Modificação da superfície de carvão ativado comercial (CAG) para a aplicação na adsorção de benzeno e tolueno

Neste trabalho estudaram-se as características de superfície de CAG comercial in natura (CA-1) e tratado por (HNO3) (CA-2) e suas aplicações na adsorção de benzeno e tolueno. Caracterização dos adsorventes: área superficial específica - SBET e distribuição de poros (adsorção de N2/77 K), pH (norma ASTM D3838-05), grupos funcionais de superfície (FTIR e método de Boehm). Foram realizados ensaios de adsorção em sistema batelada (25°C/140 rpm/25 minutos) e sistema de coluna em leito fixo, onde as amostras foram quantificadas por cromatografia gasosa com extração por headspace método EPA 0010. A SBET e o volume médio dos poros do adsorvente CA-2 diminuíram com relação aos valores de CA1, bem como o valor do pH. Houve aumento de grupos funcionais ácidos determinados pelo método de Boehm do adsorvente CA-2 em relação ao CA-1, o que foi confirmado pela determinação de FTIR, na qual a intensidade das bandas de absorção foram mais intensas para CA-2. Obtiveram-se percentuais de remoção de benzeno de 92,6 e 93,6 (%) a partir de CA-1 e CA-2, respectivamente, e para tolueno de 93,2 e 94,3 (%) para CA-1 e CA-2. Os dados dos testes cinéticos foram ajustados satisfatoriamente pelo modelo matemático de pseudo-segunda ordem, baseado nos testes estatísticos aplicados, havendo diferenças estatísticas significativas entre o adsorvente tratado (CA-2) e o in natura (CA-1). Realizaram-se ensaios de equilíbrio de adsorção e correlacionaram-se os resultados pela Isoterma de Langmuir, com resposta satisfatória para o referido modelo. A partir do sistema de adsorção em coluna de leito fixo e considerando o maior valor de vazão volumétrica (Q=100 mL/min) utilizado no referido sistema obtiveram-se os resultados mais significativos de adsorção de benzeno e tolueno empregando (CA-2) como adsorvente.

Estudos de pré-formulação e formulação de Heliotropium indicum (L.) DC (Boraginaceae)

Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) é um subarbusto que atinge até 70 cm de altura, é amplamente distribuído geograficamente. A espécie é conhecida como fedegoso na região norte e nordeste. Diante do potencial biológico desta espécie este trabalho objetiva determinar parâmetros de qualidade da droga vegetal até o produto final e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de suas folhas, com finalidade de se obter uma formulação fitoterápica semi-sólida. Para isso utilizou-se parâmetros de controle de qualidade físico, químico e físico-químico descritos na Farmacopéia Brasileira e literatura pertinente. A droga vegetal foi classificada como pó grosso, apresentou valores médios de perda por dessecação e cinzas totais de 12,88% e 17,14%, respectivamente. A análise termogravimétrica do pó e do extrato liofilizado mostrou que ambos apresentaram boa estabilidade térmica até 180°C. Os espectros na região do IV mostraram um aumento na intensidade das bandas de absorção do extrato liofilizado, que pode está relacionado à extração dos constituintes químicos da matriz celular. A prospecção química do extrato confirmou a presença de classes de metabólitos secundários já relatados em literatura. A fração clorofórmica sugere a presença de alcalóides pelo teste de precipitação com reagente de Dragendorff. A CCD e a CLAE mostraram uma possível presença de uma mesma substância nas frações alcaloídicas e hexânicas. O extrato bruto de H. indicum L. inibiu o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus apresentando halos de 12,5 mm±0,707 e 10,5 mm±0,707 para as concentrações de 500 mg/mL e 250 mg/mL, respectivamente. As misturas físicas do extrato com os adjuvantes farmacêuticos, utilizados no desenvolvimento da formulação fitoterápica, não apresentaram incompatibilidade física e não houve modificações significativas no perfil de absorção entre os compostos analisados. A formulação fitoterápica semi-sólida manteve-se estável após sua preparação, após a submissão do gel a força centrípeta e após ação do estresse térmico.

