Undersökande arbetssätt i NO-undervisningen i grundskolans tidigare årskurser

This thesis deals with the use of inquiry-based approaches in primary school science. The aim is to investigate the goals and purposes that are constituted by the curriculum and by the teachers in interviews and through their teaching in the classroom. The results are used to develop conceptual tools that can be used by teachers’ in their work to support students’ learning of science when using an inquiry-based approach. The thesis is comprised of four papers. In paper one a comparative analysis is made of five Swedish national curricula for compulsory school regarding what students should learn about scientific inquiry. In paper two 20 teachers were interviewed about their own teaching using inquiry. Classroom interactions were filmed and analyzed in papers three and four, which examine how primary teachers use the various activities and purposes of the inquiry classroom to support learning progressions in science. The results of paper one show how the emphasis within and between the two goals of learning to carry out investigations and learning about the nature of science shifted and changed over time in the different curricula. Paper two describes the selective traditions and qualities that were emphasized in the teachers’ accounts of their own teaching. The results of papers three and four show how students need to be involved in the proximate and ultimate purposes of the teaching activities for progression to happen. The ultimate purposes are the scientific purposes for the lesson (as given by the teacher or by the curriculum), whereas the proximate purposes are the more student-centered purposes that through different activities should allow the students to relate their own experiences and language to the ultimate purpose. The results show the importance of proximate purposes working as ends-in-viewin the sense of John Dewey, meaning that the students see the goal of the activity and that they are able to relate to their experiences and familiar language.

A Internet como tecnointeração da aprendizagem: valorização da cultura e identidade juvenil

The present study investigates Internet as technological interaction in the school environment as a resource of the teaching-learning process. It aims to discuss the lack of synchronicity between proposals of educational access for Internet use and types of access and interaction applied by youngsters. For the development of this research, I resorted to a qualitative, descriptive and explanatory research focused on a group whose subjects are youngsters from eleven to fifteen years of age in a catholic school which belongs to a group of private teaching schools in Natal city, Rio Grande do Norte state. As methodological option it focus on a group and the observation of its participation, discourse analysis and ethnography, considering facts and data of the pedagogical practice concerning the focused theme, besides the attempt to know the youngsters everyday at school and the relationship between them and juvenile cultures. It recognizes the existence of two moments of the focused group: the first related to internet use like technological interaction; the second concerns to the way Internet is problematic as technological interaction in classroom learning. While contacting with youngsters, the study discusses the concepts of Media Environments, Culture, Identity, Network, Consumption and Citizenship. It recognizes that it is relevant for the school to consider Internet a pedagogical tool, directed not just at research, but mostly as learning environment and as learning construction in a collaborative way. It points out the need of approach between school and media environment, reevaluating the pedagogical practice, offering a new evaluation proposal (self-evaluation). It suggests a renewal in the teacher's pedagogical practice in the classroom and using Internet, valuing the connection between technological interaction and communication as motivation elements of student s learning construction and their effective participation in decisions involving citizenship. It gives priority to educational work directed at the establishment of dialogic relationship between codes, learning and contents, leading to the new findings domain in the media environment, enabling the development of abilities and performances directed at the recognition and consumption of information from a critical reading of the media

Ensinar/aprender a gostar de história: saberes docentes e construção do conhecimento histórico escolar com professores de Arez-RN

This dissertation aims to analyze the relevant knowledge in countryside History teachers practice in high school and understand how these teachers themselves construct school knowledge in History, from the mobilization of different knowledge that make up teaching practice. Tree teachers from State Jacumauma High School and the researcher himself worked together in order to carry out this survey. The main theoretical-methodological elements of this research are based on assumptions of a qualitative research in cooperation. This approach was used to make possible to construct knowledge between teachers and researcher considering a less oppressive relationship as well as to help a continuous school upbringing of the individuals what can make them to understand the professional practice as an aspect in which one can exercise autonomy and criticism. The empirical research procedures were oral individual interviews, reflexive sessions and cooperative observations. Individuals speeches have presented, in some moments, teachers concerns about the educational fragmented system in which there are few opportunities to dialogic interactions among educationalists making still more difficult the dialog between school and reality surrounds it. Their assertions pointed out that relevant knowledge can be identified during the daily educational work and that they find proper reasons from the aim that each knowledge exerts in relation to the construction of professional practice. Classroom connections points out to more intense interactions between teachers and students, by recognizing affection as an important tool in order to make the interactions not so authoritarian at all. Regarding the countryside teachers understanding, the school knowledge in History is produced by sharing concerns and senses assigned by the individuals who are involved in the teaching-learning process. The referential science knowledge pervade History teaching, however they take another meaning according to specific features of the school environment. The intense and complex dynamic of the educational context makes that historical knowledge acquires specific characteristics that are constantly changing. As they change, there are some marks of elaborations and re-elaborations not only the new but also the traditional

