Phylogeny of East Asian mitochondrial DNA lineages inferred from complete sequences

The now-emerging mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) population genomics provides information for reconstructing a well-resolved mtDNA phylogeny and for discerning the phylogenetic status of the subcontinentally specific haplogroups. Although several major East Asian mtDNA haplogroups have been identified in studies elsewhere, some of the most basal haplogroups, as well as numerous minor subhaplogroups, were not yet determined or fully characterized. To fill the lacunae, we selected 48 mtDNAs from >2,000 samples across China for complete sequencing that cover virtually all ( sub) haplogroups discernible to date in East Asia. This East Asian mtDNA phylogeny can henceforth serve as a solid basis for phylogeographic analyses of mtDNAs, as well as for studies of mitochondrial diseases in East and Southeast Asia.

Species diversification in coastal aquaculture: production potentials of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with mono and mixed sex tilapia

An experiment of 120 days of culture was conducted in brackishwater earthen ponds having an area of 0.2ha each. The hatchery produced shrimp (Penaeus monodon) post larvae were stocked in the 40m² fine meshed nylon net nursery enclosures were fed with commercial pellet feed. After two weeks of nursing, juveniles were allowed to spread in cultural pond by opening the fence. Fingerlings of three different strain of tilapia were stocked as shrimp and Strain-1 all male (monosex) (T1), shrimp and Strain-2 all male (T2), shrimp and Strain-3 mixed sex population (T3) @ 20.000/ha and 10.000/ha, respectively and shrimp only (monoculture) (T4) @ 20.000/ha. The shrimp and fish were fed with farm made feed consisting of a mixture of fishmeal 29%, MOC 15%, rice bran 30%, soybean meal 16%, wheat flour 9% and vitamin premix 0.1%. The average final weight of shrimp was 24.9±1.13g, 23.41±3.26g and 26.67±1.89g that stocked with tilapia in treatments T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The final average weight of shrimp in monoculture (T4) was 27.41±0.76g, apparently higher but insignificant in treatments. The survival of shrimp was 42.17%, 32.38%, 39.45% and 61.98% in treatments T1 T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The production of shrimp in concurrent culture was 193.67, 154.26 and 210.41kg/ha in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, while in monoculture (T4) was 339.77 kg/ha. The growth and survival of tilapia among the treatments was insignificant. The growth of monosex tilapia ranged 225.29 and 291.31g and survival 62.77 and 72.20% in T1 and T2, respectively, in mixed sex was 193.0g and 83.20% (T3). The production of tilapia monosex strains was 1676.69kg/ha (Strain-2 all male) and 1668.98 kg/ha (Strain-1 all male) while that of Strain-3 mixed sex population was 1622.92 kg/ha.

滇池太湖新银鱼的生长特性与资源量关系的研究

经31个月的连续采样调查,应用Von Bertalanffy生长方程,得到太湖新银鱼1989年和1990年生长方程。据此拟合出体重与种群密度关系W=1.047-0.671 1gC,种群密度与资源量关系F=1999.36C e~(-0.2045C),最终演译出资源量平衡点在1847t。相应体重1.0g/尾;密度指标1.175尾/m~(3);捕捞时间在8月。

不同盐度下水华束丝藻对CO_2浓度倍增的生理响应

本文研究了在盐度分别为2‰和4‰的条件下,CO2浓度倍增对水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae)生长速率、光合活性及光合色素比例与丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明随着盐度的增加水华束丝藻的生长速率和光合活性受到显著抑制,叶绿素a与藻蓝素比例大幅降低,丙二醛含量明显提高。在实验盐度范围内,CO2浓度倍增显著促进水华束丝藻的生长速率和最大光合电子传递速率(ETRmax)与色素比例,而且盐度越高促进效果越明显。此外CO2浓度倍增能显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。从而减少膜脂过氧化,缓解盐度胁迫。

扫描电镜细胞样品制备方法的改进

国家自然科学基金资助项目 (30 170 72 6 ) ; 86 3计划项目 (2 0 0 1AA6 2 6 0 30和 2 0 0 2AA6 2 6 0 10 ) ) ; 中国科学院及其水生生物研究所院创新项 目 (KSCX2 SW 30 2和 2 2 0 313)

