352 resultados para 3S


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Three new bromophenols C-N coupled with nucleoside base derivatives (1-3) and three new brominated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (5-7, together with a new brominated tyrosine derivative (4, have been isolated from polar fractions of an ethanolic extract of the red alga Rhodomela confervoides. By spectroscopic and chemical methods including HRMS and 2D NMR data, their structures were determined as 7-[3-bromo-2-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl]-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione (1), 7-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione (2, 9-[3-bromo-2-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl]adenine (3), (-)-8S-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy)phenylalanine (4), (-)-3S-8-bromo-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (5), methyl (-)-3S-8-bromo-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate (6), and methyl (-)-3S-6-bromo-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate (7). Compounds 5-7 were semisynthesized by using 4 as the starting material.

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Five minor sesquiterpenes (1-5) with two novel carbon skeletons, together with a minor new oplopane sesquiterpene ( 6), have been isolated from the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata. By means of spectroscopic data including IR, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and CD, their structures including absolute configurations were assigned as (+)-(1R, 5S, 6S, 9R)3- acetyl-1-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[4.3.0] non-3-ene ( 1), (+)-(1R, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S, 9R)-3-acetyl-1,4-dihydroxy-6- isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[4.3.0] nonane (2), (+)-(1R, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6S, 9R)-3-acetyl-1,4-dihydroxy-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[ ;4.3.0] nonane ( 3), (+)-(1S, 2R, 6S, 9R)-1-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[4.3.0] non-4-en-3-one (4), (-)-( 5S, 6R, 9S)-2-acetyl-5-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[4.3.0] non-1-en-3-one ( 5), and (-)-( 1S, 6S, 9R)- 4-acetyl- 1-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[ 4.3.0] non-4-en-3-one ( 6). Biogenetically, the carbon skeletons of 1-6 may be derived from the co-occurring cadinane skeleton by different ring contraction rearrangements. Compounds 1-6 were inactive (IC50 > 10 mu g/mL) against several human cancer cell lines.

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Three naturally new sesquiterpenes named 10-hydroxyepiaplysin, 10-hydroxyaplysin and 10-hydroxybromoepiaplysin have been isolated from Laurencia tristicha. On the basis of the spectroscopic techniques their structures were elucidated as (3S, 3 alpha R, 8 beta S)-(-)-2, 3, 3 alpha, 8 beta-tetrahydro-7-bromo-3-hydroxy-3, 3 alpha, 6,8 beta-tetramethyl-1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran, (3R, 3 alpha R, 8 beta S)(-)-2,3,3 alpha, 8 beta-tetrahydro-7-bromo-3-hydroxy-3, 3 alpha,6,8 beta-tetratnethyl-1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran and (3S, 3 alpha R, 8 beta S)-(-)-2, 3,3 alpha,8 beta-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-3,3 alpha,6,8 beta-tetrainethyl-1H-cyclopenta[blbenzofuran, respectively.

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Polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa were isolated and prepared by extraction in hot water and precipitation by ethanol. The water-soluble polysaccharides were chemically well defined, containing 47.0% total carbohydrate, 23.2% uronic acids, 17.1% sulfate groups, 1.0% N and 29.9% ash. Gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that the neutral sugars were mainly composed of rhamnose, xylose and glucose and smaller amounts of mannose, galactose and arabinose. The FTIR and C-13-NMR spectra indicated that basic repeating units of the polysaccharides were (beta-D-GlcpA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3S) and (alpha-L-IdopA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3S). Fifty ICR mice were used to study the effect of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa on the level of plasma lipids, with inositol niacinate as positive control. The results indicated that the polysaccharides significantly lowered the contents of plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and markedly increased the contents of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with the hyperlipidemia control group (p<0.01). Moreover, administration of polysaccharides significantly decreased the atherogenic index. The present results suggest that the polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa have great potential for preventing ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

