Evaluation report: regional workshop on informal sector surveys in the Caribbean's subregion

The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) with support from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the Central Statistical Office in Saint Lucia convened a two-day Regional Workshop on Informal Sector Surveys for the Caribbean Subregion from 12 – 13 October 2009 in Castries, Saint Lucia. This workshop was one of the culminating activities of the United Nations Statistical Division-commissioned project Measurement of the Informal Sector and Informal Employment being conducted in the subregion since 2007. It was aimed primarily at disseminating the results of a 1-2 survey of the informal sector which was carried out in Saint Lucia over the period April 2008 to January 2009.

Regional workshop on informal sector surveys in the Caribbean subregion

The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean, with support from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the Central Statistics Office in Saint Lucia, convened a two-day Data Dissemination Workshop on the Informal Sector and Informal Employment on 12 -13 October 2009 in Castries, Saint Lucia. This workshop was one of the culminating activities of the Interregional Project on the Measurement of the Informal Sector and Informal Employment being conducted in the Caribbean subregion. The workshop served as a forum for presenting the findings of the survey of the informal sector which was carried out in Saint Lucia over the period April 2008 to January 2009.

Tourism in the Caribbean: competitiveness, upgrading, linkages and the role of public private partnerships (PPP) and public policy

The main purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the contributions that publicprivate partnerships and public policy have made in the development of tourism in the Caribbean as tools for enhancing competitiveness in the Caribbean tourism industry. The paper explores these contributions mainly in the context of the upgrading strategies that Caribbean countries have pursued over the past 15 years or so and using the lens of the tourism value chain and tourism cluster approach. The paper also analyzes the potential roles that public-private partnerships and public policy will continue to play in the future especially in the process of building linkages between the tourism sector and other sectors in order to increase net benefits from tourism to the Region. This paper is divided into five sections. In Section I, we define public-private partnerships (PPP) and describe the areas in tourism where PPP are most widely used, the tools used to implement PPP in tourism and the various forms of PPP. Economic arguments are then laid to motivate PPP as a determinant of tourism competitiveness using the tourism value-chain and tourism cluster approach. Specific case examples illustrating the contributions of PPP and public policy towards increasing tourism competitiveness are provided at a regional level and for specific areas in Sections II and III respectively. Section IV summarizes findings from the previous two sections and discusses ways to enhance the effectiveness of PPP and public policy in Caribbean tourism for increased competitiveness. Section V analyzes a few of the challenges that the Caribbean tourism sector is facing. The final section proposes new areas of intervention for PPP and public policy as tools for enhancing competitiveness in the Caribbean tourism sector in order to assist the region in addressing these challenges.

Tourism in the Caribbean: competitiveness, upgrading, linkages and the role of public private partnerships (PPP) and public policy

The main purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the contributions that publicprivate partnerships and public policy have made in the development of tourism in the Caribbean as tools for enhancing competitiveness in the Caribbean tourism industry. The paper explores these contributions mainly in the context of the upgrading strategies that Caribbean countries have pursued over the past 15 years or so and using the lens of the tourism value chain and tourism cluster approach. The paper also analyzes the potential roles that public-private partnerships and public policy will continue to play in the future especially in the process of building linkages between the tourism sector and other sectors in order to increase net benefits from tourism to the Region. This paper is divided into five sections. In Section I, we define public-private partnerships (PPP) and describe the areas in tourism where PPP are most widely used, the tools used to implement PPP in tourism and the various forms of PPP. Economic arguments are then laid to motivate PPP as a determinant of tourism competitiveness using the tourism value-chain and tourism cluster approach. Specific case examples illustrating the contributions of PPP and public policy towards increasing tourism competitiveness are provided at a regional level and for specific areas in Sections II and III respectively. Section IV summarizes findings from the previous two sections and discusses ways to enhance the effectiveness of PPP and public policy in Caribbean tourism for increased competitiveness. Section V analyzes a few of the challenges that the Caribbean tourism sector is facing. The final section proposes new areas of intervention for PPP and public policy as tools for enhancing competitiveness in the Caribbean tourism sector in order to assist the region in addressing these challenges.