Deposição e caracterização de filmes de óxido de cobalto por sputtering reativo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Acetylene plasma polymer treated by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge

Plasma polymer films are very attractive for industrial applications in several sectors such as in the electronic, mechanic, biomedic, coating and others, due to its good adhesion, being insoluble in mild acids and bases and having a high crosslinking structure. This work reports the physical, structural, and surface properties of the polymer obtained from an acetylene plasma polymerization technique and treated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The film was deposited in a reactor supplied by a radio-frequency power source at low pressure. After deposition, the nanofilms were treated in a DBD plasma reactor operating in air. The treatment times varied from 1 to 5 min. The analysis of molecular structure of the samples was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, showing absorption bands in 3480, 2930, 1720, 1450 and 1380 cm(-1). The water contact-angle was investigated by goniometric technique and presented values from 5 to 65 degrees. The aging effect of these films was also studied. The alteration in the films surface morphology was assessed by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) which indicated that the roughness increased from 60 nm to 160 nm as a result of the DBD treatment. The refractive index of the samples presented values near 1.7, measured by UV-Visible spectroscopy. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dynamical evolution of V-type photometric candidates in the outer main belt

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Terapia fotodinâmica e luz branca: aspectos analíticos e perspectivas da viabilidade do tratamento

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a technique used to treat several types of lesions, such as cancer, microbial control, and esthetic dentistry cases. The performance of PDT involves the use of a photosensitizer (PS), which mainly will be located in cancer cells and is irradiated with visible light. This process, when it occurs in the presence of oxygen triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species that are cytotoxic to cells. These species cause cell death and subsequent tumor necrosis. The use of white light as a light source for multispectral Photodynamic Therapy and its consequences to the photodynamic effect is not yet completely established, and therefore there is interest in studying the parameters involved for analyzing the best conditions for applying treatment. The wavelength is crucial to improve the therapeutic effect, since both the optical properties of the biological tissue as the PS depend on these parameters. For FS studied in this work (Photogem®) are most often used wavelengths in the red region, due to their larger penetration depth in biological tissue. Thus, the light source becomes a fundamental aspect, their choice depends on the specific application and is based on the tumor location, light dose to be delivered and FS chosen. Despite all the advantages presented by lasers, the fact of having an emission spectrum essentially monochrome makes only one possible transition possible for the absorption of FS is used. Therefore, more extensive light sources such as light emitting diodes (LED), could be better used in some cases the laser, with the additional advantage of a reduced cost. Therefore, the choice of the white LED comes from an emission spectrum that still wider LED colors defined by allowing greater use of the several absorption bands and with varying depths of operation, according to the wavelength... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Preparação e Modificação Química de Nanoestruturas de Octa(aminopropil) silsesquioxano para Aplicações Analíticas

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

Surface engineering of silica nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery: characterization and cell toxicity studies

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Propriedades ópticas de nanopartículas de halogenetos de cobre preparadas in situ em filmes híbridos de sílica

The sol-gel process is a technique based on the hydrolysis and polycondensation of metal alkoxides have been investigated as an alternative for the preparation of vitreous or glassceramic materials, for allowing the obtaining of high-purity materials at low temperatures, and to obtain hybrid materials with different compositions. When ORMOSILs are doped with nanoparticles, are called nanocomposites, and its functionality arises when electrons confined in scale three-dimensional structures near zero are excited. In principle, such materials exhibit discrete energy level, with peaks in the absorption spectrum. Therefore, the glasses doped semiconductor nanocrystals are important candidates for the preparation of optical filters with sharp cut-off, and are being exploited commercially for coloring glasses. This study evaluates the optical properties presented by hybrid films of silica doped with copper nanoparticles. The matrix was prepared using the alkoxides 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) doped with Cu2O and hydrolyzed under reflux conditions in two different acidic conditions (HCl and HBr). After thermal treatment at temperatures between 100 °C and 170 °C and/or under the action of commercial black light radiation, CuCl and CuBr present in the hybrid film are transformed into nanoparticles of CuCl or CuBr. The UV-VIS absorption identified the absorption bands, and its variation

