História tectônica e exumação das serras da Bocaina e Mantiqueira SP/RJ

Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE

Compartimentação morfoestrutural da região do Triângulo Mineiro (MG): aplicado a exploração de recursos hídricos subterrâneos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Termocronologia e história denudacional da Serra do Mar e implicações no controle deposicional da Bacia de Santos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Geologia, geomorfologia e morfotectônica da região de Marabá - PA

Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE

Estudo evolutivo do sistema morfoclimático e morfotectônico da bacia do Rio Verde (MG), sudeste do Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contribuição da dinâmica morfoestrutural e morfoescultural na estruturação da bacia do Ribeirão Entupido, complexo alcalino do Passa Quatro - SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Unidades de relevo em zona costeira estuarina: municípios de Colares e Santo Antônio do Tauá

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e discutir as unidades de relevo dos municípios de Colares e Santo Antônio do Tauá, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Apresenta como objeto de estudo a compartimentação do relevo. A área de estudada se localiza na parte oriental do Golfão Marajoara, porção nordeste da baía de Marajó, em um trecho tipicamente estuarino da zona costeira. A pesquisa foi realizada com base em revisão de literatura, levantamento cartográfico, tratamento, interpretação e vetorização de imagens orbitais e trabalhos de campo. Duas escalas de análise foram trabalhadas. A primeira escala referiu-se à Zona Costeira Amazônica (ZCA), caracterizada por ser uma costa baixa, predominantemente sedimentar, sujeita a regime de macromarés em sua maior parte e fortemente influenciada pelas descargas fluviais condicionadas pelo clima úmido. A formação regional desta costa deve-se às flutuações do nível relativo do mar, oscilações climáticas e à neotectônica, atuantes ao longo do Cenozóico Superior. A porção oriental do Golfão Marajoara é constituída pelo estuário do rio Pará, que se comporta como um tidal river ou estuário dominado por correntes fluviais, apesar da influência das marés. As descargas fluviais são o fator principal da hidrodinâmica estuarina, constituição sedimentar e organização da biota. Trata-se de um ambiente costeiro mais protegido da ação de ondas e da deriva litorânea, em comparação com o litoral atlântico do Nordeste do Pará. Na segunda escala de trabalho foram identificadas 8 unidades de relevo: leito estuarino arenoso; banco lamoso de intermaré; planície de maré lamosa; praia estuarina; cordão arenoso; planície aluvial sob influência de maré; planície aluvial; tabuleiro. Apenas a unidade do tabuleiro é considerada como relevo erosivo. A seguir, discutiu-se a distribuição espacial das unidades de relevo, que mostrou a presença de dois setores específicos. O setor 1, situado a oeste, é amplamente influenciado por marés, e nele predominam formas de relevo de acumulação, com destaque para as planícies aluviais sob influência de maré, que ocupam maior área, fato que revela um esquema de transição entre o domínio marinho e o flúviocontinental. As várzeas sucedem os mangues para o interior, à medida que diminui a influência da água salgada. O esquema básico de distribuição sedimentar é representado por areias de fundo de canal e lamas depositadas nas margens durante a maré baixa. As praias são reduzidas, o que se explica pela menor atuação de ondas, e pelo papel decisivo das correntes de maré e das vazantes na dinâmica costeira. Cordões arenosos localizados no interior da planície costeira são o testemunho da progradação da linha de costa. Neste setor, os tabuleiros encontramse muito fragmentados, em consequência da erosão e sedimentação por marés, canais e águas das chuvas. O setor 2, a leste, não sofre influência de marés, e apresenta um relevo menos compartimentado, com tabuleiros seccionados pela rede de drenagem. A dissecação fluvial forma vales com estreitas planícies aluviais, fato que revela uma superfície erosiva mais ampla.