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卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区是世界著名的荒漠有蹄类自然保护区, 区内有蒙古野驴(E. hemionus)、鹅喉羚(G. subgutturosa)、盘羊(Ovis ammon)以及近期野放的普氏野马(E. przewalski)。经过多年有效保护和管理,区内蒙古野驴及鹅喉羚种群得到恢复并有较大增长。从2006年开始,我们在该保护区开展了蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚的食性构成、社群结构、种群密度、卧息及采食生境利用、季节性栖息地利用等方面的研究。主要结果如下: 采用粪样显微分析技术研究了蒙古野驴、鹅喉羚与家羊、家马和家骆驼3种家养动物春季、秋季和冬季食性组成及食物生态位。结果发现:(1) 该区域的蒙古野驴、鹅喉羚和家畜所采食的植物科数和种数都不相同,针茅、驼绒藜、蒿和梭梭在各自食谱中所占的比例不同, 但蒙古野驴、鹅喉羚和家畜主要采食针茅、驼绒藜、蒿和梭梭;(2) 春季、秋季和冬季这些野生与家养草食动物两两之间的食物生态位重叠均在0.8以上,最低为0.832(冬季:鹅喉羚和家马),最高达到0.986(秋季:蒙古野驴和家羊;秋季:家马和家羊)。五种有蹄类之间的食物生态位重叠度也达到了0.3以上。表明在卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区,上述野生动物及季节性进入该自然保护区的家畜之间均存在食物竞争。冬季积雪深,食物短缺, 荒漠有蹄类易因冻饿及疾病等造成死亡。因此,应采取限制秋冬季进入该自然保护区家畜数量及调整放牧区域等保护管理措施,对该区域荒漠有蹄类实施有效保护。 对蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚的集群行为进行了初步研究。将鹅喉羚或蒙古野驴集群划分为雌性群、雄性群、母仔群、雌雄混群和独羚或独驴5种类型。共统计蒙古野驴556群次,计8235匹次。其中,雌雄混群223群次, 占40%, 为最多的集群类型;其余为雄性群(24%)、独驴(19%)、雌性群(11%)和母仔群(6% )。不同集群大小的比例差异极显著 (P=0.000)。其中2-30匹的集群占69%,独驴占18%,其余为13%。最大集群为266匹。除独驴外,其余4种集群类型的集群大小存在极显著差异。独驴作为一种特殊的集群类型,其占雄性个体的比例达63%,说明雄性个体比雌性更容易形成独驴。观察记录到鹅喉羚1286群次,计9148只次。其中,雌雄混群459群次, 占35%,为最多的集群类型;其余为独羚(18%)、母仔群(18%)、雄性群(17%)和雌性群(12%)。不同大小集群的比例差异极显著(P=0.000),其中2一15头的集群占73%, 16头以上集群占42%,独羚仅占3%,不同集群大小差异也极为显著(P=0.000)。除独羚外,其余4种集群类型的集群大小存在极显著差异。独羚作为一种特殊的集群类型,其雌性个体的比例占到55%,因此, 不能说明雄性比雌性更容易形成独羚。 分四个季节采用截线取样法,用DISTANCE5.0估计了蒙古野驴、鹅喉羚的密度和遇见率。根据DISTANCE5.0计算,该区域春季蒙古野驴种群密度为0.55±0.14匹/km2 (平均数±标准差,下同),夏季为0.60±0.13匹/km2,秋季为0.78±0.19匹/km2和冬季为0.54±0.14匹/km2。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的鹅喉羚种群密度分别为1.14± 0.18头/km2,0.95±0.12头/km2,1.08±0.18头/km2和1.54±0.31头/km2。将这些结果与本区域不同时期及不同地域的蒙古野驴、鹅喉羚密度和遇见率数据进行了比较对比。截线取样法为研究干旱地区的有蹄类动物提供了一种标准方法,本研究结果为卡拉麦里自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚的长期监测提供了基础数据。 采用样方法研究了鹅喉羚夏季和冬季卧息生境选择。夏季测定了49个卧迹样方,36个对照样方;冬季测定了75个卧迹样方,75个对照样方。研究发现,春季鹅喉羚主要选择平滩、下坡位和无坡位、海拔高度910米以上、与水源距离较远、远离道路、远离居民点、隐蔽级高、中低植被密度和中高草本密度的区域作为卧息生境;而冬季则主要选择山坡、阳坡和半阴半阳坡、中上坡位和下坡位、海拔900~1000m范围、离道路501~1000m以及大于2000m的距离、靠近居民点、中低隐蔽级、中厚度(1.1-3cm)雪深、中高植被密度和中高草本密度的区域作为卧息生境。主成分分析表明,卡拉麦里山鹅喉羚夏季季卧息样方前4个主成分的累积贡献率达到86.57%,第1主成分主要反映卧迹样方的植物密度、草本密度、针茅密度、至最近居民点距离、至永久水源最近距离和海拔。冬季该区域鹅喉羚卧息样方前4个主成分的累积贡献率达到73.88%,第1主成分主要反映卧迹样方的植物密度、草本密度、针茅密度和坡度。 通过设立样方研究了蒙古野驴的采食生境。研究发现,夏季和秋季两个季节蒙古野驴主要在平滩和山沟采食。集中在无坡向的平滩、1001m以上的海拔高度、与水源距离较近、远离道路、远离矿区等人类活动点、植被盖度高、草本盖度高、植物多样性高、草本多样性高(P<0.05)的区域采食。主成分分析表明,夏季影响蒙古野驴采食生境选择的环境因子是植物盖度、草本盖度、针茅盖度、植物密度、草本密度、针茅密度、植物种类、草本种类和禾本科种类。秋季影响蒙古野驴采食生境选择的环境因子是海拔、植物盖度、草本盖度、针茅盖度、植物密度、草本密度、针茅密度、植物种类、草本种类和禾本科种类。 利用卡山保护区不同季节野外种群调查数据,以3S技术为手段,评价了蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚季节性栖息地适宜性。首先把各季节蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚分布点图层,分别和固定水源点图层、道路图层、固定冬牧点图层和矿点图层进行叠加和距离查询,用Vanderploeg & Scavia’s选择指数(Ei*)分析了蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚季节性栖息地选择及其主要影响因素,建立了固定水源点、植被、道路、固定冬牧点和矿点对蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚栖息地影响强度的评价标准。通过缓冲区分析,分别研究了固定水源点、道路、固定冬牧点、矿点对蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚季节性栖息地的影响。通过缓冲区分析,综合研究了与人类活动有关的道路、固定冬牧点和矿点因子对蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚季节性栖息地的影响。最后将固定水源点、植被、道路、固定冬牧点和矿点等5个因子结合起来通过地图综合查询研究分析了这些因子对蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚季节性栖息地的综合影响,在固定水源点较适宜以上范围给出了该保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚季节性不同适宜等级的生境面积。 我们建议采取以下积极措施来保护卡山保护区荒漠生态系统多样性以有效保护该区域内栖息的蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚:提高保护区周边社区政府的认识,提高公众参与自然资源和生物多样性保护的意识;加强水源地建设,积极采取飞播等措施,恢复植被,提高栖息生境质量;逐步限制进入卡拉麦里山越冬渡春的家畜数量;严格进入卡山保护区采矿制度,取缔非法矿业;加强草原围栏生态通道建设;与蒙古国合作建立跨国界的国际自然保护区;建立卡山自然保护区自然资源有偿使用机制;开展长期蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚种群监测。