Uma proposta para o ensino de eletromagnetismo no nível médio

This paper aims at building a proposal for teaching of electromagnetism in the secondary level in the state public school in Natal, RN, encompassing at the most possible comprehensive manner the fundamental aspects of electromagnetism. The methodology employed here is prioritize physical concepts rather than instruments (such as the mathematics), which should have the connotation of just tools, or of aids in the context of physics teaching in the referred teaching level. The proposal is to give teachers a consultation resource, from differentiated lesson plans, which have as main focus activities based primarily in texts and active participation of students in the teaching- learning process and the implementation of the PCN+ proposals (BRAZIL, 2000), which suggest alternative ways to make the practice in the classroom more exciting, targeting a significant teaching-learning process for both the teacher and the student. This material was applied during the 3rd and 4th term (i.e., bimester) throughout the school year of 2007, in the State School Teacher Varela Barca in two classes (3V1 and 3V2) of 3rd grade of secondary level. As evaluation of the implementation of this proposal one can cite that students were more secure when to apply the concepts, when conducting the experiments, and less anxious when formal evaluation of the evidence, showing greater motivation when presented to electromagnetism contextualized in their everyday situations. The product of this educational work includes, besides the dissertation, the lesson plans, itineraries and experimental assessment of the instruments used (Annex E to I)

Um estudo sobre o ensino-aprendizagem das demonstrações matemáticas

Demonstrations are fundamental instruments for Mathematics and, as such, are frequently used by mathematicians, math teachers and students. In fact, demonstrations are part of every Mathematics teaching environment, because Mathematics considers something true when it can be demonstrated. This is in contrast to other fields of knowledge that employ observation and experimentation to validate truth. This dissertation presents a study of the teaching and learning of demonstrations in Mathematics, describing a Teaching Module applied in a course on the Theory of Numbers offered by the Mathematics Department of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte for mathematics majors. The objective of the dissertation was to propose and test a Teaching Module that can serve as a model for teaching demonstrations. The Teaching Module consisted of the following five steps: the application of a survey to determine the students‟ profiles and their previous knowledge of mathematical language and techniques of demonstration; the analysis of a series of dialogues containing arguments in everyday language; the investigation and analysis of the structure of some important techniques of demonstration; a written assessment; and, finally, an interview to further verify the principal results of the Teaching Module. The analysis of the data obtained though the classroom activities, written assessments and interviews led to the conclusion that there was a significant amount of assimilation of the issue at the level of relational understanding, (SKEMP, 1980). These instruments verified that the students attained considerable improvement in their use of mathematical language and of the techniques of demonstration presented. Thus, the evidence supports the conclusion that the proposed Teaching Module is an effective means for the teaching/learning of mathematical demonstration and, as such, provides a methodological guide which may lay the foundations for a new approach to this important subject

A linguagem da reflexão de uma professora de Língua Inglesa: um estudo de caso sob a perspectiva do sistema de avaliatividade

Research about teacher education, carried out in the area of Applied Linguistics (AL), reveals the importance of reflective practices in the professional development of teachers. With the aim of contributing to this area, we present this case study conducted at a technical school in Natal, RN. The corpus of the study is formed mainly from the teacher‟s discourse, generated during a stimulated recall session and the instruments used to collect the data: an initial questionnaire, a video recording of a class and the text transcript of the stimulated recall session. The central objective is to understand the way in which the reflection-on-action (SCHÖN, 1983, 1987) can contribute to raise the awareness of an English as a Foreign Language teacher (EFL) about her actions in the classroom. With this proposal, we begin our discussion presenting the origins, the presuppositions and characteristics of the concept of reflection according to Schön (1983, 1987), and supported by other authors (PERRENOUD, 2002; GÓMEZ, 1995; IMBERNÓN, 2009, among others); of critical reflection (LISTON e ZEICHNER, 1993; PIMENTA, 2002; DUTRA e MELLO, 2004, among others); and of the process of critical reflection (SMYTH, 1992). To evidence the reflections that emerge in the teacher‟s discourse, we found support in the theories and methods of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), which was initially proposed by Halliday (1985, 1994), Halliday and Hasan (1989), Halliday and Matthiessen (2004) and followers, such as, Eggins (1994), Thompson (1996), among others. We focus mainly on the subsystem of Attitude, an integral component of the system of discourse resources, Appraisal, presented by Martin (2000), Martin and Rose (2003, 2007), Martin and White (2005). The results reveal that the actions of the teacher in the classroom reflect not only her professional experiences, but also her values and concepts about teaching/learning languages. The results also show the teacher‟s awareness of the need for changes in her practices. Faced with these findings, we believe that this study reveals important concepts that can direct teacher educators to rethink new ways of approaching teacher training courses. In addition, it also reveals the importance of discourse analysis based on a systemic functional approach.

