880 resultados para 850 Italian, Romanian
Resumo:
Sustainable urban development, a major issue at global scale, will become more relevant according to population growth predictions in developed and developing countries. Societal and international recognition of sustainability concerns led to the development of specific tools and procedures, known as sustainability assessments/appraisals (SA). Their effectiveness however, considering that global quality life indicators have worsened since their introduction, has promoted a re-thinking of SA instruments. More precisely, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), a tool introduced in the European context to evaluate policies, plans, and programmes (PPPs), is being reconsidered because of several features that seem to limit its effectiveness. Over time, SEA has evolved in response to external and internal factors dealing with technical, procedural, planning and governance systems thus involving a shift of paradigm from EIA-based SEAs (first generation protocols) towards more integrated approaches (second generation ones). Changes affecting SEA are formalised through legislation in each Member State, to guide institutions at regional and local level. Defining SEA effectiveness is quite difficult. Its capacity-building process appears quite far from its conclusion, even if any definitive version can be conceptualized. In this paper, we consider some European nations with different planning systems and SA traditions. After the identification of some analytical criteria, a multi-dimensional cluster analysis is developed on some case studies, to outline current weaknesses.
Resumo:
Sustainable urban development, a major issue at global scale, will become more relevant according to population growth predictions in developed and developing countries. Societal and international recognition of sustainability concerns led to the development of specific tools and procedures, known as sustainability assessments/appraisals (SA). Their effectiveness however, considering that global quality life indicators have worsened since their introduction, has promoted a re-thinking of SA instruments. More precisely, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), a tool introduced in the European context to evaluate policies, plans, and programmes (PPPs), is being reconsidered because of several features that seem to limit its effectiveness. Over time, SEA has evolved in response to external and internal factors dealing with technical, procedural, planning and governance systems thus involving a shift of paradigm from EIA-based SEAs (first generation protocols) towards more integrated approaches (second generation ones). Changes affecting SEA are formalised through legislation in each Member State, to guide institutions at regional and local level. Defining SEA effectiveness is quite difficult. Its capacity-building process appears quite far from its conclusion, even if any definitive version can be conceptualized. In this paper, we consider some European nations with different planning systems and SA traditions. After the identification of some analytical criteria, a multi-dimensional cluster analysis is developed on some case studies, to outline current weaknesses.
Resumo:
Airborne particles, including both ultrafine and supermicrometric particles, contain various carcinogens. Exposure and risk-assessment studies regularly use particle mass concentration as dosimetry parameter, therefore neglecting the potential impact of ultrafine particles due to their negligible mass compared to supermicrometric particles. The main purpose of this study was the characterization of lung cancer risk due to exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some heavy metals associated with particle inhalation by Italian non-smoking people. A risk-assessment scheme, modified from an existing risk model, was applied to estimate the cancer risk contribution from both ultrafine and supermicrometric particles. Exposure assessment was carried out on the basis of particle number distributions measured in 25 smoke-free microenvironments in Italy. The predicted lung cancer risk was then compared to the cancer incidence rate in Italy to assess the number of lung cancer cases attributed to airborne particle inhalation, which represents one of the main causes of lung cancer, apart from smoking. Ultrafine particles are associated with a much higher risk than supermicrometric particles, and the modified risk-assessment scheme provided a more accurate estimate than the conventional scheme. Great attention has to be paid to indoor microenvironments and, in particular, to cooking and eating times, which represent the major contributors to lung cancer incidence in the Italian population. The modified risk assessment scheme can serve as a tool for assessing environmental quality, as well as setting up exposure standards for particulate matter.
Resumo:
Characterization of indoor air quality in school classrooms is crucial to childrens health and performance. The present study was undertaken to characterize the indoor air quality in six naturally ventilated classrooms of three schools in Cassino (Italy). Indoor particle number, mass, black carbon, CO2 and radon concentrations, as well as outdoor particle number were measured within school hours during the winter and spring season. The study found the concentrations of indoor particle number were influenced by the concentrations in the outdoors; highest BC values were detected in classrooms during peak traffic time. The effect of different seasons airing mode on the indoor air quality was also detected. The ratio between indoor and outdoor particles was of 0.85 0.10 in winter, under airing conditions of short opening window periods, and 1.00 0.15 in spring when the windows were opened for longer periods. This was associated to a higher degree of penetration of outdoor particles due to longer period of window opening. Lower CO2 levels were found in classrooms in spring (908 ppm) than in winter (2206 ppm). Additionally, a greater reduction in radon concentrations was found in spring. In addition, high PM10 levels were found in classrooms during break time due to re-suspension of coarse particles. Keywords: classroom; Ni/Nout ratio; airing by opening windows; particle number
Resumo:
Digital Image
Resumo:
Digital Image
Resumo:
The concern with the following arguments started during a study of national and international cinemas, from the desire to account for a cinema that internationally was doing well, but was undervalued domestically. The aims were to account for the renewal of Italian filmmaking from 1988, the New Italian cinema, and understand the conditions behind this renewal. The thesis identifies in the historical theme and in the recurrence of features from Italian cinema history elements of coherence with previous cinema production. The first consideration that emerges is that a triangulation between a new generation of filmmakers, their audience and recent history shaped the recovery of Italian cinema from 1988. A second consideration is that no discussion of Italian cinema can be separated from a discussion of that which it represents: Italian society and politics. This representation has not only addressed questions of identity for a cohort of spectators, but on occasions has captured the attention of the international audience. Thus the thesis follows a methodologic approach that positions texts in relation to certain traditions in Italian filmmaking and to the context by taking into consideration also industrial factors and social and historical changes. By drawing upon a range of disciplines, from political history to socio-psychological studies, the thesis has focussed on representation of history and memory in two periods of Italian film history: the first and the last decade of twentieth century. The concern has been not so much to interpret the films, but to understand the processes that made the films and how spectarors have applied their knowledge structures to make meaning of the films. Thus the thesis abstains from ascribing implicit meanings to films, but acknowledges how films project cultural contingencies. This is beacause film is shaped by production conditions and cultural and historical circumstances that make the film intelligible. As Bordwell stated in Making Meaning, "One can do other things with films besides 'reading' them" (1989, p. xiii). Within this framework, the thesis proposes a project that understands history films with the norms that govern Italian filmic output, those norms that regulate conditions of production and consumption and the relation between films from various traditions.