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3S技术为手段,研究了藏羚在青海最主要分布区曲麻莱、治多和可可西里境内藏羚生境状况及其坡度、道路、和居民点对藏羚生境的影响。通过野外考察基本掌握了藏羚的生境的基本特征,取得了考察路线附近区域内藏羚分布的GPS数据及其具有对应的数量、地形地貌、生境类型、人类活动状况等属性数据的藏羚分布点图层。对研究地区LANDSAT TM / ETM+ 5(红)、4(绿)、3(蓝)波段组合影像进行非监督分类,共分出水体和裸岩、沼泽地、沙地、砾石地、低草地、中草地和高草地7种生境类型,将藏羚生境适宜等级划分为不适宜、较差、适宜和非常适宜,其中适宜等级和非常适宜等级的生境类型为藏羚适宜的生境。 首先,将藏羚分布点图层分别和遥感影像假彩色合成图像、坡度图层、道路图层、居民点图层进行叠加分析、距离查询等分析了遥感影像非监督分类的判图依据,设立了坡度、道路、居民点对藏羚生境影响强度的评价原则。然后,通过对研究地区遥感影像进行非监督分类分析研究了藏羚不同适宜程度的生境面积。通过坡度分析和地图查询分析研究了坡度对藏羚生境的影响。通过缓冲区分析研究了道路和居民点对藏羚生境的影响。最后将坡度、道路和居民点三个因素结合起来通过地图综合查询分析研究了这三个因素对藏羚生境的综合影响,并给出了研究地区藏羚不同适宜等级的生境面积。 主要的研究结果和结论如下: 1、从不同类型生境在研究地区中所占比例的趋势上看,治多地区和曲麻莱地区的植被要明显优于可可西里地区,这与整个研究地区从西北到东南地势逐渐降低、水热条件逐渐变好的趋势相一致,至少可以说,从食物条件来看,治多地区和曲麻莱地区比可可西里地区更适于藏羚的栖息。 在曲麻莱地区藏羚的潜在生境面积共26861 km2,占该地区总面积的69%;在治多地区藏羚的潜在生境面积共21617 km2,占该地区总面积的68%;在可可西里地区藏羚的潜在生境面积共26398 km2,占该地区总面积的54%。 2、根据藏羚分布点图层与坡度分析图层的地图查询分析,把藏羚的生境按坡度分为2类,坡度小于等于30度时为适宜生境,坡度大于30度时为不适宜生境。将研究地区坡度栅格图像(grid文件)和非监督分类结果栅格图像(grid文件)进行地图查询分析,结果表明,在整个研究地区坡度大于30度的生境面积所占的比例不到总面积的3%,坡度影响下研究地区藏羚适宜栖息的生境面积变化不大。考虑到坡度的影响,曲麻莱、治多和可可西里适合藏羚栖息的面积分别为26663 km2(68%)、21187 km2(66%)和26350 km2(54%)。 3、根据最近原则连接藏羚分布点图层与道路图层空间数据,通过Distance综合查询分析,把道路对藏羚的影响程度划分为4个等级:距离道路0-1000m,强烈影响;距离道路1000-2000m,中度影响;距离道路2000-3000m,轻度影响;距离道3000m以外,无影响。然后在ArcView GIS 3.2a软件环境的支持下对研究地区的道路图层分别做距离道路为1000m、2000m和3000m的缓冲区分析研究,则曲麻莱、治多和可可西里地区藏羚生境受道路累计影响的面积及其分别占各研究地区总面积的比例分别为20215 km2(51.80%)、19480 km2(61%)和4437 km2(9 %)。考虑道路对藏羚生境的影响,在治多和曲麻莱地区,由于道路的影响将使得藏羚生境大面积丧失,生境高度破碎化。 