The first canine visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Campinas, State of São Paulo Southeastern Brazil

Introduction Early detection of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) outbreak in animals is crucial for controlling this disease in non-endemic areas. Methods Epidemiological surveillance (2009-2012) was performed in Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Results In 2009, Leishmania chagasi was positively identified in four dogs. Entomological research and three serological studies (2010-2012) were undertaken as monitoring measures; these approaches revealed a moderate prevalence of Leishmania present in 4% of the canine population. Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia longipalpis were the predominant species identified. Conclusions Detection of an AVL outbreak in dogs in an area with an evolving natural landscape containing sand flies is crucial for control programs.

ღრმა და ყოვლისმომცველი თავისუფალი სავაჭრო სივრცის (DCFTA) პერსპექტივა - არსებობს თუ არა ევროპული გზა საქართველოსთვის?

ღრმა და ყოვლისმომცველი თავისუფალი სავაჭრო სივრცის (DCFTA) შესახებ მიმდინარე მოლაპარაკებები ევროკავშირისა და საქართველოს ურთიერთობების დღევანდელი დღის წესრიგის მნიშვნელოვან საკითხს წარმოადგენს. DCFTA-თან დაკავშირებული პოლიტიკური დიალოგი საქართველოს მთავრობასა და ევროკომისიას შორის 2008 წლის აგვისტოს ომის შემდეგ მალევე დაიწყო იმ მიზნით, რომ DCFTA-ის შესახებ ოფიციალური მოლაპარაკებები ევროკავშირის მიერ საქართველოსთვის წინაპირობად წაყენებული სტრუქტურული და პოლიტიკური რეფორმების გატარების შემდეგ გაიხსნებოდა. 2010 წლის დასაწყისში ოფიციალური თბილისი ამტკიცებდა, რომ ევროკომისიის წინაპირობების დაკმაყოფილების თვალსაზრისით ქვეყანამ მნიშვნელოვან პროგრესს მიაღწია. თუმცა, ევროკომისიამ ოფიციალური მოლაპარაკებების დაწყება 2012 წლის იანვრისათვის მაინც გადადო და DCFTA საქართველოსთან მომავალი ასოცირების შეთანხმების (რომელიც თავის მხრივ, დიდი მიზნების მქონე, ამბიციურ და მაშასადამე, მოცულობით დოკუმენტს წარმოადგენს) განუყოფელ ნაწილად გამოაცხადა.

Building a Transition Community

Footprints is developing a Transition Community Initiative which will be another distinct area of work within the Healthy Living Project, as part of the group's ongoing endeavours to influence change within the Colin community, tackling health inequalities. The Building a Transition Community Initiative oversees the development of the grounds at Footprints Women's Centre and offers food growing training to local residents who will be encouraged to volunteer in the garden. A local gardener has been hired and oversees the development and training of the volunteers. The project will grow fruit and vegetables within the grounds of Footprints Women's Centre and this produce will be used within the Footprints Catering Services. Any supplies surplus to requirements will be used in schools in the neighbourhood. Skills learned by the volunteers will also be transferred to their gardens at home throughout the Colin neighbourhood. The aim is also to demonstrate how participation in this project will increase and improve the physical activity levels and mental wellbeing of residents. Part of theDemonstration Programme 2010-2012 Initiative Type Community Food Growing Projects Location Antrim Target Groups Women Partner Agencies safefood

Food Garden Project

The Food Garden Project is unique in bringing these two community groups together to work towards enhancing the participants' understanding of nutrition, healthy eating and self-sufficiency through growing fruit and vegetables and developing cookery skills. The Food Garden Projectâ?Ts aim is to support participants to grow, prepare and cook a range of fruit and vegetables throughout the year. There is also an emphasis on transferring these skills to their home life. The aim of the Food Garden Project is to support very marginalised and vulnerable individuals to grow, prepare and cook a range of healthy organic fruit and vegetables throughout the year. There is an emphasis on transferring these skills to their home life. A support worker and a cookery instructor assist the participants in learning how to grow produce and prepare healthy meals using the food products harvested from their community garden.   Part of theDemonstration Programme 2010-2012 Initiative Type Community Food Growing Projects Nutrition Education and Training Programmes Location Louth Target Groups Homeless people People with physical sensory and intellectual disability