Resumo:
Background Hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome (HCS) is a rare Mendelian condition characterized by bilateral cataract and high levels of serum ferritin in the absence of iron overload. Methods HCS was diagnosed in three adult siblings. In two of them it was possible to assess lens changes initially in 1995 and again in 2013. Serum ferritin, iron, transferrin concentrations and transferrin saturation percentage were also measured, and the Iron Responsive Element (IRE) region of the L-ferritin gene (FTL) was studied. Results Serum ferritin concentrations were considerably elevated while serum iron, transferrin and transferrin saturation levels were within the normal range in each sibling. Cataract changes in our patients were consistent with those previously reported in the literature. Progression of the cataract, an aspect of few studies in this syndrome, appeared to be quite limited in extent. The heterozygous +32G to T (-168G>T) substitution in the IRE of the FTL gene was detected in this family. Conclusions Ophthalmic and biochemical studies together with genetic testing confirmed HCS in three family members. Although the disorder has been extensively described in recent years, little is known regarding cataract evolution over time. In our cases, lens evaluations encompassed many years, identified bilateral cataract of typical morphology and supported the hypothesis that this unique clinical feature of the disease tends to be slowly progressive in nature, at least in adults.
Resumo:
Tiivistelm Maaraportin tavoitteena on luoda yleiskatsaus Italian kolmanteen sektoriin ja tutkimus kohdistuu erityisesti Pohjois-Italiassa sijaitsevan Veneton lnin kolmannen sektorin palvelutuotantoon. Raportissa tarkastellaan erityisesti kolmannen sektorin ja julkisen palvelutuotantosektorin sek julkishallinnon toiminnallisia suhteita. Kolmannen sektorin mahdollisuuksia vastata maaseutualueiden palvelujen tarjonnan haasteisiin on pyritty analysoimaan. Italia on julkishallinnon ja kolmannen sektorin palvelutuotannon kannalta tarkasteltuna nykytilanteessa mielenkiintoinen testilaboratorio koko Euroopan mittakaavassa johtuen maan historiallisista, kulttuuri-sista, kieli- ja maantieteellisist sek itse vestpohjan tarjoamista haasteista. Italiasta ei voida puhua yhden homogeenisen valtioksitteen alla, koska maa toimii kulttuurisista perinteistn johtuen kolmella eri nopeudella. Itse valtio ksitettkin tulkitaan Italiassa monin eri tavoin pohjautuen valtiona nhdyn organisaation kytnnn funktioon sitoutuneena alueellisiin ja kulttuurisiin tekijihin. Teollinen, dynaaminen yritysten varakas Pohjois-Italia henkilityneen Milanoon, hallinnon ja kulttuurin leimaama Keski-Italia kiteytyneen ikuiseen kaupunkiin Roomaan ja Napolin alapuolinen Etel-Italia, joka painii jrjestelmss sisll olevan jrjestelmns kanssa eivt ole koskaan muodos-taneet oikeasti yhtenist Italian valtiota. Italiassa erillisin itsehallinnollisina alueina toimivat lneiksi luettavat Sisilia, Trentino Alto-Adige, Val di Aosta, Sardegna ja Friuli-Venezia Giulia, mik lis hallinnollista kirjavuutta. Viimeisten vuosien aikana Italian julkishallinto on ollut jatkuvassa transitiotilassa yrittessn kohdata uudistumisen vaateita globalisoituvassa maailmassa. Italiassa on meneilln hidas siirtyminen liittovaltiomaiseen jrjestelmn ja jopa syvempn paikallisuuteen. Massiivinen ja raskas julkishallintokoneisto neljll eri tasolla (valtio - lninhallinnolliset alueet - vahvat maakunnat - kunnat) on erittin hankalasti modernisoitavissa, mutta poliittinen tahtotila on vaihtumassa klassista vahvaa keskushallintoa kannattavasta ajattelutavasta hyvksymn federalistisia, alueellisia hallintoratkaisuja. Italiassa