Participatory design in the project of virtual learning environment of histology

This present article describes a research on the development, under the approach of participatory design, a virtual teaching-learning of Histology in which students and teachers participated actively in all stages of development of the educational environment. We postulates that the development of virtual learning environment of Histology, through the Participatory Design approach, contributes to greater acceptance and use by students and that the adoption of virtual environment for teaching and learning by teachers is a determining factor of use by students

O processo de conscientização na sala de aula de língua espanhola

This article discusses the awareness process of students in a Spanish as a foreign language classroom, at a Centre of Language Studies in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The frame of reference is Paulo Freire's pedagogy (FREIRE, 1980, 1984, 1987, 1999, 2000), Wallerstein (1983) and Schleppegrell (1997)'s investigations which are important to the comprehension of the relation between Freirean's pedagogy and the language teaching. This is a qualitative research and it focuses on action research practice in a Spanish language classroom, in which a syllabus based on Paulo Freire's pedagogy was implemented in order to verify how the target language was used in the classroom (MENEGHINI, 2001). Data analysis and discussion are based on data triangulation and classroom interactions are taken on primary data. The implementation of this research suggests that the problem posing tasks on themes chosen from the student's realities are the way which leads to the awareness.

A atuação de professores de acordo com as orientações da Proposta Curricular de Química do Estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ensino de Física para pessoas surdas: o processo educacional do surdo no ensino médio e suas relações no ambiente escolar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Role playing game eletrônico: uma tecnologia lúdica para aprender e ensinar matemática

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Crenças sobre a língua inglesa: o antiamericanismo e sua relação com o processo de ensino - aprendizagem de professores em formação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um enfoque sócio-histórico do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem do conceito de energia mecânica

Este estudo procurou identificar nas explicações construídas nas interações em sala de aula, elementos que indicassem a forma pela qual os estudantes constroem o conceito de energia mecância e suas formas, na ótica da Teoria Sócio-Histórica, observando também se o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem proporcionaram evolução nas idéias dos estudantes. As informações fornecidas pelos estudantes no pré-teste foram organizadas em categorias e comparadas após o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, com aquelas do pós-teste. O processo de ensino e de aprendizagem ocorreu em uma sala nas aulas de Física de 1ª série do ensino médio, com 35 estudantes. A análise foi realizada através de uma aula gravada em fita vídeo-cassete tendo como critério de seleção dos episódios a forma como cada grupo construiu a resposta para a questão: em que tipo de energia, a energia mecânica associada à esfera no ponto A de um plano inclinado, se transforma ao chegar no ponto B do mesmo. Uma análise microgenética das interações e a produção de significados ocorridos em sala da aula foram avaliadas, procurando-se evidenciar; as intenções do professor, o conteúdo do discurso, a abordagem comunicativa, os padrões de interação e as formas de intervenções do professor, de acordo com as categorias propostas por Mortimer e Scott (2002). Esta análise evidenciou a importância das interações na construção do conhecimento, em que o professor utilizou abordagens comunicativas do tipo interativa dialógica e interativa de autoridade. Os padrões de interações gerados foram, em alguns momentos, do tipo I - R - A, em outros momentos, do tipo I - R - F - R..., ou ainda, do tipo I - R - P - R ....a intenções do professor durante as suas intervenções foram voltadas para explorar a visão e entendimento dos estudantes acerca de idéias ou fenômenos específicos, para introduzir ou desenvolver a história científica, para guiar e manter a narrativa dos estudantes rumo à construção desta história. As formas das intervenções pedagógicas do professor viariaram entre dar forma aos significados atribuídos em situações específicas, ou ainda, marcar significados chaves, importantes para a construção da explicação que estava sendo buscada, bem como, rever o progresso da história científica. As interações entre o professor e os estudantes construíssem, para a situação em questão, explicações dirigidas pela teoria, pois, tais explicações, ocorreram sempre apoiadas em um modelo teórico que dava sustentação às suas elaborações. Na comparação dos resultados do pré e do pós-testes evidenciou-se que, dos vinte e nove (29) estudantes que participaram do pré e do pós-teste, vinte (20) demonstraram evolução na forma de pensamento e apenas nove (09) permaneceram na mesma categoria em que foram classificados no pré-teste. Destes, um (01) estudante demonstrou, no pré-teste, a forma de pensamento da categoria C5, que corresponde a um pensamento mais elaborado acerca do tema energia mecânica e suas formas.