Limerick Seed to Plate

The aim of the project is to address an identified need in the community, promoting healthy eating and organic home-gardening practices. Building on the success of a pilot intergenerational project entitled "Through the Years", it became apparent that gardening related activities could be implemented and promoted on a larger scale, reaching the wider community, groups and classes. The project serves as a setting for community education and will be inclusive in helping reduce isolation by providing meeting places for all members of their local communities. Key people being targeted are older people, local families and residents, Limerick Youth Service, After School Clubs, the Garda Youth Diversion Project and the Family Resource Centre. The Limerick Seed to Plate works with gardeners whose primary focus is to develop the gardening projects further. There is a strong educational emphasis to the project and the learning is transferred to participants own homes and lifestyles. Southill has a community café and, where possible, food grown in their garden is showcased and cooked in the centre and café. The Community Food Initiative strengthens the existing healthy eating habits in the community and aims to result in increased long-term health benefits arising from a healthier lifestyle. Communities will benefit from the project which will create employment, build bridges between communities, promote social inclusion and provide a focus for the local areas. Part of theDemonstration Programme 2010-2012 Location Limerick Target Groups At risk youth Children ( 4-12 years) Children (0-4 years) Children (13-18 years) Families Lone parents Low income families Men Migrant, minority ethnic groups Older people Travellers Unemployed Women

Food for Life

The Bogside & Brandywell Health Forum (Healthy Living Centre) delivers a range of healthy eating programmes including demonstration and practical cooking activities as well as education based activities and information. Food for life brings together a range of community and statutory workers who are tasked with the improvement of health within the local community. They provide a range of programmes and activities that provide knowledge and practical skills in the preparation of a healthy diet. The target audience will be children, teenagers, families & older people from the target Neighbourhood Renewal area of Triax in Derry city. To keep building on existing work and development of best practiceTo strengthen links with groups tasked with improving the health of the community within the target areaTo help reduce instances of obesity in childrenTo help reduce nutrition-linked illnesses such as diabetesTo delivery various programmes throughout the community; offering training and advice on healthy eating and living Part of theDemonstration Programme 2010-2012 Initiative Type Nutrition Education and Training Programmes Location Derry/Londonderry

KASI Community Garden

KASI acquired a site from Killarney Parish for a community garden project. The community garden provides a form of activity through volunteerism for asylum seekers in direct provisions who are not allowed to work. The participants will focus on growing crops and developing the garden which will facilitate interaction between the target groups and local communities in a very holistic and organic manner of working together, sharing and exchanging ideas, skills, crops, food and culture. KASI is developing a community garden on the outskirts of Killarney town. The sedentary lifestyle in direct provisions can cause isolation, depression and other mental health issues for asylum seekers. The community garden project provides a space for migrant workers and their families (most of whom live in flats and apartments and do not have access to a garden space) to grow their own crops. The community garden project will provide training on organic gardening, nutrition, healthy eating habits,cooking on a budget, cookery demonstrations and an opportunity for participants to exchange skills, knowledge, recipes and food. In addition, the project will enable locals to get information on nutritional values of herbs and authentic, healthy ethnic recipes. This initiative could also facilitate KASI influencing the diets and menu in direct provision centres. KASI will open a social space for training and cookery demonstrations for target groups and locals. Part of theDemonstration Programme 2010-2012 Initiative Type Community Food Growing Projects Location Kerry Target Groups Migrant, minority ethnic groups

Estudio comparativo de la respuesta inflamatoria peritoneal en la gastrectomía por cáncer: abordaje abierto frente abordaje laparoscópico.