4、根据最近原则连接藏羚分布点图层与居民点图层空间数据,通过Distance综合查询分析,把居民点对藏羚的影响程度划分为4个等级:距离居民点0-3000m,强烈影响;距离居民点3000-6000m,中度影响;距离居民点6000-9000m,轻度影响;距离居民点9000m以外,无影响。然后在ArcView GIS 3.2a软件环境的支持下对研究地区的居民点图层分别做距离居民点距离为3000m、6000m和9000m的缓冲区分析。曲麻莱、治多和可可西里地区藏羚生境受居民点影响的面积及其分别占总面积的比例分别为11282 km2(29%)、15258 km2(48%)和3846 km2(8%)。从居民点对藏羚生境的影响看,由于居民点的影响使得治多和曲麻莱地区,尤其是治多地区,藏羚生境大面积丧失,生境高度破碎化。 5、人类活动(主要是道路和居民点)对藏羚生境适宜生境面积的影响是研究中主要的内容,鉴于道路和居民点对藏羚生境影响的评价原则分类方法一致,我们把道路和居民点对藏羚的影响程度合并为4个等级(距离道路0-1000m内或距离居民点0-3000m内,强烈影响;距离道路1000-2000m内或距离居民点3000-6000m内,中度影响;距离道路2000-3000m内或距离居民点6000-9000m内,轻度影响;距离道路3000m以外或距离居民点9000m以外,无影响,对道路和居民点相应距离的缓冲区分析图层进行合并等操作,测定曲麻莱、治多和可可西里地区藏羚生境受人类活动影响的面积及其占总面积的比例分别为21595 km2(55%)、22271 km2(70%)和4775 km2(10%)。 在治多和曲麻莱地区,由于人类活动的影响使得藏羚生境大面积丧失,生境高度破碎化,尤其是治多地区,影响面积达将近70%。在可可西里地区,10%的影响面积虽然不是太大,但是近几年来由于各种形式的旅游日趋升温,尤其是青藏铁路建设开通,将增加道路对藏羚生境的影响程度。人类活动影响在研究地区分布极不平均,在曲麻莱的中东部、治多的东部以及可可西里的109国道附近人类活动影响的强度较大,在这些地区藏羚的生存条件恶劣,甚至部分地区已经不适合藏羚栖息了。 6、最后,基于研究地区的坡度grid图层、非监督分类grid图层以及不同程度人类活动影响的grid图层,对不同坡度、道路和居民影响的生境面积进行综合查询分析。把人类活动对藏羚生境的影响强度重新划分为如下3个等级,A、短距离影响,距离道路1000m或距离居民点3000m范围内的影响,也就是人类活动的强烈影响;B、中距离影响,距离道路2000m或距离居民点6000m范围内的影响,也就是人类活动的强烈影响和中度影响之和;C、长距离影响,距离道路3000m或距离居民点9000m范围内的影响,也就是人类活动的强烈影响、中度影响和轻度影响的总和。曲麻莱、治多和可可西里研究地区中坡度小于等于30度并且人类活动长距离范围影响下藏羚适合栖息的生境面积及占相应研究地区总面积的比例为12597 km2(32%)、6117km2(19%)和23564km2(48%)。 在研究地区,治多地区人类活动对藏羚生境适宜性的影响最为严重,其次为曲麻莱地区,而可可西里地区的人类活动影响较小。尤其是治多地区和曲麻莱地区,当人类活动的影响最大距离时,治多地区藏羚适宜生境面积竟然不到总面积的1/5,曲麻莱地区不到1/3。这两地区人类活动主要集中在东部,导致治多东部地区和曲麻莱中东部地区几乎没有藏羚分布。于是,由于人类活动的影响,使得拥有良好生境条件的治多和曲麻莱地区适合藏羚栖息的生境却较少,而生境条件相对较差的可可西里地区反而拥有相对较多的适合藏羚栖息的生境。