Preparação e caracterização óptica de filmes de ORMOSIL obtidos via processo sol-gel dopados com azocorantes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção do monóxido de titânio em estrelas variáveis

Mira are pulsating variable stars in advanced stages of evolution. Their atmospheres are sources of intense absorption bands attributed to molecular titanium monoxide (TiO). It has been suggested that the abundance of TiO reaches its maximum value near the minimum light. In this sense, the study of the processes of formation and destruction of TiO in circumstellar envelopes of Mira stars, not only allows us to understand the physical and chemical processes that occur in these environments, as it allows to verify the correlation between the abundance of TiO and its light curve. However, the main mechanisms of formation and destruction of TiO are poorly known and, consequently, the possible correlation between the abundance of this species and the light curve. In these sense, we studied the main processes of formation and destruction of titanium monoxide in molecular layers of Mira atmospheres and determined its temporal variation as function of the stellar radius. The TiO profile along the radius was expected for the different stellar phase, however its abundance is not enough to explain the light curve. The reasons behind it are discussed in details

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um sistema de liberação sustentada de gentamicina em biomembranas de látex natural

Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

Interaction of p-cymene with beta-cyclodextrin

In this investigation, the study of inclusion complexes formation between p-cymene and beta-cyclodextrin using the methods of physical mixture, paste (PC) and slurry (SC), was evaluated. The results of DSC and TG/DTG showed that the products prepared by PC and SC methods were able to incorporate greater amounts of p-cymene, as evidenced by the weight loss of 7.15 and 3.97%, respectively, which occurred between 120 and 270 A degrees C. SEM images showed decreased size of the household, especially in the SC product. The absorption bands in the IR spectrum, characteristic of p-cymene, were also identified in the preparations, indicating the presence of the compound in the complex.

Electrochemically activated coordenative assembly of a triruthenium cluster metallopolymer

A general strategy for electrochemically induced assembly of coordination metallopolymers is demonstrated using the tritopic bridging [Ru-3(mu(3)-O)(CH3COO)(6)(pytpy)(3)](+) cluster complex, where pytpy is the 4'-(4-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine ligand, and iron(III) ions. The concept of such an electrochemically induced coordinative assembly was proven exploring the large difference in the [Fe(pytpy)2 complex formation constants depending on the iron ion oxidation state. Much more stable bridging complexes are formed in the presence of Fe(II) in contrast to Fe(III) ions. The build-up of electrochemically active films on FTO electrodes was confirmed by the growth of the corresponding voltammetric peaks concomitantly with the rise of typical triruthenium cluster and [Fe(pytpy)(2)](2+) complex absorption bands. The metallopolymer was constituted by agglomerates of more or less fused tape like structures, exhibiting large voids and pinholes, as revealed by SEM and AFM images. The adhesion/deposition on FTO was improved by functionalizing the surface with TES-tpy and HOOC-tpy, which increased the surface coverage up to 80%, as estimated by impedance spectroscopy. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aniline-1,4-benzoquinone as a model system for the characterization of products from aniline oligomerization in low acidic media

Increase in the pH medium of aniline polymerization is used for giving products of different morphologies, which are often wrongly attributed to PANI chains. Infrared and Raman spectroscopic data, supported by quantum chemical calculations, show that aniline-1,4-benzoquinone (AnBzq) is a model system for the characterization of the products of aniline oligomerization in low acidic media. The Raman spectra excited at different laser lines reveal the bichromophoric nature of AnBzq, whose absorption bands at 550 nm and 440 nm can be attributed to pi-pi* transitions of the delocalized benzoquinone and amino-phenyl moieties, respectively. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.