武汉东湖南部湖汊的鼓藻类

从1963年9月到1964年12月,作者在武汉东湖南部的湖汊定点采得48号藻类标本,其鼓藻类十分丰富,经鉴定共有20个属,164个种,75个变种和13个变型。其中有2个新种、7个新变种和2个新变型;12个种、25个变种和5个变型是中国的新记录;在四季中出现频率较高的优势种类有11个种和1个变种。在不同季节共6次所采得的鼓藻种类的统计结果得出,在夏季(6月、8月)的种类最多,秋季和冬季(9月、10月、12月)次之,春季(4月)最少。在东湖252个鼓藻类的分类单位中,热带、亚热带类群共有45个,其中的19个是

Friction between carbon fibre reinforced polymers: Experiments and modelling

Carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) are well-known for the excellent combination of mechanical and thermal properties with light weight. However, their tribological properties are still largely uncovered. In this work an experimental study of friction between two CFRP at weak normal load (inferior to 20 N) was performed. Two effects were scrutinuously studied during the experiments: fibre volume friction and fibre orientation. In addition to this experimental work, a modelling of a contact between two FRP was realized. It is supposed that the real area of contact consists of a multitude of microcontacts of three types: fibre-fibre, fibre-matrix and matrix-matrix. The experimental work has shown a small rise in friction coefficient with the change of fibre orientation of two composites from parallel to perpendicular relative to the sliding direction. In parallel, the proposed analytical model predicts a independence of this angle. Regarding the influence of the fibre volume fraction, Vf, the experiments reveal a decrease in friction coefficient of 50% with a change of Vf from 0% to 62%. This observation corresponds to the qualitative dependence depicted with the model. © 2012 EDP Sciences.

An in situ estimate of food consumption by icefish in Lake Chaohu, China

The icefish (Neosalanx taihuensis) of Lake Chaohu, China, foraged almost exclusively on crustacean zooplankton in both spring and summer. The icefish showed diurnal feeding periodicity, with peak feeding in the morning. No food was observed in icefish guts collected at night. Our results indicate that that the icefish was a particulate feeder and light intensity greatly affected its foraging on zooplankton. Daily consumption of zooplankton by icefish varied significantly both diurnally and among seasons, which ranged from 0.22 to 2.23 g (wet weight) per 100 g wet fish weight at temperatures between 16.3 degrees C (spring) and 28.8 degrees C (summer).

Predominant occurrence of apical cell divisions in Oedogoniam pakistanense and its phylogenetic significance

A rare terrestrial species, Oedogonium pakistanense, was first recorded from Hubei Province, south-central China. Morphological characters. including the predominant occurrence of apical cell division and unique lateral apical caps, are described. The growth of the filaments in O. pakistanense from China is usually the result of the repeated divisions of the apical cells and intercalary divisions are rare. It is suggested that this species may represent an evolutionary transition between Oedogonium and Oedocladium, the latter being a terrestrial genus with branched filaments and cell division more often terminal than intercalary.

Molecular cytogenetic detection of paternal chromosome fragments in allogynogenetic gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch

In gynogenesis, sperm from related species activates egg and embryonic development, but normally does not contribute genetically to the offspring. In gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch, however, gynogenetic offspring often show some phenotypes apparently derived from the heterologous sperm donor. This paternal effect of allogynogenesis is outstanding in an artificial clone F produced by cold treatment of clone E eggs after insemination with blunt-nose black bream (Megaloabrama amblycephala Yin) sperm. Karyotype analysis revealed 5-15 supernumerary microchromosomes in different individuals of clone F in addition to 156 normal chromosomes inherited from the maternal clone E. A painting probe was prepared from the microdissected microchromosomes, and used to investigate the origin of these microchromosomes. Strong positive signals were detected on each microchromosomes of clone F and on 4 pairs of chromosomes in blunt-nose black bream, whereas no signals were detected on the chromosomes of clone E. This result indicates that some paternal chromosome fragments of blunt-nose black bream have been incorporated into the artificial clone F. Therefore, the manipulation of allogynogenesis may provide a unique method to transfer DNA between diverse species for fish breeding.

A New Edge-Coupled Two-Terminal Double Heterojunction Phototransistor (ECTT-DHPT) and Its DC Characteristics

A new ECTT-DHPT with InGaAsP(lambda=1.55 mu m) as base and InGaAsP(lambda=1.3 mu m) as collector as well as waveguide was designed and fabricated, the DC characteristics reveal that the ECTT-DRPT can perform good optoelectronic mix operation and linear amplification operation by optically biased at two appropriate value respectively. Responsivity of more than 52A/W and dark current of 70nA (when V-ce=1V) were obtained.