Introducción Estudios en colecistectomías y cáncer colorrectal demostraron que la laparoscopia genera menor respuesta inflamatoria sistémica. Escasos trabajos en cáncer gástrico evalúan el impacto inflamatorio en laparoscopia y emplean metodología deficiente. Hipótesis Demostrar mediante el estudio de tejido peritoneal la menor respuesta inflamatoria(protein-arrays) en pacientes gastrectomizados por laparoscopia vs. vía abierta. Material y métodos 26 pacientes: laparoscópica (12) vs. abierta (14); 2010-2012. Resultados Basados en TNF muestran incremento similar de respuesta a la agresión quirúrgica (aunque hubo diferencias en valores finales en ambos abordajes). Conclusiones Resultados preliminares apuntan hacia conclusiones estadísticamente significativas que apoyen nuestra hipótesis: menor respuesta inflamatoria en laparoscopia y correlación con datos clínicos.

Positive deviance study to inform a Chagas disease control program in southern Ecuador

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is mainly transmitted by the faeces of triatomine insects that find favourable environments in poorly constructed houses. Previous studies have documented persistent triatomine infestation in houses in the province of Loja in southern Ecuador despite repeated insecticide and educational interventions. We aim to develop a sustainable strategy for the interruption of Chagas disease transmission by promoting living environments that are designed to prevent colonisation of rural houses by triatomines. This study used positive deviance to inform the design of an anti-triatomine prototype house by identifying knowledge, attitudes and practices used by families that have remained triatomine-free (2010-2012). Positive deviants reported practices that included maintenance of structural elements of the house, fumigation of dwellings and animal shelters, sweeping with "insect repellent" plants and relocation of domestic animals away from the house, among others. Participants favoured construction materials that do not drastically differ from those currently used (adobe walls and tile roofs). They also expressed their belief in a clear connection between a clean house and health. The family's economic dynamics affect space use and must be considered in the prototype's design. Overall, the results indicate a positive climate for the introduction of housing improvements as a protective measure against Chagas disease in this region.

Abcès du sein: privilégier la ponction-aspiration échoguidée [Ultrasonography-guided drainage should be considered as the first-line approach for breast abscesses treatment].

The abscesses of the breast are puerperal or non puerperal. The Staphylococcus aureus is the most common germ. The diagnosis is based on clinical criterias and confirmed by the ultrasonography. The percutaneous ultrasonography-guided drainage must be proposed in first intent to treat. Surgical treatment is still valid with a relapsing or chronic abscess, or after the non operative processes have failed.

A imprensa escrita e a cobertura dos conflitos entre gangues de rua em Cabo Verde

Com o aumento da violência de rua, no início do século XXI, e a construção da agenda política da violência urbana em 2010, Cabo Verde tornou-se num Estado policial, fazendo com que discussões sobre os direitos humanos começassem a ser promovidas na imprensa escrita. Por outro lado, nas plataformas online, começaram a surgir comentários criticando as atitudes dos jovens associados à violência, abrindo discussões sobre a liberdade de imprensa e o direito de informação. Tendo como referência o triênio 2010-2012 e a cobertura noticiosa dos conflitos entre gangues de rua e da acção policial, este artigo pretende identificar e compreender a dinâmica da imprensa escrita relativamente às questões dos direitos humanos, da liberdade de imprensa e do direito de informação em Cabo Verde.

Descripción del desarrollo gonadal de Mesodesma Donacium (bivalvia: Mesodesmatidae), durante el periodo 2006 - 2014, en el litoral de Tacna