Geomorfologia e evolução quarternária da calha do Alto Rio Paraná, no segmento livre de barramentos, entre os reservatórios de Porto Primavera e Itaipu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Erosion rates and landscape evolution of the lowlands of the Upper Paraguay river basin (Brazil) from cosmogenic Be-10

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ordovician klippen structures of the Sierra de Umango: New insights on Tectonic evolution of the Western Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina

The basement rock of the Pampean flat-slab (Sierras Pampeanas) in the Central Andes was uplifted and rotated in the Cenozoic era. The Western Sierras Pampeanas are characterised by meta-igneous rocks of Grenvillian Mesoproterozoic age and metasedimentary units metamorphosed in the Ordovician period. These rocks, known as the northern Cuyania composite terrane, were derived from Laurentia and accreted toward Western Gondwana during the Early Paleozoic. The Sierra de Umango is the westernmost range of the Western Sierras Pampeanas.This range is bounded by the Devonian sedimentary rocks of the Precordillera on the western side and Tertiary rocks from the Sierra de Maz and Sierra del Espinal on the eastern side and contains igneous and sedimentary rocks outcroppings from the Famatina System on the far eastern side. The Sierra de Umango evolved during a period of polyphase tectonic activity, including an Ordovician collisional event, a Devonian compressional deformation, Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic extensional faulting and sedimentation (Paganzo and Ischigualasto basins) and compressional deformation of the Andean foreland during the Cenozoic. A Nappe System and an important shear zone, La Puntilla-La Falda Shear Zone (PFSZ), characterise the Ordovician collisional event, which was related to the accretion of Cuyania Terrane to the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. Three continuous deformational phases are recognised for this event: the D1 phase is distinguished by relics of 51 preserved as internal foliation within interkinematic staurolite por-phyroblasts and likely represents the progressive metamorphic stage; the D2 phase exhibits P-T conditions close to the metamorphic peak that were recorded in an 52 transposition or a mylonitic foliation and determine the main structure of Umango; and the D3 phase is described as a set of tight to recumbent folds with S3 axial plane foliation, often related to thrust faults, indicating the retrogressive metamorphic stage. The Nappe System shows a top-to-the S/SW sense direction of movement, and the PFSZ served as a right lateral ramp in the exhumation process. This structural pattern is indicative of an oblique collision, with the Cuyania Terrane subducting under the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana in the NE direction. This continental subduction and exhumation lasted at least 30 million years, nearly the entire Ordovician period, and produced metamorphic conditions of upper amphibolite-to-granulite facies in medium- to high-pressure regimes. At least two later events deformed the earlier structures: D4 and D5 deformational phases. The D4 deformational phase corresponds to upright folding, with wavelengths of approximately 10 km and a general N-S orientation. These folds modified the S2 surface in an approximately cylindrical manner and are associated with exposed, discrete shear zones in the Silurian Guandacolinos Granite. The cylindrical pattern and subhorizontal axis of the D4 folds indicates that the S2 surface was originally flat-lying. The D4 folds are responsible for preserving the basement unit Juchi Orthogneiss synformal klippen. This deformation corresponds to the Chanica Tectonic during the interval between the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. The D5 deformational phase comprehends cuspate-lobate shaped open plunging folds with E W high-angle axes (D5 folds) and sub-vertical spaced cleavage. The D5 folds and related spaced cleavage deformed the previous structures and could be associated with uplifting during the Andean Cycle. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tectonic implications of the 1419 Ma Nova Guarita mafic intrusives paleomagnetic pole (Amazonian Craton) on the longevity of Nuna

The Nuna supercontinent was probably assembled in the Paleoproterozoic, but its paleogeography and the timing for its demise are stills matter of debate. A paleomagnetic and geochronological study carried out on the Mesoproterozoic Nova Guarita dyke swarm (northern Mato Grosso State, SW Amazonian Craton) provides additional constraints on the duration of this supercontinent. Paleomagnetic AF and thermal treatment revealed south/southwest (northeast) magnetic directions with downward (upward) inclinations for 19 analyzed sites. These directions are carried by PSD magnetite with high unblocking temperatures as indicated by additional magnetic tests, including thermomagnetic curves, hysteresis loops and the progressive acquisition of isothermal remanence in selected samples. A positive contact test with the host granite in one of the studied dykes further attests to the primary origin of the characteristic magnetic component. A mean site direction was calculated at D-m = 220.5 degrees, I-m = 45.9 degrees (alpha(95) = 6.5 degrees, K = 27.7), which yielded a paleomagnetic pole located at 245.9 degrees E, 47.9 degrees S (A(95) = 7.0 degrees). Ar-40/Ar-39 dating carried out on biotites from four analyzed dykes yielded well-defined plateau ages with a mean of 1418.5 +/- 3.5 Ma. The Nova Guarita pole precludes a long-lived Nuna configuration in which Laurentia, Baltica, North China, and Amazonia formed a long and continuous block as previously proposed for the Paleoproterozoic. It is nevertheless fully compatible with a SAMBA (Amazonia-Baltica) link at Mesoproterozoic times. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evolución geomorfológica del Macizo Hespérico peninsular:estudio de un sector comprendido entre las provincias de Lugo y Ourense (Galicia, NW de España)