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吐哈盆地位于哈萨克斯坦板块的东端,与邻国盛产可地浸砂岩型铀矿的中新生代盆地处于统一类型的板块,同属中亚构造-成矿域。吐哈盆地也是我国可地浸砂岩型铀矿的第二个勘查基地。对吐哈盆地砂岩型铀矿的主要含矿建造-中下侏罗统水西沟群沉积体系类型的研究,将有助于区内对砂岩型铀矿成矿和容矿的主要沉积建造的地质认识。而对含矿主岩的地质地球化学研究,则能为区内砂岩型铀矿的成矿作用研究提供依据。在对吐哈盆地形成演化历史分析的基础上,通过对早中侏罗世盆地沉积建造的资料综合、野外调查和室内研究,针对可地浸砂岩型铀矿的地质特征、形成条件等,围绕建造-构造、构造-改造、改造-成矿作用的关系等问题,从区域地质构造背景、沉积体系类型分析和构造变形特征等宏观研究入手,到对钻孔岩芯的微观分析研究,特别是在对十红滩铀矿区的重点解剖的基础上,结合光谱信息提取与增强技术的应用,甄别含矿建造的地质特征及其时空分布格局,对吐哈盆地砂岩型铀矿主含矿岩系的沉积体系类型及其地球化学特征的研究得到以下认识: 1. 吐哈盆地中下侏罗统水西沟群的沉积体系类型包括:冲积扇沉积、辫状河沉积、辫状三角洲沉积系和湖泊沉积。而吐哈盆地十红滩铀矿区砂岩型铀矿的含矿主岩的沉积体系类型则为源自南部觉罗塔格山的辫状三角洲沉积体系。 吐哈盆地十红滩铀矿区砂岩型铀矿的含矿主岩是在盆地短轴方向上的局部性水动力条件和沉积环境下形成的一套以近源短距离搬运形成的粗碎屑沉积建造。这套建造及其沉积体系类型与整个湖盆地的泛湖沉积作用在时间和空间上发生叠置。正是因为不同沉积体系类型在时间和空间上发生叠置,从而导致中下侏罗统的地层总体走向与砂砾岩等粗碎屑沉积体的整体走向有显著的差异。沉积建造的这种空间展布格局对砂岩型铀矿的形成具有重要的控制作用。总体上,这一特点决定了与砂岩型铀矿成矿作用有关的含铀流体的运移方向、规模和铀成矿作用的区域分布和空间展布。 2. 鉴于吐哈盆地中下侏罗统不同沉积体系类型的区域分布和空间展布特征,以及内陆沉积盆地的沉积作用具有相似的沉积格局,建议在查明有利于砂岩型铀矿成矿的砂体所属沉积体系类型的基础上,按沉积体系类型划分沉积单元进行地层的划分与对比,将这一方法运用于内陆沉积盆地的地层划分对比,便于对砂岩型铀矿成矿的最基本控制因素“砂体”的宏观控制,从而为砂岩铀矿成矿作用分析、区域成矿预测和资源勘查提供直接依据。因此,正确区分泛湖水动力体系的区域性沉积系统及其沉积体系和局部性水动力体系的局域性沉积系统及其沉积体系,不仅具有地层学上的意义,更具有实际应用价值。 3. 吐哈盆地艾丁湖斜坡带中下侏罗统的构造变形特征存在明显的空间差异。主要表现为:在横向上,沿艾丁湖斜坡带由东往西不同地段构造形迹不同;在纵向上,不同层位的变形特点各异。总体表现为:以十红滩铀矿区为中心,往东以水西沟群上部第三岩性段(J2x3)的构造反转、逆冲而出现断裂构造为主。中部十红滩一带以水西沟群下部第一层位(J2x1)的宽缓褶皱为主。往西以西山窑组中部第二岩性段(J2x2)较为强烈的地层褶皱为特征。说明中下侏罗统形成之后,遭受过区域性的构造改造。 4. 对钻孔砂岩样品的岩石学研究和显微构造观察表明,十红滩铀矿区含矿砂体最为常见的碎屑有石英、长石(钾长石为主,少量斜长石)、云母以及花岗质岩屑、变质岩岩屑、少量火山岩岩屑,偶见沉积岩岩屑;砂岩中的填隙物主要有高岭石、水云母、绿泥石以及碳酸盐类矿物和少量铁质矿物。胶结物通常为碳酸盐、硅质及一些铁质物质。