Análise filogenética de Phytophthora capsici Leonian do estado de São Paulo baseada na seqüência de nucleotídeos da região ITS-5.8S rDNA

Phylogenetic analysis through morphological and cultural traits is considered inconsistent and hard to be scientifically accepted once there is no way to establish the direction of evolution on morphological traits. Molecular markers are suitable for phylogenetic analysis. The sequencing of ITS1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacers) regions and of 5.8S gene from ribosomal DNA were used to estimate the genetic variation and distance of 10 Phytophthora capsici isolates. The amount of genetic variation amongst isolated P. capsici from distinct regions of São Paulo State was 0.1 to 1.6 and 0.1 to 1.1% at ITS1 and ITS2, respectively, and a phylogenetic distance of about 78.5% between P. capsici and Phytophthora spp. was observed.

CCST work programme 1983-84

Includes bibliography

Rumos da análise musical no Brasil: análise estilística 1919-84

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Ecologia de paisagem aplicada à análise ambiental do sítio arqueológico PA-BA-84: Alunorte em Barcarena-PA

Uma das tarefas da pesquisa em Arqueologia da Amazônia é compreender as relações entre as populações humanas pretéritas e a floresta tropical úmida. É muito importante definir as unidades de paisagem no contexto do processo de ocupação humana e assim, integrar esses dados ao contexto dos sítios arqueológicos. Este estudo tem como objetivo definir a composição de unidades de paisagem atual do sítio arqueológico PA-BA-84: ALUNORTE, em termos taxonômicos, utilizando a abordagem geográfica da Ecologia de Paisagem como uma eficiente ferramenta na política de preservação do patrimônio arqueológico. Esta abordagem sistêmica destaca a interdependência mútua dos elementos da paisagem e as interações entre estes, gerando duas unidades espaciais de análise do sítio arqueológico: o micromeio e o macromeio. A classificação taxonômica das unidades de paisagem está relacionada com a aplicação de diferentes escalas espaciais, onde o geossistema refere-se às escalas de menor detalhe para a análise do macromeio do sítio, enquanto as unidades geofácies e geótopo relacionam-se às escalas de maior detalhe referentes à análise do micromeio. O resgate das informações ambientais passa pelo uso sensoriamento remoto e o geoprocessamento da imagem SPOT, como uma ferramenta eficaz para a definição das unidades de paisagem. A classificação da imagem foi otimizada com o classificador baseado em redes neurais, com trabalhos de campo e com dados do Programa de Arqueologia Preventiva na área do Projeto Bauxita Paragominas/PA. Desta forma, a definição das unidades de paisagem do sitio Alunorte passa pela associação de classificação não supervisionada com classificação supervisionada. Os resultados mostraram que o geossistema do macromeio é constituído por oito geofácies, representadas por áreas construídas, áreas de cultivo agrícolas, rios, praias, várzea, vegetação em áreas alagadas, capoeira adulta e capoeira jovem. A delimitação espacial do geossistema obedece aos limites da bacia hidrográfica do rio Murucupi. O micromeio é definido a partir do sistema de nascente do rio Murucupi e apresenta cinco geofácies que são constituídas por áreas construídas, rios, praias, várzea, capoeira adulta e capoeira jovem. O sítio está assentado sobre rampas de colúvio, a qual é constituída por rampas inferior, média e superior, o que está diretamente relacionado com os geotópos que cobrem o relevo do micromeio. Na rampa superior foi registrada a maior concentração de vestígios arqueológicos, o que representa, certamente, o local do assentamento humano pretérito, no processo de ocupação pré-histórico, iniciado há mil anos, o que coincide com uma paleogeofácies de manguezal na praia de Itupanema. O geossistema é caracterizado por um alto grau de antropização representado a partir de ciclos cada vez mais curtos de regeneração da cobertura vegetal. Esta degradação afeta diretamente o patrimônio arqueológico, por isso, os estudos que visam preservar esse patrimônio, preocupados com o resgate do processo de ocupação da Amazônia, devem priorizar a preservação conjunta do mesmo com o geossistema em que está inserido.