[EN] This paper deals with the relief generation in Ourense, an interior territory of the Galicia Country, at NW Spain, after the breakdown of Pangea 200 million years ago. The rupture of supercontinent causes the main effects in the outer part of Galicia, the present coast line and the shelf, but also the inner parts of Galicia where the landscape changes dramatically mainly ruled by fluvial incision connected with uprising, (orogenic, epirogenic, or isostatic origin), or even with eustatic oscillations, that shaped the previous old mesozoic landscape. Various things complicate the correct understanding of Galician geomorphology:1) the prevalent hercynian structure, (presumably reactivated during the Alpine Orogeny), causes that the epigenic processes, (fluvial, glaciar, marine and etching), acting on Galicia from Mesozoic to present times, produce end forms identified erroneously at the previous literature as tectonic and not as etch forms profiting from lithological or structural contrasts. 2) the common morphotectonic model accepted by all previous researchers establishes for the whole of Galicia a blocky pattern, (horst and graben like), due to extensional tectonic regime. This model is proved as no longer valid because the Galician tertiary basins, even were described at the past as graben depressions never have this origin. 3) big differences exist between the north and western sides of Galicia that show contrasted tectonic regime: compressional (with forms as the so called raised platforms), at the northern coast border, and extensional (with forms so typical as the Rias), at the western side. The study area is located at the confluence of two tectonic domains where the above mentioned effects are coincidents and specially well showed through different effects: prominent assimetry of fluvial captures (west facing), pronounced river incision and different kinds of tertiary basins: either strike slipe faults (Maceda, Xinzo de Limia, etc), or overslipped by inverse faults, (Quiroga, A Rúa, etc.), or even corresponding with depressions never, (or anywise passively), affected by tectonic movements, (Monforte). The paper include a detailed inventory of surfaces and terrace levels and their incision sequence which allow stablish a relative chronology of geomorphic evolution at this area of NW Spain during meso-cainozoic times.

Sedimentology and tectonic history of late Archaean sedimentary successions in Zimbabwe

ZusammenfassungSpätarchaische Sedimentgesteine (ca. 2,65 Milliarden Jahre alt) wurden in Grünsteingürteln des Simbabwe Kratons untersucht. In dem Belingwe Grünsteingürtel ist granitoides Grundgebirge von einer allochthonen Einheit aus vulkanischen Gesteinen und Vorlandbeckensedimenten überlagert. Die sedimentäre Abfolge besteht aus Flachwasserkalken und Turbiditen. Unterschiedliche Faziestypen der Kalksteine sind in sedimentäre Verflachungszyklen angeordnet. Eustatische Meeresspiegelschwankungen werden als Ursache der zyklischen Sedimentation angenommen. Sedimentologische, geochemische und strukturelle Analysen zeigen die Bedeutung horizontal-tektonischer Prozesse für die Entstehung dieses Grünsteingürtels an.Sedimentgesteine des Midlands Grünsteingürtels lagern zwischen ozeanischen, mafischen Vulkaniten und kontinentalen, granitoiden Gneisen. Die Art der Abfolge sedimentärer Fazies, beginnend mit Turbiditen und überlagert von flachmarinen Schelfsedimenten und alluvialen Ablagerungen, sowie geologische und geochemische Hinweise aus den benachbarten Gesteinsserien lassen auf Ablagerung während der Kollision zwischen einem ozeanischen Plateau/Inselbogen und einem kontinentalen Krustenfragmentes schließen.In dem Bindura-Shamva Grünsteingürtel können zwei Sedimentgesteinseinheiten unterschieden werden, eine alluvial—flachmarine Abfolge und eine tiefmarin—fluviatile Abfolge. Extensionstektonik verursachte wahrscheinlich die Bildung des Sedimentbeckens. Die spätere Phase der Beckenbildung war jedoch ähnlich jener in modernen Vorlandbecken.Schichtparallele Eisensteinhorizonte sind häufig entlang von Sediment-Vulkanit-Kontakten zu finden. Diese Gesteine werden als silifizierte und von Sulfiden imprägnierte Scherzonen interpretiert. Syntektonische hydrothermale Alteration von Gesteinen entlang der Störungszonen führte zur Bildung dieser 'tektonischen Eisensteine'.

