Socio-economic and marketing aspects of Laila and Bottom Long Line fisheries in the Kalpitiya peninsula of Sri Lanka

Surrounding Net Fishery (laila) and Bottom Long Line Fishery which operate in the coastal waters of Kalpitiya Peninsula, compete for the same fish resources, resulting in a fishery dispute between the respective fishermen. Both fisheries target demersal as well as mid pelagic fishes, such as travellys (parava), mullets (galmalu) and barracudas (ulava). As the dispute had an adverse impact on the social harmony in the fishing community of the area, a socio-economic survey was conducted to study the underlying factors and to suggest policy measures to resolve the issue. The laila fishermen were resident fishermen in the Kalpitiya Peninsula while bottom long line fishermen were migratory fishermen from Negombo and Chilaw areas in the west coast of Sri Lanka. The Kalpitiya peninsula is located in the North West coast, some 50 km away from the west coast. Although the educational level and literacy rate of the laila community was below that of the bottom long line community, the laila community was economically better off. The net economic returns from laila fishery were superior to that from bottom long line fishery. The boat owner's and crew's share per operation of laila fishery were Rs.3,736 and Rs.947 respectively. The same figures for bottom long line fishery were Rs.588 and Rs.327 respectively. The resource rent from laila fishery was Rs.5,860, however, and much higher than that for bottom long line fishery (Rs.275), showing that the laila fishery exploits the targeted fish resource at a much higher rate compared to bottom long line fishery. This situation badly affects the equitable distribution of resources between the two fishing communities and results in unequal economic gains. Based on the findings of this study, certain input/output controls are proposed to address this problem, among which is the need to increase license fee for laila fishery units to offset the higher exploitation rate of fish resources.

发光甲虫与生物荧光

生物荧光是活体生物自身可以发光的有趣生命现象.具有这一现象的生物存在于生物四界中,但目前关于这一现象的研究报道主要来自于昆虫,尤其是以萤火虫为代表的发光甲虫的研究.文章对发光甲虫的分类地位、生物荧光发生的原理、发光器官的类型、闪光的"开关"机制、生物荧光的生物学意义及其相关行为学研究进展等进行了详细介绍.此外,还简要提及了荧光生物及其荧光酶的应用.这对了解及探讨生物荧光现象、加强对中国的发光甲虫及其它发光生物的研究及保护利用具有一定的借鉴作用.

野生猕猴应激与抗应激的研究

：本文以野生猕猴为实验对象，以血清皮质 醇含量为指标，研究了野生猕猴 被捕获与给予氯丙嗪、Vc等药物后上述指标的变化。结果 表明：(1)野生猕猴在被捕获 后的1～2周内，血清皮质醇一直维持在一个高水平状态(24.7 8±0.20μg/dl，24.88 ±0.58μg/dl)；(2)氯丙嗪可使动物行为处于一种安静状态， 但 并不降低血清皮质醇水 平(28.73±6.16μg/dl)，(3)Vc可改善动物的精神状态，使血清 皮质醇略低(21.00 ±2.90μg/dl)(P＞0.05)，(4)氯丙嗪和Vc合用后，血清皮质 醇与单独使用氯丙嗪无明显 差异(28.07±4.45μg/dl)。

Managing global network operations along the engineering value chain

Purpose: This paper aims to improve understanding of how to manage global network operations from an engineering perspective. Design/methodology/approach: This research adopted a theory building approach based on case studies. Grounded in the existing literature, the theoretical framework was refined and enriched through nine in-depth case studies in the industry sectors of aerospace, automotives, defence and electrics and electronics. Findings: This paper demonstrates the main value creation mechanisms of global network operations along the engineering value chain. Typical organisational features to support the value creation mechanisms are captured, and the key issues in engineering network design and operations are presented with an overall framework. Practical implications: Evidenced by a series of pilot applications, outputs of this research can help companies to improve the performance of their current engineering networks and design new engineering networks to better support their global businesses and customers in a systematic way. Originality/value: Issues about the design and operations of global engineering networks (GEN) are poorly understood in the existing literature in contrast to their apparent importance in value creation and realisation. To address this knowledge gap, this paper introduces the concept of engineering value chain to highlight the potential of a value chain approach to the exploration of engineering activities in a complex business context. At the same time, it develops an overall framework for managing GEN along the engineering value chain. This improves our understanding of engineering in industrial value chains and extends the theoretical understanding of GEN through integrating the engineering network theories and the value chain concepts. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

