渭北黄土高原刺槐林—草地景观界面土壤水分影响域及其动态变化规律研究

对渭北黄土高原刺槐林—草地景观界面土壤水分影响域及其时空动态变化规律进行了研究。采用移动窗口法分析得出刺槐林—草地景观界面土壤水分影响域为林内4 m到林外12 m之间,宽度16 m,为渐变型界面,由此可将刺槐林—草地景观划分为3个区域:草地区、界面区和刺槐林区。经典统计分析表明,历经3个区域,不同层次的土壤水分在水平方向上随着水平距离梯度的变化表现出不同的上升或下降的趋势,在界面区域土壤含水量变化最为显著。基于标准差和变异系数两个指标,可将草地和林地区域土壤剖面水分垂直变化划分为4层,界面区域划分为3层。3个区域土壤含水量的季节变化表现为基本一致的“高-低-高”规律,可以划分为3个时期,4~5月中旬为土壤水分贮存期,6~7月中旬为土壤水分消耗期,8~10月中旬土壤水分恢复期。水分在时间和空间上的这种变化主要受植被类型、根系分布、降水资源再分配的影响。

Influence of laser-glazing on hot corrosion resistance of yttria-stabilized zirconia TBC in molten salt mixture of V2O5 and Na2SO4

Plasma-sprayed 8YSZ (zirconia stabilized with 8 wt% yttria)/NiCoCrAlYTa thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were laser-glazed using a continuous-wave CO2 laser. Open pores within the coating surface were eliminated and an external densified layer was generated by laser-glazing. The hot corrosion resistances of the plasma-sprayed and laser-glazed coatings were investigated. The two specimens were exposed for the same period of 100 h at 900 degrees C to a salt mixture of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). Serious crack and spallation occurred in the as-sprayed coating, while the as-glazed coating exhibited good hot corrosion behavior and consequently achieved a prolonged lifetime. The results showed that the as-sprayed 8YSZ coating achieved remarkably improved hot corrosion resistance by laser-glazing.

Supramolecular isomerism in zinc hydroxide coordination polymers with pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: Two polymorphs with centrosymmetric two-dimensional and acentric three-dimensional coordination networks

Reactions of Zn(BF4)(2) and pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (2,4-pydcH(2)) in the presence of 1,2-bis( 4-pyridyl) ethylene or 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl) propane under hydro(solvo) thermal conditions yielded two polymorphic metal-organic coordination polymers formulated as Zn-2(OH)(2)(2,4-pydc) (1 and 2). Polymorph 1 features a two-dimensional (2-D) layer-like structure that is constructed by 2,4-pydc ligands bridging between the Zn-OH-Zn double-chain units. Each single Zn-OH-Zn chain is composed of mu(2)-OH groups connecting trigonal bipyramidal and tetrahedral Zn centers. Polymorph 2 is a 3-D coordination polymer containing 2-D Zn-OH-Zn sheets that consist of mu(2)- and mu(3)-OH groups and trigonal bipyramidal Zn centers. The sheets are pillared by 2,4-pydc ligands to form an acentric structural architecture. 1 and 2 are rare examples that the two polymorphs exhibit a centrosymmetric 2-D coordination network and an acentric 3-D coordination network, respectively. The different structures lead to differences in photoluminescent properties and thermal stabilities for 1 and 2.

席夫碱铝双核配合物的合成及其对ε-己内酯的催化作用

采用中性双席夫碱配体与异丙氧基铝反应制备了席夫碱铝配合物。经NMR和X射线晶体结构衍射分析证明,该配合物是双核结构。席夫碱配体上的氧和氮原子同时与铝原子配位形成独立单元。2个铝单元由甲氧基基团桥联形成双金属结构。其中铝原子与甲氧基氧原子构成一个平行四边形,它也包含该配合物分子的对称中心。该配合物可以催化ε-己内酯开环聚合。动力学研究表明,单体的转化率和聚合产物的数均分子量均随反应时间的延长而线性增加,并与理论计算值接近,而分子量分布没有明显变化,反应呈活性聚合的特征。NMR分析证明,寡聚物的端基为甲氧基和羟基,因此聚合反应为配位插入机理。

蛋白石及反蛋白石结构光子晶体

光子晶体是由不同介电常数的材料构成的一种空间周期性结构 ,它能够在特定方向上禁阻、控制和操纵光子的运动。目前 ,已制备的光子晶体具有几种不同的结构类型 ,本文主要综述了蛋白石、反蛋白石结构光子晶体的制备方法及其光子带隙的影响因素

DNA在纳米金标上的组装、杂交、检测与银增强

利用电化学方法进行DNA的杂交检测.将目标ss-DNA固定在玻碳电极表面,使其与纳米金标记的互补DNA发生杂化反应,通过银增强试剂(该种试剂可以使银在纳米金表面沉积,达到信号增强的效果)在纳米金上沉积银,形成银包金的核壳结构.在酸性介质中沉积的银被氧化释放,以离子状态存在于溶液中.用阳极溶出伏安法(ASV)检测银离子从而达到间接检测目标DNA的目的.测定结果表明,ss-DNA的浓度在100～1 000 pmol·L~(-1)范围内有非常好的线性关系,检测限为10 pmol·L~(-1).