Mesodesma donacium (Lamarck, 1818), ha disminuido su abundancia durante los últimos 30 años, debido a los eventos El Niño más recientes y a la sostenida extracción sin medidas de control, lo que generado repercusiones sobre los grupos de pescadores que se dedicaban únicamente a la extracción de este recurso. Para lograr una recuperación y administración sostenible de este recurso, se requiere actualizar conocimientos biológicos básicos en temas reproductivos como el desarrollo gonadal y su variación estacional, talla de primera madurez, periodos de desove y proporción sexual. Esta información no ha sido publicada en el Perú luego de los eventos El Niño de 1982 – 83 y 1997 – 98, por lo que la investigación a realizar está destinada a aportar y fortalecer el conocimiento sobre estos aspectos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el desarrollo gonadal de M. donacium que se distribuye desde Cerro Cortado por el norte (18º10´3´´S, 70º40´5´´W) hasta Santa Rosa por el sur (18º20´56´´S, 70º22´47´´W), Tacna, durante el periodo 2006 – 2014. El estudio se basó en el análisis histológico de 2503 muestras de gónadas, colectadas durante 32 meses. Se determinó la proporción sexual para los meses de estudio y se describió la ovogénesis y espermatogénesis, confirmando a la especie como dioica con reproducción de tipo parcial. Además, se realizó la descripción de una escala de madurez gonadal por procesamiento histológico y teniendo como base esta escala, se estableció una escala de madurez gonadal por frotis. Se halló la frecuencia de estadios de madurez gonadal y el índice de actividad reproductiva por estación, utilizando la información obtenida luego del análisis histológico. Se encontró que la proporción sexual fue 1:1 en los meses de mayor actividad reproductiva, sin embargo, existió una predominancia significativa de machos en otoño del 2010, 2012 y verano del 2012, 2014, estaciones en las que existió un elevado porcentaje de organismos indiferenciados y en estadio V (recuperación/ post expulsión). En la nueva escala de madurez, realizada por procesamiento histológico, se consideraron seis estadios: virginal (0), reposo (I), en maduración (II), maduro (III), desovante/ expulsante (IV) y recuperación/ post expulsante (V), en hembras y machos. Se definieron tres estadios en la escala de madurez realizada por frotis: virginales, inactivos y activos. Las frecuencias relativas de estadios de madurez muestran un predominio del estadio V, a partir del año 2008, en verano y otoño. Además, las frecuencias de los estadios III y IV aumentaron de forma creciente, de verano a primavera. Los valores mensuales del índice de actividad reproductiva variaron según el año de estudio, observándose los mayores valores en primavera. Se halló la talla de primera madurez, siendo 34.4 mm para machos y 34.9 mm para hembras de longitud valvar.

Plantillas para la creación de material docente accesible con herramientas ofimáticas y LaTex

Existen distintos tipos de dificultades de accesibilidad entre los alumnos que cursan sus estudios en nuestras facultades. Podemos encontrar por ejemplo algunos alumnos ciegos o con diferentes grados de baja visión, incluyendo los problemas debidos a la edad (presbicia o vista cansada), también alumnos con trastornos de aprendizaje como dislexia o TDAH o alumnos que sufren dificultades de acceso derivadas de los dispositivos que usan para la conexión (con pantallas muy pequeñas). La accesibilidad, como disciplina, pretende mejorar las condiciones de acceso a la información de todos ellos.El proyecto “Recursos docentes accesibles” (2010-2012), en el marco del Programa de Mejora e Innovación Docente de la Universidad de Barcelona, se centra en la baja visión y en la dislexia. El objetivo principal es crear y poner a disposición de todo el profesorado y de los responsables académicos de las titulaciones de la Universidad de Barcelona un conjunto de plantillas y modelos de documentos docentes accesibles en origen y fácilmente transformables a versiones ampliadas o mejoradas. El proyecto se desarrolla en la Facultad de Biblioteconomía y Documentación y la Facultad de Matemáticas y ha contado con la colaboración de numerosos docentes. La previsión es extender este proyecto a otras universidades con la esperanza que, entre todos, podamos mejorar los problemas de accesibilidad de los documentos docentes.

Associations of physical activity and sport and exercise with at-risk substance use in young men: a longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to measure the associations of physical activity and one of its components, sport and exercise, with at-risk substance use in a population of young men. METHOD: Baseline (2010-2012) and follow-up (2012-2013) data of 4748 young Swiss men from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF) were used. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between at-risk substance use and both sport and exercise and physical activities were measured using Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: At baseline, logistic regression indicated that sport and exercise is negatively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. A positive association was obtained between physical activity and at-risk alcohol use. At baseline, sport and exercise was negatively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis at follow-up. Adjusted for sport and exercise, physical activity was positively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. CONCLUSION: Sport and exercise is cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with a low prevalence of at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. This protective effect was not observed for physical activity broadly defined. Taking a substance use prevention perspective, the promotion of sport and exercise among young adults should be encouraged.