Mudanças na prática docente no ensino de física: espaços, tempos e movimentos de experiências vividas por uma professora

Este trabalho consiste de uma pesquisa narrativa autobiográfica em que realizei uma investigação sobre mudança na minha prática docente, a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: Que contribuições para a mudança na prática docente podem emergir de experiências vividas no contexto da docência de uma professora de Física no Ensino Médio? O estudo foi realizado com base em quatro experiências vividas na atuação docente: no Projeto Pré-Vestibular Solidário (PPVS), em uma escola da rede particular, em duas escolas da rede pública de ensino em Santarém-PA, e na prática pedagógica com o Ensino de Física Através de Temas (EFAT), a qual foi realizada em uma escola da rede estadual de ensino em Ananindeua-PA. Esta última experiência consistiu de um trabalho em cooperação com a professora praticante responsável pela turma de 32 ano noturno, em que foi realizada a prática. Como material de análise fiz uso das memórias de docência das três primeiras experiências e registros construídos a partir da experiência com o EFAT por meio de diários de aula produzidos por mim e pela professora praticante, relatos e depoimentos dos estudantes, além de entrevista com a professora. Interagi com esses materiais de análise no sentido de construir compreensões sobre o processo de mudança em minha prática, na perspectiva dos professores como agentes de mudança educacional, segundo Goodson (2008a, 2008b) e Fullan (2009), e trato de mudanças nas crenças e valores pessoais. Das análises construídas identifiquei como elementos de mudança: rupturas/reconstruções de modelos e concepções de processo ensino-aprendizagem, ser docente, ciência, conhecimento científico e dimensões formativas decorrentes do aprendizado em Física; os desafios referentes a complexidade do cotidiano na sala de aula, as incertezas da prática, a construção de uma relação dialógica com os estudantes, promover a motivação para o processo ensino-aprendizagem em Física, a busca da aprendizagem contínua, reconstrução do papel de professora e estudantes no processo ensino-aprendizagem, desenvolver a prática compartilhada, as dificuldades das condições de produção docente; a interação decorrente das trocas com colegas professores, e estudantes, que propiciaram a construção coletiva e compartilhada da prática, a construção de valores e atitudes como a confiança, receptividade, a flexibilidade; e o movimento interno que diz respeito a inquietação, insatisfação, o conflito relacionados aos modos de condução da prática docente, o olhar constante para si, além das crenças na mudança. Das análises realizadas concluo que a mudança na minha prática docente no ensino de Física tem relação com o modo como enfrentei os conflitos decorrentes dos distanciamentos entre a formação e atuação docente, uma vez que no decurso da formação são construídos modelos e concepções de ciência, docência, processo ensino-aprendizagem, dentre outros que se distanciam do fazer cotidiano nos contextos de atuação e que por vezes necessitam ser reconstruídos. Assim, a mudança na minha prática docente envolveu múltiplas dimensões, aprendizados contínuos, abertura ao diálogo, flexibilidade para construir e reconstruir crenças e valores, modos de ser e agir na docência.

Reflexõs sobre a linguagem do ambiente chat no Teletandem sob a perspectiva da natureza heterogênea da escrita

This paper aims at discussing the characteristics of computer mediated language within a foreign language teaching and learning environment enabled by the use of synchronic writing resources – chat. The present research is based on (i) theoretical principles about the use of technologies and the teaching-learning of foreign languages in the scope of the Teletandem Brazil Project: Foreign languages for all – Projeto Teletandem Brasil: línguas estrangeiras para todos (TELLES, 2005); (ii) studies on the characteristics of the language within chat interactions; (iii) different theoretical perspectives on the relationship between spoken and written language, emphasizing the constitutive heterogeneity of writing perspective (CORRÊA, 1997, 1998, 2001); and (iv) some relevant concepts related to Prosodic Phonology field (NESPOR; VOGEL, 1986). Is being taken as research data, the written production of a Brazilian student (finishing a Licentiate in Literature) interacting with an American student (in Religious Studies) through Windows Live Messenger. The data were collected during a five-month period, during which the participants interacted through chat, totalizing 12 interactions in English and in Portuguese. During the analysis, a particular attention was given to the messages’ fragmentation, the use (or not) of punctuation signs and abbreviations within the Brazilian participant’s production, in order to discuss the representations she built of her writing, her interlocutor, herself and on the teaching-learning process of a foreign language.