着生刚毛藻处理富营养化湖泊水

分别研究了室内和露天条件下在鹅卵石上着生的刚毛藻Cladophora oligoclona对富营养化湖水中氮(N)和磷(P)的净化效果及其对水华藻类生长的抑制能力,同时对处理后湖水的藻类生长潜力进行了测试.结果显示,刚毛藻在原始浓度总氮(TN)10.512 mg/L和总磷(TP)0.856 mg/L的富营养化湖水中能维持正常的生长代谢,并能有效去除水体中的N、P养分.在室内12 d培养期间,刚毛藻对TN、氨氮(NH4-N)、TP和无机磷(PO4-P)的平均去除率分别达53.13%,44.40%,35.71

长薄鳅年龄与生长的研究

在长江上游收集长薄鳅标本,对其年龄与生长进行了研究。以鳞片、耳石、脊椎骨和胸鳍鳍条为年龄鉴定材料。透射光下,鳞片的环沟和辐射沟呈现透明的凹沟。长薄鳅的鳞径与体长呈显著的正相关,回归方程为L=0.4326+82.5738R(n=37,r=0.9899);体长与体重的关系方程为W=4.736×10-3L3.3045(n=37,R2=0.9971);生长方程为L=-1.3189+5.2132t(r=0.9892)。

Molecular characteristics of Camallanus spp. (Spirurida : Camallanidae) in fishes from China based on its rDNA sequences

In the,paper, we explored the intra- and interspecific evolutionary variation among species of Camallanus collected from different fish species in various regions of China. We determined the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) sequences of these nematodes. The divergence (uncorrected p-distance) of ITS 1, ITS2, and ITS rDNA data sets confirmed 2 valid species of Camallanus in China, i.e., C. cotti and C. hypophthalmichthys. The 2 species were distinguished not only by their different morphologies and host ranges but also by a letranucleotide microsatellite (TTGC)n present in the ITS I region of C cotti. Phylogenetic analyses of the nematodes disclosed 2 main clades, corresponding to different individuals of C cotti and C. hypophthalmichthys from different fish species in various geographical locations, although the interior nodes of each clade received poor support.

Influence of coupling between Er3+, nc-Si and nonradiative centers on photoluminescence from Er3+-doped nc-Si/SiO2 films

Con-elation between nc-Si, Er3+ and nonradiative defects in Er-doped nc-Si/SiO2 films is studied. Upon the 514.5 run laser excitation, the samples exhibit a nanocrystal-related spectrum centered at around 750 nm and an Er3+ luminescence line at 1.54mum. With increasing Er3+ content in the films,the Er3+ emission becomes intense while the photoluminescence at 750 nm decreases. Hydrogen passivation of the samples is shown to result in increases of the two luminescence peaks. However, the effect of hydrogen treatment is different for the samples annealed at different temperatures. The experimental results show that the coupling between Er3+, nc-Si and noradiative centers has a great influence on photoluminescence from nc-Si/SiO2 < Er > films.

XACML Admin中的策略预处理研究

根据XACML Admin中访问策略和管理策略混合的特点，提出了一个在PDP中将策略树分割为访问策略树和管理策略树来提高在线判定性能的匹配方案．在此基础上，根据委托的逻辑含义，通过构造委托图，去除管理策略树和访问策略树中的无效节点，从而使在线判定时不考虑引起拒绝服务攻击的无效策略．同时根据目前XACML Admin中模式定义的缺陷，提出了一种改进的模式定义，此模式定义使Delegates能够与XACML核心规范中Subjects，Resources等元素的处理规则保持一致，并能够更加有效地定义管理策略．以上这些方式能够有效地改善在线判定性能和阻止针对请求判定过程的拒绝服务攻击．

Monolithic Integration of a Widely Tunable Laser with SOA Using Quantum-Well Intermixing

This paper presents an SG-DBR with a monolithically integrated SOA fabricated using quantum-well intermixing （QWI） for the first time in mainland China. The wavelength tuning range covers 33nm and the output power reaches 10mW with an SOA current of 50mA. The device can work at available channels with SMSR over 35dB.