胶结类型主要有基底式胶结、孔隙式胶结和压嵌式三种类型。且砂岩中存在多期次构造-流体改造的迹象。在整体上,含矿砂体与无矿砂体构造-流体改造的类型相近,但其改造程度各不相同。含矿砂体主要表现为微构造裂隙发育,并有多期次硅质、碳酸盐充填和交代、溶蚀现象。含有石英、高岭石、绿泥石等新生矿物;不含矿砂体则以绿泥石化普遍,碳酸盐化作用强为主要特征。 样品中的蚀变矿物出现微晶黑云母、绿泥石-绿帘石-石英共生矿物组合,出现脆韧性显微构造变形等,预示这套含矿建造曾经遭受过一定程度的构造热变质作用。 5. 钻孔岩芯砂岩样品的稀土、微量元素地球化学特征表明,十红滩铀矿区的砂岩具有统一的物质来源。其稀土配分型式与蚀源区花岗质岩石的稀土配分型式相似。区域氧化作用造成砂体矿物蚀变的同时,也造成砂岩中稀土元素的分馏,且氧化蚀变越强,稀土元素的分馏作用也越明显。与晚元古代黑色页岩平均值相比,十红滩铀矿床钻孔中砂岩Zr和Hf的含量普遍偏高,特别是Hf,大部分样品中的Hf含量均高于晚元古代黑色页岩平均值。 zk32-11-2、zk96-4、zk96-7、zk80-6四个钻孔岩芯的砂岩样品稀土元素特征值δEu,在不同深度的各砂岩中变化较大。无论是单孔还是在钻孔之间,δEu值都表现为跳跃式的变化,且整体上分流河道砂岩中δEu值偏低。相对于δEu值,δCe和TE(1,3)值似乎表现出一定的变化规律。总体上表现为在与泥岩、泥质粉砂岩呈互层产出的三角洲前缘砂岩中,具有较为相近的δCe和TE(1,3)值。而分流河道砂体的δCe和TE(1,3)值相对变化较大,且整体上数值偏小。这些样品稀土元素特征值δEu、δCe和TE(1,3)所表现出的特点与砂体的沉积体系类型分析以及相应的岩石学特点基本吻合。说明不同沉积系统的各类沉积体系,不仅在时空展布上存在差异,砂体的结构及物质组成也存在一定的差异。 6. 根据中下侏罗统不同沉积体系类型在吐哈盆地全域范围的时空配置以及遥感地学的区域氧化还原条件分析,并与十红滩铀矿区相比较,吐哈盆地西部阿拉沟口、柯尔碱一带和了敦隆起西缘的鄯善-小草湖一带,具有和十红滩铀矿区类似的沉积历史、建造特征和区域氧化-还原条件,可以作为进一步开展砂岩型铀矿成矿预测和资源勘查的地段。 7.吐哈盆地的砂岩型铀矿与中亚各国重要的可地浸砂岩型铀矿在盆地类型、含矿主岩的沉积体系、含矿主岩的时代等方面有一定的差异,而其盆地类型及含矿主岩的沉积体系与美国怀俄明地区的可地浸砂岩型铀矿,特别是温得河盆地的砂岩型铀矿的特点较为相似。 8. 遥感信息提取和地学分析,可以提供区域性氧化-还原环境的区域分布信息,甚至可以为寻找潜在有利含矿砂体的空间展布提供依据;借助GIS平台,充分利用3S技术的集成与应用,可望为北方干旱地区可地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿条件分析、远景预测和找矿靶区的快速圈定乃至进行资源勘查的实际工作部署提供新的可操作技术平台。 在取得这些认识的同时,也深感还有不少问题需要进一步补充工作和深入探讨。特别是有关砂岩型铀矿的矿物学和地球化学方面尚有许多现象目前还不能给予很好的解释;对于存在的多次构造-流体的改造作用机理、多期次构造-流体活动之间的相互联系及其与铀矿化的关系;对流体的性质、来源和流体与砂体之间的相互作用关系等还有大量工作需要补充和深入。虽然已获得大量有关砂岩的稀土、微量元素的数据,但对这些数据的处理方法有限,对于其反映的与区内砂岩型铀矿成矿作用有关的信息有待进一步挖掘。另外,由于未能采集到砂岩铀矿的矿石样品,针对铀矿床方面的工作未能开展。

