Kitāb Munyat al-muftī / taṣnīf al-Shaykh al-Imām al-ʻĀlim al-Fāḍil al-ʻAllāmah Jamāl al-Dīn Muftī al-muslimīn Yūsuf ibn Abī Asʻad ibn Aḥmad al-Sijistānī. manuscript, 1481

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وبالله التوفيق والاعانة وهو حسبي ونعم الوكيل الحمد لله الواحد ... :Incipit

Kitāb Sharḥ Burdat al-mukhtār / lil-Shaykh al-Imām al-ʻĀlim al-ʻĀmil Shihāb al-Dīn Abū al-ʻAbbās Aḥmad ibn ʻImād al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Bāqī al-Aqfahsī : manuscript, 1635

Written in one column, 17 lines per page, in black with punctuation in red.

Bayān al-najāsāt al-maʻfū ʻanhā / li-Ibn al-ʻImād : manuscript, 1885

Title from f. 1r in later hand.

Nasihat-nâme-yi Muhyî : manuscript, [1572]

Written in two columns, 15 lines per page, in black with punctuation in red.

An essay concerning the understanding, knowledge, opinion, and assent /

The hitherto unpublished draft dated 1671, of Locke's Essay concerning human understanding first published in 1690, printed from a photostat copy of the original, with strict adherence to the text, save that the spelling, capitals and punctuation have been modernized.

De educandis erudiendisque principum liberis, reipublicae gubernandae destinatis, deque republica Christianè administranda epitome : libri duo ; accessit Diarium, seu, Quotidianae preces hebdomadis accommodatae ; item Celeuma exhortatorium ad praeparationem Christianè moriendi /

Includes (p. 335-351) "Ad illustrissimum principem Gulielmum, Ducem Iuliacensium, Cliuensium, Montensium ... Ioannis Sturmij De educatione principis."

Comparing sentence-level features for authorship analysis in Portuguese

In this paper we compare the robustness of several types of stylistic markers to help discriminate authorship at sentence level. We train a SVM-based classifier using each set of features separately and perform sentence-level authorship analysis over corpus of editorials published in a Portuguese quality newspaper. Results show that features based on POS information, punctuation and word / sentence length contribute to a more robust sentence-level authorship analysis. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.

Intervención cognitivo-conductual para el control de ansiedad ante la biopsia insicional en pacientes con cáncer de mama

Oncological patients are submitted to invasive exams in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis; these procedures may cause maladaptative reactions (fear, anxiety and pain). Particularly in breast cancer, the most common diagnose technique is the incisional biopsy. Most of the patients are unaware about the procedure and for that reason they may focus their thoughts on possible events such as pain, bleeding, the anesthesia, or the later surgical wound care. Anxiety and pain may provoke physiological, behavioral and emotional complications, and because of this reason, the Behavioral Medicine trained psychologist takes an active role before and after the biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a cognitive-behavioral program to reduce anxiety in women submitted to incisional biopsy for the first time. There were 10 participants from the Hospital Juárez de México, Oncology service; all of them were treated as external patients. The intervention program focused in psycho-education and passive relaxation training using videos, tape-recorded instructions and pamphlets. Anxiety measures were performed using the IDARE-State inventory, and a visual-analogue scale of anxiety (EEF-A), and the measurement of blood pressure and heart rate). Data were analyzed both intrasubject and intersubject using the Wilcoxon test (p≤0.05). The results show a reduction in anxiety (as in punctuation as in ranges) besides, a reduction in the EEF-A.

A pontuação no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

O presente estudo pretendia caracterizar o desempenho de crianças a frequentar o 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico no que dizia respeito ao uso da pontuação e contribuir para a consolidação desse conhecimento, reforçando os pontos fortes e ajudando a ultrapassar as lacunas. Assim, concebemos, implementamos e avaliamos uma intervenção didática que incidiu sobre as funções de vários sinais de pontuação e o seu uso em contexto. Recolhemos dados relativos ao desempenho dos alunos, a partir das atividades em que estes participaram. A análise de conteúdo dos dados recolhidos revelou que tinham aperfeiçoado o seu conhecimento sobre as funções de certos sinais de pontuação e desenvolvido competências relacionadas com o seu uso em contexto, embora subsistissem dificuldades.

