The United States patents quarterly.

Subtitle varies.

The new trade-mark manual, a handbook on protection of trade-marks in interstate commerce,

Mode of access: Internet.

DISCURSO DA MARCA: uma abordagem da semiose comunicacional da marca

A tese aborda a constituição do significado da marca sob a perspectiva de seu discurso na sociedade de consumo. Por meio dos objetivos propostos, (a) a descrição do processo comunicacional da marca como um discurso social; (b) a demonstração da constituição do significado da marca pela circulação de efeitos de sentido; e (c) a articulação da teoria social que fundamenta o processo, intenta-se explorá-la como possibilidade teórica explicativa por meio do discursivo na semiose social. A tese justifica-se pelo desenvolvimento de uma abordagem comunicacional para a constituição do significado da marca (relevância teoria) e pela possibilidade de interferência na realidade social a partir do conhecimento de como a marca institui-se como um discurso social (relevância social). Trata-se de um trabalho teórico, de natureza qualitativa, a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, com vistas a propor a construção de uma semiose da marca. Concluiu-se que é teoricamente pertinente a constituição do significado da marca contemporânea fundamentalmente por um processo de produção de sentido social na sociedade de consumo.

ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DAS ANGULAÇÕES E TORQUES DE BRAQUETES DE DIFERENTES MARCAS COMERCIAIS

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as angulações e torques de braquetes de marcas comerciais distintas em relação à prescrição de Roth e também em relação aos valores preconizados pelo fabricante. Foram utilizados 150 braquetes metálicos de aço inoxidável, de caninos e incisivos superiores na respectiva prescrição, avaliadas por meio de um perfilômetro. Após a coleta dos dados e aplicação do tratamento estatístico, os resultados demonstraram que os valores de torque obtidos com a prescrição de Roth foram semelhantes entre os fabricantes. Na angulação, os caninos superiores apresentaram valores acima do proposto pelo autor para o fabricante Morelli, e para os dentes 21 e 22, a angulação foi maior para o fabricante Abzil. Na comparação dos valores de torque obtidos com os valores recomendados pelos fabricantes, a Unitek demonstrou maior fidedignidade no torque comparada às demais marcas. Conclui-se que as diferenças tanto de torque quanto de angulação quando comparados aos valores do autor e à prescrição dos fabricantes, se enquadram dentro de um grau de tolerância preconizada por um órgão regulador de peças ortodônticas alemãs.

Brand equity and purchase intention in fashion industry:a cross-cultural study in Asia and Europe

This research is the leading brand for purchase of assets, and analyzing the factors based on brand asset components and the relationship between the brand and brand assets assets impact factors and purchase intent on uncovering the relationship between components and trademarks centered on South Korea and the United Kingdom, by comparing the asset management plan would generate. The study, information navigation product knowledge affects of constant (+), brand attitudes and knowledge of the brand loyalty and brand value to the constant trademark (+). Brand value and brand loyalty and purchase intent-(+) in the United Kingdom, on the other hand, of the impact that do not affect that.

Innovation and performance:benchmarking Australian firms

This article empirically analyses the link between innovation and performance using a sample of large Australian firms, with a specific aim of developing benchmarking tools. Innovation is measured by firms' investment in R&D and applications for patents, trademarks and designs. An innovation index is constructed to provide one method of benchmarking. The index incorporates a firm's innovative activities into a single figure after accounting for firm size. The index provides a ranking of the most innovative firms in Australia. A second method of benchmarking uses a stochastic production frontier. This type of analysis identifies the firms which are located closest to a ‘best practice innovation frontier’.

International trade law, plain packaging and tobacco industry political activity:the Trans-Pacific Partnership

Tobacco companies are increasingly turning to trade and investment agreements to challenge measures aimed at reducing tobacco use. This study examines their efforts to influence the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a major trade and investment agreement which may eventually cover 40% of the world's population; focusing on how these efforts might enhance the industry's power to challenge the introduction of plain packaging. Specifically, the paper discusses the implications for public health regulation of Philip Morris International's interest in using the TPP to: shape the bureaucratic structures and decision-making processes of business regulation at the national level; introduce a higher standard of protection for trademarks than is currently provided under the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights; and expand the coverage of Investor-State Dispute Settlement which empowers corporations to litigate directly against governments where they are deemed to be in breach of investment agreements. The large number of countries involved in the TPP underlines its risk to the development of tobacco regulation globally.

The Routledge handbook of forensic linguistics

The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics provides a unique work of reference to the leading ideas, debates, topics, approaches and methodologies in Forensic Linguistics. Forensic Linguistics is the study of language and the law, covering topics from legal language and courtroom discourse to plagiarism. It also concerns the applied (forensic) linguist who is involved in providing evidence, as an expert, for the defence and prosecution, in areas as diverse as blackmail, trademarks and warning labels. The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics includes a comprehensive introduction to the field written by the editors and a collection of thirty-seven original chapters written by the world’s leading academics and professionals, both established and up-and-coming, designed to equip a new generation of students and researchers to carry out forensic linguistic research and analysis. The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics is the ideal resource for undergraduates or postgraduates new to the area.

Can intellectual property rights impact directly on productivity: a case study in manufacturing industries

According to the institutional economics thesis the role of IPRs is one of the relevant determinants of economic growth in long run. Measures of IPRs have been limited and empirical studies have not been able to evaluate their impacts on productivity growth. The major conclusion that the author can be drawn from his estimations is that the extent to which patent rights and trademarks, ceteris paribus, positively correlated with output per capita depends on the intensity of technology.

Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA4157in Quorum Sensing and Iron Transport Regulation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, is a pnmary contributing factor responsible for the morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis. One of the trademarks of P. aeruginosa is its ability to resist antibiotics. P. aeruginosa does so in part through the LysR-type transcription factor, AmpR. To identify additional members of the AmpR regulon, a new algorithm called iterative enhancement of motifs was used to identify putative AmpR binding sites upstream of open reading frames in the P. aeruginosa genome. The surprising primary hit of this analysis was the promoter of an uncharacterized open reading frame, P A 415 7. P A 415 7 is located upstream ofthefep operon, which is known to be involved in iron acquisition. PA4157 shares high homology to the IclR family of transcriptional regulators which are known to regulate quorum sensing (QS), an elaborate cell-cell communication signaling system that uses quoromones. We postulated two hypotheses: 1) AmpR regulation of QS genes is mediated by PA4157, and 2) PA4157 may be involved in iron acquisition. To address the role of P A 415 7 we generated an in-frame chromosomal deletion of P A 415 7 in P. aeruginosa PA01 (PA0 PA4157). We compared PA0 PA4157 with its parent strain P A0 1 for its ability to produce quoromones using Chromobacterium violaceum as an indicator strain and LasA proteases using Staphylococcus aureus. We also tested its role in virulence using a Caenorhabditis elegans killing assay. Growth in iron-deficient media was also examined to determine if P A4157 has a potential role in iron uptake regulation. Our preliminary results suggest that P A 415 7 is not involved in quorum sensing regulation but does seem to exert a negative regulatory effect on iron uptake in P. aeruginosa P A0 1.

DISCURSO DA MARCA: uma abordagem da semiose comunicacional da marca

A tese aborda a constituição do significado da marca sob a perspectiva de seu discurso na sociedade de consumo. Por meio dos objetivos propostos, (a) a descrição do processo comunicacional da marca como um discurso social; (b) a demonstração da constituição do significado da marca pela circulação de efeitos de sentido; e (c) a articulação da teoria social que fundamenta o processo, intenta-se explorá-la como possibilidade teórica explicativa por meio do discursivo na semiose social. A tese justifica-se pelo desenvolvimento de uma abordagem comunicacional para a constituição do significado da marca (relevância teoria) e pela possibilidade de interferência na realidade social a partir do conhecimento de como a marca institui-se como um discurso social (relevância social). Trata-se de um trabalho teórico, de natureza qualitativa, a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, com vistas a propor a construção de uma semiose da marca. Concluiu-se que é teoricamente pertinente a constituição do significado da marca contemporânea fundamentalmente por um processo de produção de sentido social na sociedade de consumo.

Trademark Licensing in Keyword Advertising

This article examines the use of trademarks as keywords in sponsored links campaigns - in particular the impact of such usage on consumer confusion. It is thus important to highlight that there are a number of reasons why a consumer uses search engines. For example, it may be that a consumer searches for a type of product or service that appeals to them; the consumer may engage in comparison-shopping; or the consumer may already know the specific brand that he or she intends to purchase. Secondly, this article explores the possibility of infringement on other functions of trademarks in the case of the double-identity rule. Thirdly, the article discusses the negative aspects of broadening the concept of taking advantage and isolates this concept from the possibilities of confusion, detriment to the distinctive character, or the reputation of the trademark. Lastly, the article proposes possible remedies to the current situation – in particular the introduction of licensing models for the use of trademarks in keyword advertising and the application of the law on comparative advertising regarding the way the licensee uses those trademarks.

Definição da identidade da marca para o medronho

Numa economia global sujeita a mudanças nas dinâmicas de mercado e a uma concorrência crescente, o papel das marcas nunca foi tão importante como agora. As marcas servem de mapa orientador para comportamento de compra e, quando geridas de forma correta, resultam geralmente num valor significativo para os seus detentores. Pretende-se com este trabalho desenvolver uma marca para o medronho, fruto nacional ainda pouco comercializado em fresco. Procurou criar-se uma identidade de marca forte, tendo em atenção os vários elementos de marca de modo a contribuir positivamente para a construção de capital de marca (brand equity). Na metodologia privilegia-se a análise qualitativa, com a realização de uma entrevista e um questionário, com o intuito de aprofundar respetivamente o conhecimento da empresa e a perceção dos consumidores em relação ao fruto. Neste sentido, e depois de uma análise cuidada da literatura, este projeto reflete a aplicação dos modelos de construção de marcas e dos critérios para a escolha dos elementos da marca definidos por Keller (2005). Deste trabalho resulta uma proposta de construção dos elementos da marca, a ser utilizada pelo centro de excelência para a valorização dos recursos mediterrâneos (CEVRM); Definition of the Brand Identity for the arbutus Abstract: In a global economy subject to changes in market dynamics and increasing competition, the role of brands has never been as important as now. Trademarks serve advisor map to buying behavior and, when managed correctly, often result in significant value for its owners. The aim of this work is to develop a brand for the arbutus, national fruit poorly marketed fresh. Sought to create is a strong brand identity, taking into account the various mode brand elements to contribute positively to building brand equity (brand equity). The methodology emphasizes the qualitative analysis, conducting an interview and a questionnaire, in order to deepen respectively the company's knowledge and perception of consumers in relation to the fruit. In this sense, and after a careful analysis of the literature, this project reflects the application of model building brands and criteria for the choice of brand elements defined by Keller. This work results in a proposal to build the brand elements to be used by the CEVRM.