滤膜直径来划分的,不是一个绝对的定义。DOM在水环境中起着重要的作用,它是水环境中重要的配位体和吸附载体。DOM在水化学和生态环境中的重要作用,主要表现在它不仅可以和基本的金属离子和有机化合物结合,还可以与毒性金属离子和除草剂、杀虫剂结合(wershow ond Goldberg,1972)。湖泊水中DoM的浓度及物理化学性质能够影响水生态环境的结构及初级生产力。溶解有机物按元素组成来分,主要含有C、O、H、N、P、S以及灰分。按重量计算,其中C占总有机物的50%,其次是O(科O%)、H(一5%)、N(0.5~6.5%)、P(<1.0%)、S(<1.0%)和灰分(1.2-5.0%)(Thurman,1985)。DOM一般由多种有机化合物组成,其中腐殖物质是溶解有机质的主要组成部分,一般占有机质总量的50-80%。目前通常可人为地将腐殖物质划分为胡敏素、胡敏酸和富里酸(Aiken et oL,1 985)。其余的非腐殖类物质主要包括碳水化合物、氨基酸、叶绿素、藻类分泌物、酚酮类化合物、脂肪酸和亲水性有机酸等(Thurman,1985)a在水环境中一些金属离子和微量元素通常和DOM相结合,而这些元素的作用和在水中的迁移都受DoM的分子量分布的影响(chiou etal.,1986)。 DOM的分子量及其分布是指示水质量的一个重要参数,同时在水处理过程中对于研究DOM的去处效率有重要作用(vuorio et oL,1998)。具有不同分子量分布的DOM与金属的络合能力也不同,则它们对金属的生物有效性的作用就不同(wuetal.,2002)。分子量变化的程度可以进一步理解DOM的自然形成过程,也可以在弓!用水处理过程中优化腐殖质的去除过程。红枫湖和百花湖是贵州地区两个人工水库,通过对两湖水文条件的测量,探讨了影响DOM分子量及分布变化的环境因素,包括溶解氧的含量、水体温度、pH值、叶绿素。的含量、光照强度、藻类生长情况、生物活动等,以及溶解有机物的来源,人为污染情况等。本文采样高效体积排阻色谱法(High PerformanceSizeExclusion cbromatograP场,HPsEC)测量了红枫湖、百花湖水中的DOM的含量及分子量分布,得出了以下几点认识:1、选择HPsEC实验的最佳条件:0.03M NaCl和0.002的磷酸盐缓冲液作为流动相,pH为6.8,离子强度为0.034mol几,紫外检测波长为254nm。2、红枫湖、百花湖水中DOM主要以分子量小于3500Da的组分为主,占总溶解有机物的90%以上。根据洗脱曲线的峰面积,可以把DOM分为3个不同 分子量的组分,其中大分子量组分(MW>2000Da)的含量占总DOM的35%一68%;中等分子量组分(Z000Da>MW>1000Da)的含量为27%-57%;小分子量组分(MW<1000Da)占总DOM的3%一31%。 3、红枫湖、百花湖水中Doc含量受气候条件的影响。丰水期,水体上部DOC含量较大,下部较小‘平水期和枯水期,上下水体中DOC含量一致。各组分DOc含量变化与总DOC含量变化相似。DOC含量也表现出明显的季节性变化特征。丰水期DOC含量较高,而在平水期和枯水期含量较低。红枫湖和百花湖二者之间DOC含量没有明显的差别。4、红枫湖、百花湖水中DOM平均分子量也受气候条件的影响。丰水期,随深度的增大,DoM平均分子量增大;平水期和枯水期,上下水体DOM平均分子量一致。DO入左的季节性变化与DOC相反,丰水期,DOM平均分子量偏低;而在平水期和枯水期,DOM平均分子量偏高。5、重均分子量和数均分子量虽然变化趋势相似,但是它们的变化幅度不同,所以多分散系数也会发生变化。总的来说,在水体上部多分散系数偏大,水体下部偏小。丰水期多分散系数较大,平水期和枯水期多分散系数较小。6、随着气候条件的变化,各分子量组分的DOM含量及DOC浓度也在发生变化。大分子量组分随深度而增大,而中等和小分子量组分随深度而减小。丰水期,中等和小分子量组分含量较多,而大分子量组分较少;平水期和枯水期,大分子量组分含量较多,中等和小分子量组分含量较少。

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We investigate numerically the ground state phase diagram of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model, including an on--site interaction U and a nearest--neighbor interaction V. We focus on the ground state phases of the model in the V >> U region, where previous studies have suggested the possibility of dominant superconducting pairing fluctuations before the system phase separates at a critical value V=V_PS. Using quantum Monte Carlo methods on lattices much larger than in previous Lanczos diagonalization studies, we determine the boundary of phase separation, the Luttinger Liquid correlation exponent K_rho, and other correlation functions in this region. We find that phase separation occurs for V significantly smaller than previously reported. In addition, for negative U, we find that a uniform state re-enters from phase separation as the electron density is increased towards half filling. For V < V_PS, our results show that superconducting fluctuations are not dominant. The system behaves asymptotically as a Luttinger Liquid with K_rho < 1, but we also find strong low-energy (but gapped) charge-density fluctuations at a momentum not expected for a standard Luttinger Liquid.

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This work reports the successful realization of MoS2 nanotubes by a novel intercalation chemistry and hydrothermal treatment. An inorganic-organic precursor of hexadecylamine (HDA) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) were used in synthesizing the nanocomposite comprising laminar MoS2 with HDA intercalated in the interlaminar spacing. The formation of MoS2 nanotubes occurred during hydrothermal treatment (HT) by a self-organized rolling mechanism. The nanotubes were observed to have dimensions 2-12 µm in length and inner diameters typically in the range of 25-100 nm. We also report the formation of amorphous nanocoils of MoS2 obtained during similar procedures.

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In the mnemonic model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the current memory of a negative event, not the event itself, determines symptoms. The model is an alternative to the current event-based etiology of PTSD represented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The model accounts for important and reliable findings that are often inconsistent with the current diagnostic view and that have been neglected by theoretical accounts of the disorder, including the following observations. The diagnosis needs objective information about the trauma and peritraumatic emotions but uses retrospective memory reports that can have substantial biases. Negative events and emotions that do not satisfy the current diagnostic criteria for a trauma can be followed by symptoms that would otherwise qualify for PTSD. Predisposing factors that affect the current memory have large effects on symptoms. The inability-to-recall-an-important-aspect-of-the-trauma symptom does not correlate with other symptoms. Loss or enhancement of the trauma memory affects PTSD symptoms in predictable ways. Special mechanisms that apply only to traumatic memories are not needed, increasing parsimony and the knowledge that can be applied to understanding PTSD.

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