Revisão taxonômica e filogenia do gênero Megalobrachium Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae)

O presente trabalho trata do gênero de porcelanídeos Megalolobrachium Stimpson, 1858 e está organizado em três partes: (1) uma revisão taxonômica das espécies atualmente atribuídas a Megalobrachium Stimpson, 1858; (2) uma revisão da diversidade morfológica do gênero em um contexto maior dentro de Porcellanidae; e (3) uma análise cladística a partir de dados morfológicos com o intuito de testar o monofiletismo de Megalobrachium e propor a primeira hipótese filogenética para o gênero. A revisão taxonômica se baseou no estudo de material abundante de diferentes localidades do Pacífico oriental e Atlântico ocidental. Uma nova espécie de Megalobrachium é descrita com base no material das costas pacíficas do Panamá e Colômbia, totalizando 13 espécies em Megalobrachium. Para a análise filogenética, foram obtidos 151 caracteres; o grupo-externo foi composto por quatro espécies de três gêneros: Pachycheles Stimpson, 1858, Pisidia Leach, 1820, e Porcellana Lamarck, 1801. Uma única árvore (314 passos; IC: 64; IR: 80) foi obtida, com dois clados. O primeiro clado inclui espécies com lobos da fronte marcadamente flexionados, flagelo da antena curto, com artículos longos, patas ambulatórias curtas e robustas, abdome subtriangular em machos, pleópodo feminino iv com três segmentos, e urópodos curtos. O segundo clado contém espécies com lobos da fronte não flexionados, flagelo da antena longo, com artículos curtos, patas ambulatórias longas e delgadas, abdome sub-retangular, pleópodo feminino iv com dois segmentos, urópodos longos. O primeiro clado corresponde a Porcellanopsis Rathbun, 1910 (espécie-tipo P. festae (Nobili, 1901)), previamente tratado como sinônimo de Megalobrachium. Contudo, a combinação de diferenças morfológicas entre Megalobrachium e Porcellanopsis justifica a revalidação de Porcellanopsis. Três espécies foram erroneamente registradas no Pacífico oriental (M. mortenseni Haig, 1962, P. rosea (Rathbun, 1900) e P. soriata (Say, 1818)); essas espécies são exclusivamente distribuídas no Atlântico ocidental.

Central America & Caribbean Region, 1858 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: A new map of tropical-America, north of the Equator : comprising the West-Indies, Central-America, Mexico, New Cranada [sic] and Venezuela by H. Kiepert. It was published by Dietrich Reimer in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:3,600,000].The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries and colonial claims, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Includes also text and inset map: Central part of the Mexican Republic on an enlarged scale, based upon the surveys published by A. v. Humboldt, v. Gerolt, Heller, Smith and the Sociedad Mejicana de Geografía y Estadística. Scale 1:1,000,000.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Piscataquis County, Maine, 1858 (Image 1 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Piscataquis County Maine, from surveys under the direction of H. F. Walling; field notes under the direction of L. H. Eaton Esq. civil engineer. It was published by Lee & Marsh in 1858. Scale [ca 1:63,360]. This layer is image 1 of 2 total images, representing the northeast portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM Zone 19N, meters, NAD1983). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Piscataquis County, Maine, 1858 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Piscataquis County Maine, from surveys under the direction of H. F. Walling; field notes under the direction of L. H. Eaton Esq. civil engineer. It was published by Lee & Marsh in 1858. Scale [ca 1:63,360]. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images, representing the northwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM Zone 19N, meters, NAD1983). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 1858 (Image 1 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Hillsboro Co., New Hampshire, from actual surveys by J. Chace, Jr. It was published by Smith, Mason & Co. in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:53,000]. This layer is image 1 of 4 total images, representing the northwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes table of distances, agricultural goods, religious affiliations, business directory, statistics of education and other information, and a list of county officers.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 1858 (Image 2 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Hillsboro Co., New Hampshire, from actual surveys by J. Chace, Jr. It was published by Smith, Mason & Co. in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:53,000]. This layer is image 2 of 4 total images, representing the southwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes table of distances, agricultural goods, religious affiliations, business directory, statistics of education and other information, and a list of county officers.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 1858 (Image 3 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Hillsboro Co., New Hampshire, from actual surveys by J. Chace, Jr. It was published by Smith, Mason & Co. in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:53,000]. This layer is image 3 of 4 total images, representing the southeast portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes table of distances, agricultural goods, religious affiliations, business directory, statistics of education and other information, and a list of county officers.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 1858 (Image 4 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Hillsboro Co., New Hampshire, from actual surveys by J. Chace, Jr. It was published by Smith, Mason & Co. in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:53,000]. This layer is image 4 of 4 total images, representing the northeast portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes table of distances, agricultural goods, religious affiliations, business directory, statistics of education and other information, and a list of county officers.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Franklin County, Massachusetts, 1858 (Image 1 of 3) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Franklin County, Massachusetts : based upon the trigonometrical survey of the state, the details from actual surveys under the direction of H.F. Walling, supt. of the state map. It was published by Smith & Ingraham in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:47,520]. This layer is image 1 of 3 total images, representing the northwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Norfolk County, Massachusetts, 1858 (Image 1 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the county of Norfolk, Massachusetts, based upon the details of the trigonometrical survey of the state; the details from actual surveys under the direction of Henry F. Walling. Supt. of the state map. It was published by Smith & Bumstead in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:40,000]. This layer is image 1 of 4 total images, representing the northwest portion of the four sheet source map.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Franklin County, Massachusetts, 1858 (Image 3 of 3) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Franklin County, Massachusetts : based upon the trigonometrical survey of the state, the details from actual surveys under the direction of H.F. Walling, supt. of the state map. It was published by Smith & Ingraham in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:47,520]. This layer is image 3 of 3 total images, representing the northeast portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Norfolk County, Massachusetts, 1858 (Image 2 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the county of Norfolk, Massachusetts, based upon the details of the trigonometrical survey of the state; the details from actual surveys under the direction of Henry F. Walling. Supt. of the state map. It was published by Smith & Bumstead in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:40,000]. This layer is image 2 of 4 total images, representing the southwest portion of the four sheet source map.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Norfolk County, Massachusetts, 1858 (Image 4 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the county of Norfolk, Massachusetts, based upon the details of the trigonometrical survey of the state; the details from actual surveys under the direction of Henry F. Walling. Supt. of the state map. It was published by Smith & Bumstead in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:40,000]. This layer is image 4 of 4 total images, representing the northeast portion of the four sheet source map.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Norfolk County, Massachusetts, 1858 (Image 3 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the county of Norfolk, Massachusetts, based upon the details of the trigonometrical survey of the state; the details from actual surveys under the direction of Henry F. Walling. Supt. of the state map. It was published by Smith & Bumstead in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:40,000]. This layer is image 3 of 4 total images, representing the southeast portion of the four sheet source map. This image is georeferenced to the inset map entitled: Roxbury with portions of Dorchester, W. Roxbury &c. Scale 1:12,672.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.