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Effective collision strengths for transitions among the lowest 97 fine-structure levels belonging to the (1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)) 3s(2)3p(2), 3s3p(3), 3s(2)3p3d, 3p(4), 3s3p(2)3d and 3s(2)3d(2) configurations of Fe XIII have been calculated using the fully relativistic Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code (DARC) of Norrington & Grant (2004). Resonances have been resolved in the threshold region, and results are reported over a wide electron temperature range up to log T-e = 6.8 K. Comparisons are made with the earlier available R-matrix results of Gupta & Tayal (1998), and the accuracy of the data is assessed.

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Collision strengths for 4005 transitions among the lowest 90 levels of the (1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)) 3s(2)3p(5), 3s3p(6), 3s(2)3p(4)3d, 3s3p(5)3d and 3s(2)3p(3)3d(2) configurations of Fe X have been calculated using the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code (DARC) of Norrington & Grant, over a wide energy range up to 210 Ryd. Resonances have been resolved in the threshold region, and effective collision strengths have been obtained over a wide temperature range up to 107 K. The present calculations should represent a significant improvement ( in both range and accuracy) over the earlier available results of Bhatia & Doschek and Pelan & Berrington. Based on several comparisons, the accuracy of our data is assessed to be better than 20%, for a majority of transitions.

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Energies of the 54 levels belonging to the (1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)) 3s(2)3p(5), 3s3p(6), 3s(2)3p(4)3d and 3s3p(5)3d configurations of Fe X have been calculated using the GRASP code of Dyall et al. (1989). Additionally, radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths are calculated for all electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions among these levels. Comparisons are made with results available in the literature, and the accuracy of the data is assessed. Our energy levels are estimated to be accurate to better than 3%, whereas results for other parameters are probably accurate to better than 20%. Additionally, the agreement between measured and calculated lifetimes is better than 10%.