Política de desenvolvimento e estruturação do espaço regional da área da Bodoquena em Mato Grosso do Sul

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sustainable regional development: Reconciling global and local dynamics and stakes in the Swiss Alps

This article explores how global and local dynamics and stakes can be brought together when trying to combine conservation and regional development. For this purpose we analyse a series of studies carried out in the area of the Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch World Heritage Site (WHS). The approaches used in these studies to analyse the diversity and development of the region included data collection and evaluation of indicators such as population development, number of working places, occupation rates in various economic sectors and commuter balance, as well as interviews with key informants and assessment of existing planning tools. The major challenge of the newly declared World Heritage Region is that it is neither a political or administrative nor a cultural unit but constitutes a completely new type of space that breaks up and crosses traditional boundaries. The studies revealed an economic tertiarisation process and migration of the population from remote areas to regional centres. Tourism was identified as the key economic sector in the region. Regarding regional sustainability, the studies identified a need for quality dialogue and negotiation of interests and stakes. It was shown that in dealing with sustainability at the local level, many key issues cannot be resolved on the ground, as they depend on regional or national decisions, e.g. the conditions for tourism promotion in the region or economic validation of agricultural activity. We conclude from these findings that national or even international factors do not provide a basis for location-specific solutions, as they are often too general, and that the global label does not ensure sustainability in a designated WHS region; this depends entirely on local and regional dynamics.

Quality of feedback to e-mail requests - an explorative study in alpine tourism destinations

The central aim of our project is to explore the handling of e-mail request from customers by tourist organisations and to explain the perceived behaviour. For this purpose, we designed a qualitative empirical study which consists basically of two stages. The first stage consists of a black-box test where we employ the setting of a qualitative experiment to measure the behaviour of the organisation to an e-mail request. The second stage comprises a with-box test where we want to look into the tourist organizations and analyse the relevant information processes. This study should give as some insight in the internal processing of e-mail requests and thus should help to explain the reactions that we registered.

Does World Natural Heritage status trigger sustainable regional development efforts?

Today, there are over 200 World Natural Heritage (WNH) sites. Although the original aim of the World Heritage (WH) Convention was to spark off concerted international efforts to preserve sites of outstanding and universal value, today a multitude of expectations rests on WNH sites in terms of conservation, tourism, management and regional development. This paper identifies the effects of WNH status on sustainable regional development and the driving factors behind these effects. The results are based on a global survey of WNH sites and qualitative interviews with key WNH personnel. The paper shows that WNH status can be an important trigger for sustainable regional development, but its effectiveness depends on a number of intricately interwoven ‘soft’ success factors. Clearer policies and management guidelines, as envisaged by UNESCO, are crucial to achieving a balance between conservation and development.

Suicide tourism: a pilot study on the swiss phenomenon

While assisted suicide (AS) is strictly restricted in many countries, it is not clearly regulated by law in Switzerland. This imbalance leads to an influx of people —‘suicide tourists’—coming to Switzerland, mainly to the Canton of Zurich, for the sole purpose of committing suicide. Political debate regarding ‘suicide tourism’ is taking place in many countries. Swiss medicolegal experts are confronted with these cases almost daily, which prompted our scientific investigation of the phenomenon. The present study has three aims: (1) to determine selected details about AS in the study group (age, gender and country of residence of the suicide tourists, the organisation involved, the ingested substance leading to death and any diseases that were the main reason for AS); (2) to find out the countries from which suicide tourists come and to review existing laws in the top three in order to test the hypothesis that suicide tourism leads to the amendment of existing regulations in foreign countries; and (3) to compare our results with those of earlier studies in Zurich. We did a retrospective data analysis of the Zurich Institute of Legal Medicine database on AS of on-Swiss residents in the last 5 years (2008–2012), and internet research for current legislation and political debate in the three foreign countries most concerned. We analysed 611 cases from 31 countries all over the world. Non-terminal conditions such as neurological and rheumatic diseases are increasing among suicide tourists. The unique phenomenon of suicide tourism in Switzerland may indeed result in the amendment or supplementary guidelines to existing regulations in foreign countries.

Impacto de la crisis internacional sobre nuevos sectores dinámicos de la economía regional : El turismo en la cuenca austral de la provincia de Santa Cruz

Trabajos anteriores derivados de esta línea investigativa permitieron analizar el sector Turismo como un nuevo componente de la dinámica productiva en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, la cual se basó históricamente en la explotación de recursos agotables y con características de enclave. Dichos estudios relevaron el crecimiento que ese sector ha experimentado a nivel mundial, en la Patagonia Austral y particularmente en la Comarca Austral de dicha provincia, al amparo de las condiciones macroeconómicas favorables de los últimos años. Al estudiarse la oferta local se pudo definir la estructura empresaria del sector y analizar el empleo turístico y su impacto en el mercado laboral. El presente trabajo destaca la importancia relativa del turismo en esta nueva reestructuración económica provincial, caracterizada por una mayor diversificación de las actividades productivas. Cuando se observa la demanda turística en el epicentro regional establecido en El Calafate, se aprecia el crecimiento explosivo producido. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de la crisis internacional de fines de 2008 impactan negativamente en el sector con un freno a dicho crecimiento, registrándose una disminución del turismo internacional y una profundización de la estacionalidad y relevando una oferta que muestra menores indicadores de ocupación y, por ende, una reducción en sus índices de rentabilidad. Dicho análisis pone en evidencia problemas emergentes del sector y del empleo producido por el mismo, con implicaciones sobre la estructura empresaria establecida y la calidad del empleo generado