Contribution of tectonic processes to the exhumation of the Cycladic blueschist unit, Greece and Turkey

In dieser Studie werden strukturgeologische, metamorphe und geochronologische Daten benutzt, um eine Quantifizierung tektonischer Prozesse vorzunehmen, die für die Exhumierung der Kykladischen Blauschiefereinheit in der Ägäis und der Westtürkei verantwortlich waren. Bei den beiden tektonischen Prozessen handelt es sich um: (1) Abschiebungstektonik und (2) vertikale duktile Ausdünnung. Eine finite Verformungsanalyse an Proben der Kykladischen Blauschiefereinheit ermöglicht eine Abschätzung des Beitrags von vertikaler duktiler Ausdünnung an der gesamten Exhumierung. Kalkulationen mit einem eindimensionalen, numerischen Model zeigt, daß vertikale duktile Ausdünnung nur ca. 10% an der gesamten Exhumierung ausmacht. Kinematische, metamorphe und geochronologische Daten erklären die tektonische Natur und die Evolution eines extensionalen Störungssystems auf der Insel Ikaria in der östlichen Ägäis. Thermobarometrische Daten lassen erkennen, daß das Liegende des Störungssystems aus ca. 15 km Tiefe exhumiert wurde. Sowohl Apatit- und Zirkonspaltspurenalter als auch Apatit (U-Th)/He-Alter zeigen, daß sich das extensionale Störungssystem zwischen 11-3 Ma mit einer Geschwindigkeit von ca. 7-8 km/Ma bewegte. Spät-Miozäne Abschiebungen trugen zur Exhumierung der letzten ~5-15 km der Hochdruckgesteine bei. Ein Großteil der Exhumierung der Kykladischen Blauschiefereinheit muß vor dem Miozän stattgefunden haben. Dies wird durch einen Extrusionskeil erklärt, der ca. 30-35 km der Kykladischen Blauschiefereinheit in der Westtürkei exhumierte. 40Ar/39Ar und 87Rb/86Sr Datierungen an Myloniten des oberen Abschiebungskontakts zwischen der Selçuk Decke und der darunterliegenden Ampelos/Dilek Decke der Kykladischen Blauschiefereinheit als auch des unteren Überschiebungskontakts zwischen der Ampelos/Dilek Decke und den darunterliegenden Menderes Decken zeigt, daß sich beide mylonitische Zonen um ca. ~35 Ma formten, was die Existenz eines Spät-Eozänen/Früh-Oligozänen Extrusionskeils beweist.

InSAR deformation measurements of the earthquake cycle in transcurrent tectonic domains, analytical and analog modeling

I applied the SBAS-DInSAR method to the Mattinata Fault (MF) (Southern Italy) and to the Doruneh Fault System (DFS) (Central Iran). In the first case, I observed limited internal deformation and determined the right lateral kinematic pattern with a compressional pattern in the northern sector of the fault. Using the Okada model I inverted the observed velocities defining a right lateral strike slip solution for the MF. Even if it fits the data within the uncertainties, the modeled slip rate of 13-15 mm yr-1 seems too high with respect to the geological record. Concerning the Western termination of DFS, SAR data confirms the main left lateral transcurrent kinematics of this fault segment, but reveal a compressional component. My analytical model fits successfully the observed data and quantifies the slip in ~4 mm yr-1 and ~2.5 mm yr-1 of pure horizontal and vertical displacement respectively. The horizontal velocity is compatible with geological record. I applied classic SAR interferometry to the October–December 2008 Balochistan (Central Pakistan) seismic swarm; I discerned the different contributions of the three Mw > 5.7 earthquakes determining fault positions, lengths, widths, depths and slip distributions, constraining the other source parameters using different Global CMT solutions. A well constrained solution has been obtained for the 09/12/2008 aftershock, whereas I tested two possible fault solutions for the 28-29/10/08 mainshocks. It is not possible to favor one of the solutions without independent constraints derived from geological data. Finally I approached the study of the earthquake-cycle in transcurrent tectonic domains using analog modeling, with alimentary gelatins like crust analog material. I successfully joined the study of finite deformation with the earthquake cycle study and sudden dislocation. A lot of seismic cycles were reproduced in which a characteristic earthquake is recognizable in terms of displacement, coseismic velocity and recurrence time.