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Energy levels and radiative rates for transitions among the lowest 97 fine-structure levels belonging to the (1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6)) 3 s(2) 3p(2), 3s3p(3), 3s(2) 3p3d, 3p(4), 3s3p(2) 3d and 3s(2) 3d(2) configurations of Fe XIII have been calculated using the fully relativistic GRASP code. Additionally, collision strengths for transitions among these levels have been computed using the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code (DARC) of Norrington & Grant (2004). Radiative rates and oscillator strengths are tabulated for all allowed transitions among the 97 fine-structure levels, while collision strengths are reported for some transitions at a few energies above thresholds. Comparisons are made with the available results, and the accuracy of the data is assessed.

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Collision strengths for transitions among the lowest 48 fine- structure levels belonging to the (1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)) 3s(2)3p(4), 3s3p(5), 3s(2)3p(3)3d and 3p(6) configurations of Fe XI have been calculated using the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code (DARC) of Norrington & Grant (2003). Results are tabulated at energies above thresholds in the range 10 less than or equal to E less than or equal to 100 Ry, although resonances have been resolved in a fine energy mesh in the thresholds region. Effective collision strengths, obtained after integrating the collision strengths over a Maxwellian distribution of electron velocities, are also tabulated over a wide electron temperature range below 5 x 10(6) K. Comparisons with other available results are made, and the accuracy of the present data is assessed.

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Energy levels and radiative rates for transitions among 107 fine-structure levels belonging to the (1s(2)2S(2)p(6)) 3S(2)3p(6)3d(10), 3S(2)3p(6)3d(9)4e. 3S(2)3p(5)3d(10)4e. and 3s3p(6)3d(10)4e configurations of Ni-like Gd XXXVII have been calculated using the fully relativistic GRASP code. Radiative rates and oscillator strengths are tabulated for all allowed transitions among these levels. Additionally. collision strengths for transitions among the lowest 59 levels have been computed using the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code. Resonances in the threshold region have been delineated, but results for collision strengths are tabulated only at energies above thresholds in the range 120

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Energy levels and radiative rates for transitions among the 107 finestructure levels belonging to the (1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)) 3s(2)3p(6)3d(10), 3s(2)3p(6)3d(9)4l, 3s(2)3p(5)3d(10)4l, and 3s3p(6)3d(10)4l configurations of Ni-like ions with 60 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 90 have been calculated using the GRASP code. The collision strengths (Omega) have also been computed for transitions in Gd XXXVII at energies below 800 Ryd, using the DARC code. Resonances have been resolved in a fine energy mesh in the threshold region, and excitation rate coefficients have been calculated for transitions from the ground level to excited levels at temperatures below 2500 eV. These have been compared with those available in the literature, and enhancement in the values of rates, due to resonances, has been observed up to an order of magnitude for some of the transitions.

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Recent R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates among the 3s(2)3p(4) levels of Cl II are used to derive the nebular emission-line intensity ratios R-1=I(6161.8 Angstrom)/I(8578.7 Angstrom) and R-2=I(6161.8 Angstrom)/I(9123.6 Angstrom) as a function of electron temperature (T-e) and density (N-e). The ratios are found to be very sensitive to changes in T-e but not N-e for densities lower than 10(5) cm(-3). Hence, they should, in principle, provide excellent optical T-e diagnostics for planetary nebulae. The observed values of R-1 and R-2 for the planetary nebulae NGC 6741 and IC 5117, measured from spectra obtained with the Hamilton echelle spectrograph on the 3 m Shane Telescope, imply temperatures in excellent agreement with those derived from other diagnostic lines formed in the same region of the nebula as [Cl II]. This provides some observational support for the accuracy of the [Cl II] line ratio calculations and hence the atomic data on which they are based. The [Cl II] 8578.7 and 9123.6 Angstrom lines are identified for the first time (to our knowledge) in a high-resolution spectrum of the symbiotic star RR Telescopii, obtained with the University College London Echelle Spectrograph on the 3.9 m Anglo- Australian Telescope. However, the 6161.8 Angstrom feature is unfortunately too weak to be identified in the RR Telescopii observations, consistent with its predicted line strength.