Impacto de la crisis internacional sobre nuevos sectores dinámicos de la economía regional : El turismo en la cuenca austral de la provincia de Santa Cruz

Trabajos anteriores derivados de esta línea investigativa permitieron analizar el sector Turismo como un nuevo componente de la dinámica productiva en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, la cual se basó históricamente en la explotación de recursos agotables y con características de enclave. Dichos estudios relevaron el crecimiento que ese sector ha experimentado a nivel mundial, en la Patagonia Austral y particularmente en la Comarca Austral de dicha provincia, al amparo de las condiciones macroeconómicas favorables de los últimos años. Al estudiarse la oferta local se pudo definir la estructura empresaria del sector y analizar el empleo turístico y su impacto en el mercado laboral. El presente trabajo destaca la importancia relativa del turismo en esta nueva reestructuración económica provincial, caracterizada por una mayor diversificación de las actividades productivas. Cuando se observa la demanda turística en el epicentro regional establecido en El Calafate, se aprecia el crecimiento explosivo producido. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de la crisis internacional de fines de 2008 impactan negativamente en el sector con un freno a dicho crecimiento, registrándose una disminución del turismo internacional y una profundización de la estacionalidad y relevando una oferta que muestra menores indicadores de ocupación y, por ende, una reducción en sus índices de rentabilidad. Dicho análisis pone en evidencia problemas emergentes del sector y del empleo producido por el mismo, con implicaciones sobre la estructura empresaria establecida y la calidad del empleo generado

Impacto de la crisis internacional sobre nuevos sectores dinámicos de la economía regional : El turismo en la cuenca austral de la provincia de Santa Cruz

Trabajos anteriores derivados de esta línea investigativa permitieron analizar el sector Turismo como un nuevo componente de la dinámica productiva en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, la cual se basó históricamente en la explotación de recursos agotables y con características de enclave. Dichos estudios relevaron el crecimiento que ese sector ha experimentado a nivel mundial, en la Patagonia Austral y particularmente en la Comarca Austral de dicha provincia, al amparo de las condiciones macroeconómicas favorables de los últimos años. Al estudiarse la oferta local se pudo definir la estructura empresaria del sector y analizar el empleo turístico y su impacto en el mercado laboral. El presente trabajo destaca la importancia relativa del turismo en esta nueva reestructuración económica provincial, caracterizada por una mayor diversificación de las actividades productivas. Cuando se observa la demanda turística en el epicentro regional establecido en El Calafate, se aprecia el crecimiento explosivo producido. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de la crisis internacional de fines de 2008 impactan negativamente en el sector con un freno a dicho crecimiento, registrándose una disminución del turismo internacional y una profundización de la estacionalidad y relevando una oferta que muestra menores indicadores de ocupación y, por ende, una reducción en sus índices de rentabilidad. Dicho análisis pone en evidencia problemas emergentes del sector y del empleo producido por el mismo, con implicaciones sobre la estructura empresaria establecida y la calidad del empleo generado

Innnovation and new business models for the regional development: travel and transportation

Regional development could present different strategies: •Relocation of industry clusters •Foreign Direct Investment attraction •Innovation based on new business models The Regional Government of Madrid (3rd largest GDP in the EU) selected strategic industries to compete & innovate: •Travel & Transportation •Aerospace •Nanotech. & •Biotech. •ICTs. •Energy

De la desintegración Espacial a la Conformación regional en la Sabana de Bogotá. Una Propuesta para el desarrollo de la Ciudad Región en el siglo XXI

