Avaluació Ambiental/ L'évaluation environnementale

L'objectiu d’aquesta fitxa tècnica és la difusió de la metodologia Anàlisi de Cicle de Vida, ACV, com a mètode per avaluar ambientalment l’agricultura ecològica, detectar els punts febles i aportar alternatives. Els estudis d’ACV utilitzen la metodologia proposada per les normatives ISO (ISO-14040, 2006; ISO-14044, 2006). Els estudis previs que l’han aplicat avalen la metodologia, mostrant que l’eina ACV reuneix les característiques d’objectivitat i transparència per a l’estudi de l’impacte ambiental de la producció agrària ecològica. Existeixen, però, aspectes metodològics poc desenvolupats que requeriran de futura recerca i que resumim en aquesta fitxa. Aspectes principalment relacionats amb la necessitat de bases de dades locals per una correcta realització dels inventaris i consens en les metodologies per anàlisis d’impactes relacionats principalment amb l’ús del sòl, biodiversitat i toxicitat.

Patient Education/Self Management Programmes for People with Long Term Conditions

Regional Summary Report 2012/13

Stage of change of cigarette smoking in drug dependent patients

Résumé En Suisse, les programmes de désaccoutumance au tabac se réfèrent généralement au modèle de préparation au changement de Prochaska et DiClemente (1983), Les patients atteints de maladies somatiques liées au tabagisme comme les pathologies cardiovasculaires ou pulmonaires accèdent facilement à ces programmes, contrairement aux patients présentant une dépendance à des drogues illicites. La prévalence de fumeurs dans cette population est pourtant élevée et les problèmes engendrés par le tabac sont importants, non seulement d'un point de vue individuel mais aussi en terme de santé publique. Il est par conséquent intéressant d'évaluer la motivation concernant la désaccoutumance au tabac de patients toxicomanes entreprenant un sevrage de drogues illicites. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué les stades de préparation au changement concernant la dépendance au tabac chez 100 patients toxicomanes hospitalisés sur un mode volontaire dans le cadre d'un programme de sevrage à des drogues illégales. L'évaluation s'est faite à l'aide d'un auto-questionnaire dont les résultats indiquent qu'une minorité de patients sont décidés à interrompre la consommation de tabac. En effet, seul 15% des patients se trouvaient aux stades de contemplation ou de décision. De plus, 93% des sujets considéraient l'arrêt du tabac comme difficile ou très difficile. Ces données montrent qu'il existe un décalage important entre la motivation relative au sevrage de drogues illégales et la motivation liées à l'arrêt du tabac. En effet, malgré leur motivation élevée pour se sevrer de drogues illicites, la proportion de patients restant au stade de précontemplation concernant la désaccoutumance au tabac reste élevée. Diverses hypothèses permettent d'expliquer ces résultats, notamment la perception que la désaccoutumance au tabac est plus difficile à réaliser que le sevrage de substances illicites. Abstract Nicotine cessation programmes in Switzerland, which are commonly based on the stage of change model of Prochaska and DiClemente (1983), are rarely offered to patients with illicit drug dependence. This stands in contrast to the high smoking rates and the heavy burden of tobacco-related problems in these patients. The stage of change was therefore assessed by self-administered questionnaire in 100 inpatients attending an illegal drug withdrawal programme. Only 15% of the patients were in the contemplation or decision stage. 93% considered smoking cessation to be difficult or very difficult. These data show a discrepancy between the motivation to change illegal drug consumption habits and the motivation for smoking cessation. The high pro-portion of patients remaining in the precontemplation stage for smoking cessation, in spite of their motivation for illicit drug detoxification, may be due to the perception that cessation of smoking is more difficult than illicit drug abuse cessation.

The use of bacterial larvicides in mosquito and black fly control programmes in Brazil

Bacillus spp. based larvides are increasingly replacing, with numerous advantages, chemical insecticides in programmes for controlling black fly and mosquito populations. Brazil was among the pioneers in adopting Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i) to control black flies. However, the major current mosquito control programme in Brazil, the Programme for Eradication of Aedes aegypti launched in 1997, only recently decided to replace temephos by B.t.i based larvicides, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. In the last decade, works developed by research groups in Brazilian institutions have generated a significant contribution to this subject through the isolation of B. sphaericus new strains, the development of new products and the implementation of field trials of Bacillus efficacy against mosquito species under different environmental conditions.

L'évaluation empirique des psychothérapies

Though considered by some as a difficult if not impossible task or even as a challenge or a sacrilege, research on the efficacy of psychotherapy has grown steadily over the past decade. After a brief survey of the most substantial results over 40 years, the article proceeds to point out risks and misunderstandings that have arisen between researchers and clinicians. In order to illustrate this issue, two frequently used concepts in research are presented: meta-analysis and therapeutic alliance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)

Review of Undergraduate Nursing and Midwifery Degree Programmes - Consultation Report

The Department of Health has commenced a review of the undergraduate nursing and midwifery degree programmes in order to establish their efficiency and effectiveness in preparing nurses and midwives to practice in the Irish healthcare system now and into the future (referred to as the Review throughout this report). The undergraduate degree programmes have been in place since 2002 for nursing (general, psychiatric and intellectual disability nursing) and 2006 for midwifery and integrated children and general programmes.   Click here to download PDF 342kb

Report of the Review of Undergraduate Nursing and Midwifery Degree Programmes

Ireland has a strong reputation for delivering excellence in nursing and midwifery education and for providing highly qualified, competent and motivated nurses and midwives. Over the last ten years the educational system has undergone significant change, particularly with the move of undergraduate nursing and midwifery education into the universities and higher education sector. Click here to download PDF 1.4mb