Diversidade genética de Rhizoctonia spp. e análise de sequência multilocos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Milky Way demographics with the VVV survey I. The 84-million star colour-magnitude diagram of the Galactic bulge

Context. The Milky Way (MW) bulge is a fundamental Galactic component for understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies, in particular our own. The ESO Public Survey VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea is a deep near-IR survey mapping the Galactic bulge and southern plane. Particularly for the bulge area, VVV is covering similar to 315 deg(2). Data taken during 2010 and 2011 covered the entire bulge area in the JHKs bands. Aims. We used VVV data for the whole bulge area as a single and homogeneous data set to build for the first time a single colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) for the entire Galactic bulge. Methods. Photometric data in the JHK(s) bands were combined to produce a single and huge data set containing 173 150 467 sources in the three bands, for the similar to 315 deg(2) covered by VVV in the bulge. Selecting only the data points flagged as stellar, the total number of sources is 84 095 284. Results. We built the largest colour-magnitude diagrams published up to date, containing 173.1+ million sources for all data points, and more than 84.0 million sources accounting for the stellar sources only. The CMD has a complex shape, mostly owing to the complexity of the stellar population and the effects of extinction and reddening towards the Galactic centre. The red clump (RC) giants are seen double in magnitude at b similar to -8 degrees-10 degrees, while in the inner part (b similar to -3 degrees) they appear to be spreading in colour, or even splitting into a secondary peak. Stellar population models show the predominance of main-sequence and giant stars. The analysis of the outermost bulge area reveals a well-defined sequence of late K and M dwarfs, seen at (J - K-s) similar to 0.7-0.9 mag and K-s greater than or similar to 14 mag. Conclusions. The interpretation of the CMD yields important information about the MW bulge, showing the fingerprint of its structure and content. We report a well-defined red dwarf sequence in the outermost bulge, which is important for the planetary transit searches of VVV. The double RC in magnitude seen in the outer bulge is the signature of the X-shaped MW bulge, while the spreading of the RC in colour, and even its splitting into a secondary peak, are caused by reddening effects. The region around the Galactic centre is harder to interpret because it is strongly affected by reddening and extinction.

Influence of chest wall on lung mechanics during inspiration.

RATIONALE: The interaction between lungs and chest wall influences lung volume, that determines lung history during respiration cycle. In this study, the influence of chest wall mechanics on respiratory system is assessed by the evaluation of inspiration pressure-volume curve (PV curve) under three different situations: closed-chest, open-chest and isolated lung. The PV curve parameters in each situation allow us to further understand the role played by different chest wall elements in the respiratory function. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats (236 ± 29 g) were used. The animals were weighted and then anesthetized with xylazine 2% (0,5mL/kg) and ketamine 10% (0,9mL/kg), exsanguinated and later tracheostomized with a metallic cannula (14 gauge). The cannula was connected to an automatic small animal insufflator. This setup was connected to a pressure transducer (32 samples/s). The 24 animals were randomly separated in three groups: (i) closed chest, (ii) open chest and (iii) isolated lung. The rats were insufflated with 20mL quasi-statically (constant speed of 0,1mL/s). Insufflated volume and measured pressure data were kept and PV curves were obtained for all animals. The PV curves were fitted (non-linear least squares) against the sigmoid equation (1) to obtain the sigmoid equation parameters (a,b,c,d). Elastance measurements were obtained from linear regression of pressure/volume measurements in a 0,8s interval before and after the calculated point. Results: The parameters a, b and c showed no significant change, but the parameter d showed a significant variation among the three groups. The initial elastance also varied between open and closed chest, indicating the need of a higher pressure for the lung expansion, as can be seen in Table 1. Table 1: Mean and Standard Deviation of parameters obtained for each protocol. Protocol: Closed Chest – a (mL) -0.35±0.33; b (mL) 13.93±0.89; c (cm H2O) 21.28±2.37; d (cm H2O) 6.17±0.84; r²** (%) 99.4±0.14; Initial Elastance* (cm H2)/mL) 12.72±6.66; Weight (g) 232.33±5.72. Open Chest - a (mL) 0.01±0.28; b (mL) 14.79±0.54; c (cm H2O) 19.47±1.41; d (cm H2O) 3.50±0.28; r²** (%) 98.8±0.34; Initial Elastance* (cm H2)/mL) 28.68±2.36; Weight (g) 217.33±7.97. Isolated Lung - a (mL) -0.09±0.46; b (mL) 14.22±0.75; c (cm H2O) 21.76±1.43; d (cm H2O) 4.24±0.50; r²** (%) 98.9±0.19; Initial Elastance* (cm H2)/mL) 7.13±8.85; Weight (g) 224.33±16.66. * Elastance measures in the 0-0,1 mL range. ** Goodness of sigmoid fit versus measured data Conclusion: A supporting effect of the chest wall was observed at the initial moments of inspiration, observed as a higher initial elastance in open chest situations than in closed chest situations (p=0,00001). The similar initial elastance for the isolated lung and closed chest may be explained by the specific method used for the isolated lung experiment. As the isolated lung is supported by the trachea vertically, the weight of the tissue may have a similar effect of the residual negative pressure in the thorax, responsible for maintaining the residual volume.