on hertty havaitsemaan, ett ongelmien ratkaisu tytyy vied itse alueille ja niiden ihmisille, koska unilateraalinen keskushallinnointitapa ei en vastaa monikerroksisiin, moniulotteisiin alueellisiin haasteisiin. Jokaisella alueella on erilaiset lhtkohdat ongelmien ratkaisuihin mys globalisoitumisen asettamissa yhteisiss haasteissa. Kolmannen sektorin asema arvostettuna italialaisten kansalaispalvelujen tydentjn ja tuottajana alkaa olla nykypiv. Kolmannen sektorin elintrke osuus uusien palvelutarpeiden tunnistamisessa on jo yleisesti tunnustettu tosiasia Italiassa. Vapaaehtoisjrjestt toimivat eturiviss kansalaisten arkipivss ja pystyvt nin kanavoimaan ensimmisin sosiaalista kehityskulkua ja kohottamaan esiin erilaisia marginaalistenkin ryhmien tarpeita sek vastaamaan niihin. Kolmas sektori laajentaa, tuottaa ja paikkaa paikallista julkista palvelutuotantoa. Ratkaiseva askel lainsdnnlliselt kannalta on ollut rahoitusvirtojen ohjaaminen kolmannen sektorin ns. ONLUS-organisaatioille ja ONLUS-statuksen perustaminen vuonna 1997. Italiassa on 60 231.214 asukasta (31.7.2009) ja se on hallinnollisesti jakaantuneena 8 100 kuntaan. Suomessa vastaavat luvut ovat 5 350 712 asukasta ja 348 kuntaa (11/2009). Maantieteelliselt kooltaan Italia ei eroa 301 338 km2:n pinta-alallaan paljonkaan Suomesta (338 424km2). Vestmrn erojen vuoksi Italiassa on keskimrin 199,9 asukasta nelikilometrill ja Suomessa 17,1. Maiden vlinen suora vertailu ei ollut mittakaavaerojen vuoksi jrkev. Kuntien hallinnollinen rooli on Italiassa painotukseltaan erilainen kuin Suomessa. Suomessa kuntien vastuulla oleva sosiaali-, terveydenhuolto- ja koulutoimi eivt ole samassa laajuudessa italialaisten kuntien vastuulla vaan niden toimialojen vastuulliset tahot ovat lnit terveydenhoitopiireineen sek maakuntahallinto koulupiirien osalta. Italialaisten kuntien vastuualueet voivat mys vaihdella mittavasti perustuslaissa mriteltyjen perustoimien lisksi. Tutkimuksen kohteeksi on rajattu Koillis-Italiassa sijaitseva Veneton lnin alue, koska se on vkimrltn lhes yht suuri kuin Suomi, 4 893309 asukasta (31.3.2009). Kuntien lukumr on huimaava 581 kpl. Veneto on maantieteelliselt alueeltaan pieni ja harvaan asuttua maaseutua on pinta-alasta melko niukasti. Pohjoisen osan vuoristoalueet karuine olosuhteineen muodostavat palvelutuotannollisesti haas-teellisen ympristn, joka on verrattavissa suomalaisten maaseutualueiden tilanteeseen. Venetossa on omaksuttu Italian mittakaavassa innovatiivisia ratkaisuja julkishallinnon palvelutuotannon ja kolmannen sektorin toiminnan osalta. Veneton alue on luokiteltu maailman pienyritysintensiivisimmksi alueeksi, mik heijastuu mys alueen palvelutuotantoratkaisuissa. Raportti esittelee ensin Italian hallintoa, keskushallinnon, paikallishallinnon ja tutkimuksen asettelulle olennaisten kolmannen sektorin toimijoiden osalta. Tm on vlttmtnt, sill kolmannen sektorin toiminta on Italiassa hyvin pitklle lainsdnnll ohjattua ja rajattua. Kolmannen sektorin ksitteist, toimijoita, jrjestytymist ja sen toimintaa stelev lainsdnt esitelln tarkemmin. Veneton lnin osalta kolmanteen sektoriin perehdytn sek hallinnon ett toimijakentn nkkulmia tulkiten. Raportin lopussa esitelln kolmannen sektorin palvelutuotantoon ja hallinnointiin liittyvi case-esimerkkitapauksia.
Resumo:
Estuda as caractersticas populacionais, territoriais e socioeconmicas dos futuros Estados de Mato Grosso do Norte e do Araguaia, em conformidade com o proposto pelo Projeto de Decreto Legislativo n 850, de 2001, de autoria do Senador Mozarildo Cavalcanti, que convoca plebiscito sobre a criao do Estado do Araguaia.
Resumo:
Eterio Pajares, Raquel Merino y Jos Miguel Santamara (eds.)
Resumo:
27 p.