Silicon dioxide coating of CeO2 nanoparticles by solid state reaction at room temperature

The synthesis Of SiO2 coated CeO2 nanoparticles by humid solid state reaction at room. temperature is described. Transmission electron microscope results show that CeO2 Particles were coated with a layer Of SiO2. Binding energy of Ce 3d(5/2) was shifted from 883.8 to 882.8 eV after coating in the XPS Ce 3d spectra. This confirms the chemical bond formation between SiO32- and Ce4+. Because the surface photovoltage property of CeO2 nanoparticles that were used as core materials in the experiment approaches to that of CeO2 macroparticles, peak P2 (electron transition from 0 2p on surface to Ce 4f) disappeared in the surface photovoltage spectrum of CeO2 nanoparticles. Also, the effect Of SiO2 on the electron transition from 0 2p to Ce 4f results in the lowering of surface photovoltage response intensity of P1 peak (electron transition from 0 2p in bulk to Ce 4f).

Code for chemical environment and computation of molecular similarity

A new code for chemical environment and an empirical mathematical pattern Sa(m) on computation of molecular similarity were suggested. Seven molecules which referred to as the probe compounds and the nearest neighbors of each probe structure were determined by the methods of Sa(m) and Tanimoto, The results show an intuitive notion of chemical similarity.

二烷基单硫代膦酸萃淋树脂吸附重稀土(Ⅲ)的研究

本文研究了Cyanex302萃淋树脂从硝酸介质中吸附重稀土（Ⅲ），吸附能力为Lu＞Yb＞Tm＞Er＞Ho＞Dy＞Tb＞Gd。考察了平衡水相酸度、稀土浓度、温度等对吸附平衡的影响。计算了重稀土（Ⅲ）间的平均分离系数β~z+1_z＝3．55，表明分离稀土（Ⅲ）的选择性优于HDEHP、HEH／EHP萃淋树脂，有可能用于制备高纯单一重稀土。Cyanex302萃淋树脂饱和吸附稀土（Ⅲ）的红外光谱表明，P＝S键参与了配位。

Fluorescence spectroscopy studies on the action of rare earths with bovine serum albumin in multimolecular system

In this paper. the interaction of tripositive terbium ions (Tb3+) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been investigated in the presence of some alkaline earth metals and citric acid (Cit) by using fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that Tb-31. BSA and Cit can form ternary complex BSA . Tb-2. Cit(4) in mu =0.1 mol/l NaCl. pH6.3 hexamethylenetetramine buffer. Other tare earths are able to compete for the same binding site in BSA with Tb3+-. The sequence of con,petition is Eu3+>Pr3+>Yb3+>Gd3+>La3+>Ca2+ and Mg2+ cannot replace Tb bound to BSA.

硫酸盐还原菌对海洋腐蚀行为的影响

本文通过使用多参数水质分析仪、循环伏安法、电化学阻抗法等测试手段研究了硫酸盐还原菌生长过程中硫酸盐还原菌数量、环境参数和碳钢腐蚀行为三者之间的关系；建立了一种有效的快速检测硫酸盐还原菌数量的方法并研究了其检测的机制；研究了硫酸盐还原菌对阴极氧还原反应的影响。 研究发现，硫酸盐还原菌生长过程对介质化学状态影响主要为在硫酸盐还原菌的新陈代谢过程作用下，硫离子浓度在增殖期快速增加，并在衰亡期和残余期保持不变，体系的还原性也与硫离子浓度同步变化。该介质中碳钢腐蚀行为与活性硫酸盐还原菌并无直接关系，主要取决于体系氧化还原性能。即在硫酸盐还原菌增殖期增强了阳极过程与腐蚀速度，并在硫酸盐还原菌衰亡期和残余期保持不变。 采用测定银电极的电极电位的方法可以检测体系中硫酸盐还原菌的数量，检测范围为50~10000ml-1，检测时间为2~3分钟。硫酸盐还原菌的吸附及其代谢生成硫离子的过程是导致银电极电位负移的原因。 在氧气饱和的3.5% NaCl溶液中，玻碳电极的阴极氧还原反应包括氧气一电子还原为超氧离子、氧气二电子还原为过氧化氢以及过氧化氢二电子还原为水分子三个步骤。硫酸盐还原菌催化了第一步和第二步反应中间产物超氧离子和过氧化氢的分解，从而使得阴极氧还原反应电流加大。

舍饲绵羊甲烷和二氧化碳的日排放动态

运用密闭呼吸代谢箱系统,对3只舍饲绵羊24h（有间断）甲烷（CH_4）和二氧化碳（CO_2）日排放特征进行了研究。供试3只甘肃细毛羊体况相近（平均体重为（25±5）kg）,其基础日粮为燕麦干草和玉米精料,粗精比为6∶4。结果表明：供试绵羊CH_4和CO_2的平均排放量分别为11g/d和147g/d,CH_4排放的峰值分别出现在17：00和22：00左右,达0.4217g/h和0.8082g/h,直到0：00降至最小为0.2993g/h;之后趋于平稳,次日8：00左右再次达到排放高峰,排放量为0.6587 g/h。而CO_2在各个测定时间段内差异不显著（p〉0.05）。因此,舍饲条件下绵羊CH_4和CO_2排放量动态（g/m in）变化不同步。由此,推算出舍饲绵羊（25±5）kg年排放CH_4和CO_2总量分别约为4.38 kg和53.66 kg。