Reading Pitscottie's Cronicles: a case study on the history of literacy in Scotland, 1575-1814

This thesis addresses a range of research questions regarding literacy in early modern Scotland. Using the early modern manuscripts and printed editions of Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie’s late sixteenth-century 'Cronicles of Scotland' as a case study on literacy history, this thesis poses the complementary questions of how and why early modern Scottish reading communities were encountering Pitscottie’s 'Cronicles', and how features of the material page can be interpreted as indicators of contemporary literacy practices. The answers to these questions then provide the basis for the thesis to ask broader socio-cultural and theoretical questions regarding the overall literacy environment in Scotland between 1575 and 1814, and how theorists conceptualise the history of literacy. Positioned within the theoretical groundings of historical pragmatics and ‘new philology’ – and the related approach of pragmaphilology – this thesis returns to the earlier philological practice of close textual analysis, and engages with the theoretical concept of mouvance, in order to analyse how the changing ‘form’ of Pitscottie’s 'Cronicles', as it was reproduced in manuscript and print throughout the early modern period, indicates its changing ‘function’. More specifically, it suggests that the punctuation practices and paratextual features of individual witnesses of the text function to aid the highly-nuanced reading practices and purposes of the discrete reading communities for which they were produced. This thesis includes extensive descriptive material which presents previously unrecorded data regarding twenty manuscripts and printed witnesses of Pitscottie’s 'Cronicles', contributing to a gap in Scotland’s literary/historiographical canon. It then analyses this material using a transferable methodological framework which combines the quantitative analysis of micro-data with qualitative analysis of this data within its socio-cultural context, in order to conduct diachronic comparative analysis of copy-specific information. The principal findings of this thesis suggest that Pitscottie’s 'Cronicles' were being read for a combination of devotional and didactic purposes, and that multiple reading communities, employing highly nuanced reading practices, were encountering the text near-contemporaneously. This thesis further suggests that early modern literacy practices, and the specific reading communities which employ them, should be described as existing within a spectrum of available practices (i.e. more or less oral/aural or silent, and intensive or extensive in practice) rather than as dichotomous entities. As such, this thesis argues for the rejection of evolutionary theories of the history of literacy, suggesting that rather than being described antithetically, historical reading practices and purposes must be recognised as complex, coexisting socio-cultural practices, and the multiplicity of reading communities within a single society must be acknowledged and analysed as such, as opposed to being interpreted as universal entities.

An?lisis de los problemas en la argumentaci?n escrita en espa?ol de estudiantes de tercer semestre de la licenciatura en lenguas extranjeras de la Universidad del Valle [recurso electr?nico]

This study identifies and analyzes the problems of academic and argumentative writing in third semester students of the Bachelor of Foreign Languages at the Universidad del Valle, in order to determine which are the most common difficulties arisen in the process of writing. Formal aspects of language and rhetorical elements will be analyzed in the written productions of students. This is a qualitative ethnographic study that aims to determine how the relationship between the pedagogical intervention, classroom interactions and classroom activities in the course of Composition II, help to overcome these difficulties. The research shows that students have many difficulties in the academic writing as the use of an appropriate lexical, cohesion between paragraphs of a text, use of punctuation, citation and conjugation of verbs. In relation to the construction of the argument, it was found problems in students? texts: students fail in prevailing an argumentative sequence, there is not an approach and continuation of a thesis throughout the text, there is no consistency between the thesis and the arguments developed throughout the production, problems in the use of rebuttals and backings in the argumentation. In addition to these, and although they are not the most common problems, interference of words from a foreign language (English or French) and orality marks were found in the students? argumentative essays. Finally, this work demonstrates that educational intervention and classroom interactions help to improve the different versions of the written productions, though, some problems remain unsolved at the end of the intervention.