El presente trabajo de investigación aborda el tema del desarrollo regional en torno a una gran metrópoli como Bogotá y la Sabana de Bogotá. El crecimiento, expansión y relación con los municipios vecinos. Su entorno territorial; es un tema de discusión que cada día adquiere más fuerza desde hace varias décadas. Bogotá y la Sabana de Bogotá, se consideran en la actualidad como un caso representativo del caótico modelo de expansión urbana y crecimiento demográfico, enfrentado al desarrollo urbano como paradigma de la desigualdad de la ciudad latinoamericana. Son muchos los procesos y conflictos de naturaleza Regional y metropolitana que atraviesa la capital colombiana. Sin embargo esta investigación abordada el tema desde la necesidad de gobernanza y coordinación para el desarrollo territorial consensuado y equilibrado de la Región. La sabana de Bogotá está conformada por ciudades dormitorio, ciudades industriales, turísticas, agropecuarias, etc., es atravesada por el Río Bogotá, y en su centro la gran metrópoli, Bogotá D.C. centro de trabajo muy importante a nivel nacional, su área de influencia más próxima llega hasta: Caqueza, Zipaquira, Facatativa, Soacha, Fusagasuga y Girardot. Principales polos de desarrollo en la sabana y el departamento. Cundinamarca está compuesto por 15 provincias y Bogotá. Conformando un sistema de redes urbanas con necesidades comunes y demanda servicios públicos, de transporte, aseo, movilidad, salud, educación, espacio público y calidad ambiental. La metodología de esta investigación consiste en el análisis de la región a partir de la articulación de planes de ordenamiento territorial en un área de estudio propuesta. Mediante entrevistas con profesionales, expertos, funcionarios y empleados públicos y teniendo en cuenta las posibilidades legales en Colombia para el desarrollo territorial regional, establecer la situación real en materia de desarrollo para el departamento de Cundinamarca, evidenciando las necesidades del territorio y su desarrollo de una forma más compleja, valorando las sinergias y necesidades sociales, ambientales y económicas propias del crecimiento urbano, para proponer una serie de directrices que estructuren un desarrollo regional equilibrado en Bogotá y Cundinamarca. El análisis de los modelos del caso contribuye a fortalecer iniciativas para el desarrollo Regional de la Sabana de Bogotá como territorio sostenible: ambiental, económico y socialmente. En un sistema de redes que interconecte a Bogotá, con Cundinamarca, Colombia y el resto del mundo. Cundinamarca como región debe fijar estrategias y articular políticas en función de un modelo de desarrollo urbano regional para el departamento y la Sabana de Bogotá. Directrices departamentales básicas y fundamentales para el desarrollo territorial equilibrado que promueva ciudades sostenibles, compactas y con Calidad de vida para todos sus habitantes. ABSTRACT: This research addresses the issue of regional development around a big metropolis like Bogotá and Sabana de Bogota. The growth, expansion and relations with neighboring municipalities. Your local environment; It is an issue that becomes stronger every day for decades. Bogotá and Sabana de Bogotá, are considered today as a representative case of the chaotic model of urban expansion and population growth, urban development faced as a paradigm of inequality in Latin American city. Many processes and conflicts of Regional and metropolitan nature that crosses the Colombian capital. However this research addressed the issue from the need for governance and coordination for consensual and balanced territorial development of the region. The savannah of Bogota consists of bedroom communities, industrial cities, tourism, agriculture, etc., is crossed by the Bogota River, and at its center the great metropolis, Bogota DC center very important work at the national level, the area closest influence reaches: Caqueza, Zipaquira, Facatativa, Soacha, Fusagasuga and Girardot. Main centers of development in the savannah and the department. Cundinamarca is composed of 15 provinces and Bogota. Forming a system of urban networks with common needs and demand utilities, transportation, grooming, mobility, health, education, public space and environmental quality. The methodology of this research is the analysis of the region from the joint land use plans in the proposed study area. Through interviews with professionals, experts, public officials and employees and taking into account the legal possibilities in Colombia for regional territorial development, establish the real situation in development for the department of Cundinamarca, showing the region's needs and development of a more complex form, assessing synergies and own social, environmental and economic needs of urban growth, to propose a set of guidelines to structure a balanced regional development in Bogota and Cundinamarca. The analysis of case models helps to strengthen initiatives for regional development of the Sabana de Bogota and sustainable region: environmentally, economically and socially. In a network system that interconnects to Bogotá with Cundinamarca, Colombia and elsewhere. Cundinamarca region should set as joint strategies and policies based on a model of regional urban development for the department and the Sabana de Bogota. Basic and fundamental to balanced territorial development that fosters sustainable, compact and quality of life for all its inhabitants cities departmental guidelines.

Riesgos naturales en la actividad turística

El propósito de la presente aportación se centra en la consideración de los riesgos de origen natural en la actividad turística, desde una doble vertiente: el efecto de los riesgos naturales, sobre todo los de carácter excepcional, en el desarrollo de las prácticas turísticas, y la consideración del papel que corresponde al turismo en la configuración de modelos territoriales sobre territorios en riesgo. Como enmarque general, el tema de estudio es analizado como una de las dimensiones dentro de las interacciones entre medio ambiente y sistemas de ocupación del territorio, bien entendido que el desarrollo del turismo, como manifestación de las intervenciones del grupo humano en un territorio, implica y genera nuevos modelos de organización y gestión del suelo. En definitiva, formas de afectar a la relación del hombre con su entorno.